Tabernaemontana divaricata ( Linnaeus 1753:209 ) R. Brown ex Roemer & Schultes

Alvarado-Cárdenas, Leonardo O., Lozada-Pérez, Lucio, Cadena, Joselin, Hernández, Sofia Islas-, Martínez-González, C. Ramiro, Cortez, Ericka B., González- Martínez, César A. & González-Ramírez, Ixchel S., 2019, The triad of knowledge: Systematic, diversity and conservation status of the Mexican species of Tabernaemontana (Apocynaceae; Rauvolfioideae: tribe Tabernaemontaneae), Phytotaxa 388 (1), pp. 1-46 : 22-23

6. Tabernaemontana divaricata ( Linnaeus 1753:209) R. Brown ex Roemer & Schultes in Roemer & Schultes (1819:427). Nerium divaricatum L. ≡ Ervatamia divaricata (L.) Burkill (1925:320). ( Fig. 1 ).

Lectotype (designated by Leeuwenberg 1984:11):— SRI LANKA. Without locality, P. Hermann 109 ( P 238674 !).

= Nerium coronarium Jacquin (1781:5) . ≡ Tabernaemontana coronaria (Jacq.) Willdenow (1809:27) . Ervatamia coronaria (Jacq.) Stapf (1902:127) . Type:— AUSTRIA Vienna, Hortus Schoenbrunn, Jacquin s.n. (holotype W).

= Tabernaemontana discolor Swartz (1788:52) . ≡ Taberna discolor (Swartz) Miers (1878:62) . Type:— JAMAICA. Without locality, O.P. Swartz s.n. (holotype S S-R-6042!, isotypes C 10005883!, LD 1262985, M 0183437!, P, S 11-13691!, S 11-13692!).

Tabernaemontana cumingiana De Candolle (1844:373) . ≡ Ervatamia cumingiana (A. DC.) Markgraf (1935:547) . Type:—PHILIPPINE,. Luzon, Laguna Providence, 1841, Hugh Cuming 604 (holotype G 00169877!, isotypes A 00093139!, AWH, BM 000997999!, CGE, E 00288650!, E 00288651, FI 003973!, FL-W, FR 0031990!, G 00169878!, G 00191653!, G 00169876!, GOET 005753!, K 000857464!, L 0004738, L 0004739, M 0183553!, MEL, MO 022216!, NY 00318402!, NY 00318403!, P 00495910!, P 00495911!, OXE, UPS, W.

= Ervatamia flabelliformis Tsiang (1963:248) . ≡ Tabernaemontana flabelliformis (Tsiang) Li (1986:170) . Type:— CHINA. Yunnan, Zhenkang, in thickets, 1600 m, April 1936, C.W. Wang 72751 (holotype IBSC, isotype A 00078707!).

Treelets or shrubs 1–3 m tall. Petioles 0.4–2 cm long; blades 4–13 × 2–6 cm, subcoriaceous, obovate to elliptic, base cuneate, apex short apiculate or acuminate, glabrous on both sides. Inflorescence 3–5 flowers, peduncle 1–6 cm long; bracts 1–3 mm long, ovate, scarious; pedicels 0.8–2.5 cm long; sepals equal to subequal, 3–4 mm long, ovate, obtuse, inconspicuous venation; corolla hypocrateriform, white, tube 1.7–2.5 × 0.4–0.6 cm, not twisted around the anthers, staminal ridges absent, suprastaminal corona absent, lobes usually doubled, 1.5–3 × 1–1.5 cm, obovate; stamens inserted above the middle of the corolla tube, anthers 4–6 mm long, included, yellow, usually atrophied; pistil 7–9 mm long, sometimes atrophied, nectary absent. Follicles not seen.

Habitat and phenology:— Species cultivated from 0 to 1000 m a.s.l., flowering nearly all year.

Distribution: —Species native to Asia, but widely cultivated in the tropics of the world. In Mexico, in the states of Campeche, Chiapas, Guerrero, Michoacán, Morelos, Nayarit, Oaxaca, Quintana Roo, Tabasco, Veracruz and Yucatan.

Conservation status: —Not included in the evaluation.

Common names and uses: —“ceiba” (Guerrero), “jazmín de la India ” (Guerrero, Tabasco, Yucatán), “bertha” (Michoacán), “jazmín blanco” (Veracruz), “clavel”, “clavel de la India ” (Yucatan). This species is used as ornamental in all the states of collection. Also known in Yucatan for its medicinal uses.

Figures

FIGURE 1. Selected species of Tabernaemontana in Mexico. a Flowers of T. alba. b Flowers of T.arborea. c Fruit of T. arborea. d Flower of T. citrifolia. e–f. Flower of T. donnell–smithii. g Fruit of T. donnell–smithii. h Flowers of T. divaricata. i Flower of T. glabra. j Fruit of T. glabra. k Flowers of T. hannae. l Flowers of T. ochoterenae. m Flower of T. litoralis. n Fruit of T. litoralis. o Flowers of T. tomentosa. Photographs of Francisco Morales (d), and César González (l).