Eschweilera tetrapetala, S. A. Mori, 1981

Huang, Ya-Yi, Mori, Scott A. & Kelly, Lawrence M., 2015, Toward a phylogenetic-based Generic Classification of Neotropical Lecythidaceae- I. Status of Bertholletia, Corythophora, Eschweilera and Lecythis, Phytotaxa 203 (2), pp. 85-121 : 107-108

Eschweilera tetrapetala clade (100% BS; Figs. 2B , 13 )

This small clade consists of three sampled species ( E. alvimii S. A. Mori [1981: 469] , E. tetrapetala , and E. nana and three additional species ( E. complanata S. A. Mori [1995: 16] , E. compressa ( Vellozo 1829: 222) Miers [1874: 248] , and E. mattos-silvae S. A. Mori [1995: 22] ) and several unnamed species that were not included in this study. Eschweilera alvimii and E. tetrapetala were included in Eschweilera section Tetrapetala (Mori, 1990) and Eschweilera nana was included in Eschweilera section Eschweilera by Mori & Prance (1990). Eschweilera nana has a wide distribution in the Brazilian cerrado but the other species have narrow distributions and are endemic to the coastal forests of eastern Brazil ( Huang, 2010).

Synapomorphies of this clade include the presence of squamae on the inflorescence rachises ( Fig. 3B ; character 12) and appendages on both the interior and exterior surfaces instead of only on the exterior surface of the single androecial hood coil (character 29; Fig. A, C). The latter character is unique to this clade. The monophyly of Section Tetrapetala in the present study is congruent with Huang et al. (2011). In addition, species of the E. tetrapetala clade have a single androecial hood coil, a two-locular ovary (character 39; Fig. 13B ), and a basal aril (characters 47, 48; Fig. 13E ).

Figures

FIGURE 2A. Strict consensus of 66 most parsimonious (MP) trees based on total evidence. Bootstrap values (>50%) are given above the branches.All clades in this figure are part of the Bertholletia clade. The Lecythis pisonis, L. ollaria, Bertholletia excelsa, L. poiteaui, and Corythophora clades of the Bertholletia clade are shown.

FIGURE 3A. One of 66 most parsimonious trees based on total evidence (L = 6134, CI = 0.35, RI = 0.76). Morphological characters are optimized onto the tree using the unambiguous option of Winclada. Supporting characters are shown on branches. White ellipses are homoplasious and black ellipses are non-homoplasious characters.All clades in this figure are part of the Bertholletia clade. The Lecythis pisonis, L. ollaria, Bertholletia excelsa, L. poiteaui, and Corythophora clades are shown.

FIGURE 13. The E. tetrapetala clade.A–B. E. tetrapetala (see Fig. 63 in Mori & Prance, 1990 for vouchers), C. E. alvimii (see Fig. 65 in Mori & Prance, 1990 for vouchers). D–E. E. nana (see Fig.8 in Prance & Mori, 1991 for vouchers).A. Medial section of androecium. Note that the androecial hood has a single coil and that there are vestigial stamens on both the exterior and interior of the coil, a feature unique to all species of this clade. B. Cross-section of 2-locular ovary, a feature common to all species of this clade. C. Medial section of androecium of E. alvimii. D. Fruit base and operculum. Note that the operculum lacks a columella. E. Seeds with basal arils. Drawings by B. Angell.