Euarestoides rionegrensis Savaris & Norrbom, 2019

Savaris, Marcoandre, Norrbom, Allen L., Marinoni, Luciane & Lampert, Silvana, 2019, Revision of the genus Euarestoides Benjamin (Diptera: Tephritidae), Zootaxa 4551 (3), pp. 299-329 : 317-318

Euarestoides rionegrensis Savaris & Norrbom , n. sp.

Figs. 12–13 , 34–37 , 43 , 49 , 55 , 58

Diagnosis. This species differs from all other species of Euarestoides in having the aculeus with a strong constriction before the opening of the cloaca ( Figs. 35–36 ). In E. abstersus and E. acutangulus there is a slight constriction. This species differs from other species of Euarestoides except E. bimaculatus in lacking a dark border on the anterodistal margin of the reticulate area between the pterostigma and crossvein r-m. It differs from E. bimaculatus in lacking distinct dark spots in cell r 4+5 within the subapical stellate mark ( Figs. 12–13 ), the ground color of the scutum brown, the medial prensiseta straight ( Fig. 43 ), the acrophallus with a large apical lobe ( Fig. 55 ), and the aculeus with the lateral margin serrate before the opening of the cloaca ( Fig. 36 ).

Description. Body length 2.91–4.20 mm, yellow to brown in ground color. Setae generally pale brown to brown.

Head: Slightly higher (0.84–0.97 mm) than long (0.54–0.73 mm). Generally yellow, frons yellow to orange, ocellar tubercle brown to dark brown and with few setulae white, and occiput brown medially and with brown mark sublaterally extended nearly to vertical seta. Frons length (0.38–0.45 mm) less than width at vertex (0.51–0.61 mm), slightly narrowed to anterior margin (0.37–0.50 mm). Gena with few small setulae mixed acuminate dark and lanceolate yellowish on middle and ventral margin; genal seta acuminate, pale brown; gena height to eye long diameter ratio 0.24–0.28. Eye ovoid, long diameter 0.66–0.79 mm, width 0.51–0.63 mm. Antenna testaceous yellow, first flagellomere more long than wide. Maxillary palpus pale brown at apex with 3 distinct acuminate setulae.

Thorax: Length 1.56–1.92 mm, ground color of scutum brown, of scutellum yellow.

Wing ( Figs. 12–13 ): Length 3.83–4.50 mm, width 1.49–1.80 mm. Area between pterostigma and crossvein r-m pale brown reticulate, without or with very faint incompletely darkened border along anterodistal margin. Pterostigma with basal half yellowish and with apical hyaline spot (one female with 2 hyaline spots). Cell r 1 with 3 rays in marginal part, most proximal ray narrow, distal two rays broad, most distal as broad as or subequal to subapical ray; rays bordering 3 marginal hyaline marks: largest immediately distad of pterostigma, oblique and reaching to or almost to vein R 4+5; second mark rounded sometimes reaching vein R 2+3; and small rounded subapical mark reaching vein R 2+3. Cell r 2+3 with 2 marginal hyaline spots (with complete medial dark ray). Cell r 4+5 with apical rays complete; distinctly broader apically; without distinct medial dark spot reaching vein R 4+5 near base of apical rays within the subapical stellate mark; subbasal hyaline spot near anterior end of crossvein dm-m large, more than ¾ width of cell; stellate mark with tiny medial hyaline spot. Cells br, bm, cu a, dm, and m 4 and anal lobe pale brown reticulate, markings connected. Dark ray over crossvein dm-m and 2 dark rays crossing cell m 1 all reaching posterior wing margin. Basal marginal hyaline spot not reaching vein M 1 (first ray and ray on dm-m connected). Halter yellow.

Legs: Entirely yellow.

Abdomen: Ground color brown.

Female terminalia: Oviscape mostly yellow, in dorsal view base with 2 large dark spots, ca. ½ of length of oviscape; length 0.77 mm, width 0.73 mm at base and 0.28 mm at apex; with white lanceolate setulae evenly distributed in the base half and dark acuminate in the apical half. Eversible membrane ( Fig. 34 ) length 0.82 mm. Aculeus ( Fig. 35 ) with distinct constriction before opening of cloaca, pale brown, length 0.72 mm, lateral margin serrate from proximal to opening of cloaca to subapically, tip ( Fig. 36 ) triangular with elongate apex, length 0.22 mm. Spermathecae ( Fig. 37 ) elongate, length 0.27 mm.

Male terminalia: Medial surstylus with prensisetae equal and straight ( Fig. 43 ). Phallapodeme 0.38 mm long. Glans 0.42 mm long, with large and curved apical lobe ( Fig. 55 ); vesica very short.

Distribution. Neotropical. Colombia (Antioquia, Cundinamarca, Tolima) ( Fig. 58 ).

Biology. This species has been reared from flowerheads of Montanoa quadrangularis Sch. Bip (Heliantheae) . The type specimens were collected in January to March.

Type data. The holotype male is labeled “Rionegro (Ant. [ COLOMBIA: Antioquia]) 29-I-1959 ” / “C. Carmona Veza” / “ HOLOTYPE ♂ Euarestoides rionegrensis Savaris & Norrbom ” [red] / “USNMENT00262577” [plastic bar code label]. It is double mounted (triangle paper), is in fair condition, and is deposited in the CAS. The type locality is at approximantely 6.155°N 75.389°W. Paratypes: same data as holotype, 1♂ (USNM USNMENT00262578). COLOMBIA. Tolima: Cajamarca—Calarcá (Rt. 40), Balconcitos (sitio 19), 4°26'12.9"N 75°23'57.18"W, 1795 m, McPhail trap, 9 Feb 2005; N. Canal, 1♀ (USNM USNMENT00875332). Cundinamarca: Albán, Reserva CAR, 4.5015°N 74.2744°W, 2086 m, reared ex flowerheads of Montanoa quadrangularis Sch. Bip. , 3 Mar 2015; P. A. Rodriguez, 9♂ 10♀ (ICAT ICAMF00000329), 1♂ 1♀ (USNM USNMENT00875333–34).

Etymology. The name of this species is an adjective referring to the region (Rionegro) where the holotype was collected.

Figures

FIGURE 58. Distribution map for Euarestoides: (○) E. abstersus (Loew). (●) E. acutangulus (Thomson). (☆) E. bimaculatus Savaris & Norrbom. (Δ) E. dreisbachi Foote. (■) E. pereirai Savaris & Norrbom. (□) E. rionegrensis Savaris & Norrbom.

FIGURES 2‒13. Wings: 2–3, E. abstersus (♂, USA: New Jersey, Atlantic City, USNMENT00262501; ♀, Delaware, Rehoboth, USNMENT00262502); 4–6, E. acutangulus (♂, USA: California, Riverside, USNMENT00262498; ♀, Palm Springs USNMENT00262499; ♂, Peru: Cusco, Urcos, USNMENT00262500); 7, E. bimaculatus Savaris & Norrbom (♀, Peru: Cusco, Ollantaytambo, USNMENT00744411); 8–9, E. dreisbachi (♂, ♀, Guatemala: Huehuetenango, San Idelfonso Ixtahuacan, USNMENT00671472; USNMENT00671474); 10–11, E. pereirai Savaris & Norrbom (♂, ♀, Brazil: São Paulo, Votorantim, USNMENT00262496–97); 12–13, E. rionegrensis Savaris & Norrbom (♂, ♂, Colombia: Antioquia, Rionegro, USNMENT00262577–78). Scale bar = 0.5 mm.

FIGURES 26‒37. Female terminalia (eversible membrane, aculeus, aculeus tip, and spermatheca): 26–29, E. dreisbachi (Guatemala: Huehuetenango, San Idelfonso Ixtahuacan, USNMENT00671605); 30–33, E. pereirai Savaris & Norrbom (Brazil: São Paulo, Votorantim, USNMENT00262601); 34–37, E. rionegrensis Savaris & Norrbom (Colombia: Tolima, Cajamarca, USNMENT00875332). Scale bar = 0.10 mm.

FIGURES 38‒43. Male terminalia (epandrium, surstyli and proctiger, posterior): 38, E. abstersus (USA: New Jersey, Atlantic City, USNMENT00262604); 39, E. acutangulus (Mexico: Baja California, USNMENT00262606); 40, E. bimaculatus Savaris & Norrbom (Peru: Cusco, Carretera Manu, USNMENT00875891); 41, E. dreisbachi (Guatemala: Huehuetenango, San Idelfonso Ixtahuacan, USNMENT00671469); 42, E. pereirai Savaris & Norrbom (Brazil: Bahia, Palmeiras, USNMENT00262504); 43, E. rionegrensis Savaris & Norrbom (Colombia: Antioquia, Rionegro, USNMENT00262578). Scale bar = 0.10 mm.

FIGURES 44‒49. Male terminalia (epandrium, surstyli and proctiger, lateral): 44, E. abstersus (USA: New Jersey, Atlantic City, USNMENT00262604); 45, E. acutangulus (Mexico: Baja California, USNMENT00262606); 46, E. bimaculatus Savaris & Norrbom (Peru: Cusco, Carretera Manu, USNMENT00875891); 47, E. dreisbachi (Guatemala: Huehuetenango, San Idelfonso Ixtahuacan, USNMENT00671469); 48, E. pereirai Savaris & Norrbom (Brazil: Bahia, Palmeiras, USNMENT00262504); 49, E. rionegrensis Savaris & Norrbom (Colombia: Antioquia, Rionegro, USNMENT00262578). Scale bar = 0.10 mm.

FIGURES 50‒55. Male terminalia (glans and phallus, lateral): 50, E. abstersus (USA: New Jersey, Atlantic City, USNMENT00262604); 51, E. acutangulus (Mexico: Baja California, USNMENT00262606); 52, E. bimaculatus Savaris & Norrbom (Peru: Cusco, Carretera Manu, USNMENT00875891); 53, E. dreisbachi (Guatemala: Huehuetenango, San Idelfonso Ixtahuacan, USNMENT00671469); 54, E. pereirai Savaris & Norrbom (Brazil: Bahia, Palmeiras, USNMENT00262504); 55, E. rionegrensis Savaris & Norrbom (Colombia: Antioquia, Rionegro, USNMENT00262578). Scale bar = 0.10 mm.