Epistrophe griseofasciata ( Matsumura, 1918 )

Kim, Chan-Ouk, Hwang, Seul-Ma-Ro & Han, Hak-Seon Lee and Ho-Yeon, 2022, Ten species of the tribe Syrphini (Insecta: Diptera: Syrphidae) newly recorded in Korea, Journal of Species Research 11 (3), pp. 208-237 : 215-218

4. Epistrophe griseofasciata ( Matsumura, 1918)

šģHqỵỄOi (ljḑ) ( Figs. 2A- E , 5A- D )

Eristalosyrphus griseofasciatus Matsumura, 1918: 15 (type locality - Japan, Hokkaido, Sapporo ; holotype $, NIAES).

Syrphus orientalis Hervé-Bazin, 1914: 400 (type locality - Japan, Tochigi, Chuzenji; holotype ♂, MNHNP); Shiraki, 1930: 361 (East Asian distribution with redescription).

Syrphus angustifasciatus Violovitsh, 1956: 744 (type locality - Russia, Kuril Islands; holotype ♂, ZISP); Violovitsh, 1983: 44 (in Siberian key).

Epistrophe betasyrphoides Thompson, 1980: 513 (n. comb. from Syrphus , new name for Syrphus orientalis Hervé-Bazin, 1914 - invalid); Peck, 1988: 19 (in Palaearctic catalog); Ȏhara, 1989: 783 (in Japanese checklist); Ȏhara, 2014: 468 (in Japanese catalog).

Epistrophe angustifasciata : Hippa, 1968: 24 (n. comb. from Syrphus , redescription); Peck, 1988: 19 (in Palaearctic catalog).

Epistrophe griseofasciata : Peck, 1988: 20 (in Palaearctic catalog); Ȏhara, 1989: 783 (in Japanese checklist); Huang et al., 1996: 142 (in Chinese checklist); Mutin and Barkalov, 1999: 382 (in Russian Far East key); Hua, 2006: 73 (in Chinese checklist); Huang and Cheng, 2012: 183 (redescription); Ȏhara, 2014: 468 (in Japanese catalog); Barkalov and Mutin, 2018: 495 (in Russian checklist); Huo in Yang et al., 2020: 153 (in Chinese catalog).

Diagnosis. Epistrophe griseofasciata can be readily distinguished from Korean congeners by the following combination of characteristics: 1) face with brownish-black vertical facial stripe ( Fig. 2C ); 2) gena brownish yellow to yellow ( Fig. 2B, E ); 3) pterostigma entirely dark brown ( Fig. 2B, D ); 4) abdominal tergites 2-4 each with narrow brownish yellow to grey transverse band ( Fig. 2A, D ); and 5) basiphallus with 2 pairs of pointed ventral processes, each process basally significantly widened in ventral view ( Fig. 5 C-a, b, D).

Description of Korean material. Male. Lengths and ratios: body length 11.8-12.8 mm; wing length 10.1- 11.5 mm; head ratio 0.69-0.73; face ratio 0.52-0.56; eye ratio 0.49-0.53; gena-eye ratio 0.09-0.16; antenna-head ratio 0.42-0.45; postpedicel-pedicel ratio 2.00-2.18; arista-antenna ratio 1.02-1.13; wing ratio 3.48-3.78; wing-thorax ratio 2.24-2.35; vein M ratio 1.82-2.18; vein R 4+5 ratio 3.25-3.55. Head holoptic with eye contiguity slightly shorter than vertical triangle ( Fig. 2A ); compound eye dark brown with slight purplish tinge, bare ( Fig. 2C ); vertex black largely with slightly wavy black hairs, except for posterior margin with brownish yellow hairs; frons black, about posterior half with yellowish pruinosity, and with wavy black hairs ( Fig. 2A, C ); lunule black, bare (sometimes with brown medial and lateral margins); antenna brownish black to black ( Fig. 2C ); face largely brownish yellow ground color with yellowish-grey pruinosity, largely with brownish yellow hairs, sparsely mixed with some black hairs, and with brownish-black vertical facial stripe from lower facial anterior margin up to area below antennal sockets, about 0.3 × as wide as facial width ( Fig. 2C ); facial knob rounded, almost bare; gena brownish yellow to yellow with greyish pruinosity, with brownish-yellow hairs ( Fig. 2B ). Thorax largely blackish with yellowish-grey pruinosity, with wavy brownish-yellow hairs ( Fig. 2A ); scutum with longitudinal subshiny yellowish-grey to grey pruinose stripes on paramedial and latero-marginal areas, connected postero-marginally (detectable in better prepared specimens); medial scutal area with pair of longitudinal greyish pruinose stripes (can be observed under appropriate lighting), interrupted at anterior 3/5-2/3; scutellum largley brownish yellow except for brownish black baso-ventral corners, largely with black hairs but anterior to lateral side with brownish yellow hairs (some long hairs wavy); pleura blackish, mostly with yellowish grey to grey pruinosity ( Fig. 2B ); anterior anepisternum, anterior 1/3 of posterior anepisternum, dorsomedial anepimeron, posterior anepimeron, meron, anatergite, mediotergite and metasternum bare; katepisternum with upper and lower wavy brownish-yellow hair patches, narrowly connected on posteri- or margin; halter with stem pale brown to yellow, knob brownish yellow to yellow. Legs with coxae and trochanters brownish black to dark brown (sometimes with partially brown apex), and with brownish-yellow and black hairs ( Fig. 2B ); femora basally brownish black, apically brownish yellow, largely with wavy brownish yellow hairs, but mixed with some black hairs; fore and mid tibiae largely brownish yellow, apically slightly darkened, with short brownish yellow hairs; hind tibia about basal half brownish yellow, about apical half brownish black to dark brown, largely with short black hairs but ventrally with brownish-yellow hairs; fore and mid tarsi dorsally pale brown to dark brown, ventrally brown, with short brownish-yellow hairs (sometimes a few short black hairs sparsely mixed); hind tarsus dorsally brownish black to dark brown with short black hairs, ventrally pale brown to dark brown with short brownish-yellow hairs. Wing largely hyaline with brownish tinge ( Fig. 2B ); veins brownish yellow to brownish black; pterostigma dark brown; cell sc before pterostigma brownish; wing membrane entirely microtrichose; upper and lower calypters brown to dark brown with long brownish-yellow to brown marginal hairs. Abdominal tergites unmargined, black ground color with wavy brownish-yellow and black hairs (wave getting weaker towards apex) ( Fig. 2A ); tergite 1 subshiny black; tergites 2-4 each with greyish pruinose brownish transverse band (tergite 2 medially, and tergites 3 and 4 subanteriorly), bands separated from lateral margins, band on tergite 2 distinctly narrower than other two bands; tergite 5 entirely black; sternite 1 anteriorly brownish black with wavy brownish-yellow hairs, posteriorly pale yellow and bare (occasionally almost entirely brownish black except for yellowish posterior margin); sternite 2 anterior 1/4-1/2 pale yellow, posterior 3/4-1/2 brownish black except for pale yellow posterior margin, largely with wavy brownish-yellow hairs but posteriorly mixed with a few black hairs (sometimes only with wavy brownish-yellow hairs); sternite 3 anterior 1/5-1/3 pale yellow, posterior 4/5-2/3 brownish black except for pale yellow posterior margin, anteriorly with wavy brownish-yellow hairs, posteriorly largely with wavy black and short black hairs mixed approximately at 1: 1 ratio, but posteo-laterally mixed with some wavy brownish yellow hairs; sternite 4 anterior 1/8-1/4 pale yellow, posterior 7/8-3/4 brownish black except for pale yellow posterior margin, largely with wavy black and shorter black hairs mixed approximately at 1: 1 ratio, but anterior to lateral margins mixed with some brownish-yellow hairs; sternites 5-8 brownish black with black hairs (occasionally a few brownish-yellow hairs mixed). Male genitalia ( Fig. 5A- D ) with epandrium as long as height in lateral view ( Fig. 5B ); surstylus relatively short, slightly longer than width in caudal view (middle width about 4/5 of length when oriented to show broadest area) ( Fig. 5A ), slightly curved anteriorly with rounded apex in lateral view, basally with long brownish-yellow hairs, apically with short hairs ( Fig. 5B ); hypandrium with slightly up-curved lingula ( Fig. 5B ); lateral protuberance of hypandrium about 2 × as long as lingula, with slightly down-curved and rounded apex; distiphallus apically widened as trumpet shape in lateral view ( Fig. 5C ); about apico-ventral 4/5 of distiphallus densely with short spiny hairs; basiphallus with 2 pairs of pointed ventral processes ( Fig. 5 C-a, -b, D), each process basally significantly widened in ventral view ( Fig. 5D ). Female. Similar to male except for the following characteristics. Lengths and ratios: body length 11.4-13.8 mm; wing length 10.1-12.1 mm; head ratio 0.64-0.74; face ratio 0.51-0.54; eye ratio 0.45-0.53; gena-eye ratio 0.13- 0.16; antenna-head ratio 0.46-0.53; postpedicel-pedicel ratio 2.38-2.50; arista-antenna ratio 1.02-1.11; wing ratio 3.46-3.53; wing-thorax ratio 2.31-2.46; vein M ratio 1.61-2.18; vein R 4+5 ratio 2.71-3.43. Head dichoptic with vertex about 0.17 × as wide as head in dorsal view ( Fig. 2D ); lateral margins of frons heavily with yellowish grey to grey pruinosity, each of about 1/2 of shortest width of frons, except for median and posterior 1/3 areas. Thorax ( Fig. 2D ): scutal pruinose stripes with more bluish tinge. Abdominal tergites: transverse bands on tergites 2-4 slightly narrower than that of male ( Fig. 2A vs. D); sternite 3 posteriorly only with short black hairs; hairs on sternite 4 unwavy.

Material examined. KOREA: Chungcheongnam-do: Seosan-si, Daesan-eup, Daesan-ri, Mt. Mangilsan, 13.V.2009, H.-Y. Han, 1♂; Gangwon-do: Hoengseong-gun, Dunnae-myeon, Sapgyo-ri, Mt. Cheongtaesan, N37°30 ʹ 40 ʺ E128°18 ʹ 01 ʺ, 20.IX.2003, D.-S. Choi et al., 1$; Hongcheon-gun, Nae-myeon, Gwangwon-ri, Woldoon-gol, N37°50 ʹ 52 ʺ E128°25 ʹ 24 ʺ, 15.IX.2017, S.-S. Euo, C.-O. Kim, J.-H. Choi, 1$; ditto, 16.IX.2017, S.- S. Euo, C.-O. Kim, J.-H. Choi, 1♂, 2$(1$ in KNA); Hongcheon-gun, Nae-myeon, Mt. Gyebangsan, Unduryeong, N37°43 ʹ 41 ʺ E128°27 ʹ 55 ʺ, 25.VIII.2002, H.- W. Byun, O.-Y. Lim, 2♂; Inje-gun, Girin-myeon, Seo-ri, Mt. Maebongsan, N37°56 ʹ 43.1 ʺ E128°13 ʹ 40 ʺ, 4.X.2018, S.-S. Euo, C.-O. Kim, J.-H. Choi, 1$; Jeongseon-gun, Gohan-eup, Mt. Hambaeksan, Manhang-jae, N37°8 ʹ 53 ʺ E128°54 ʹ 14 ʺ, 27.IX.2006, H.-W. Byun, H.-S. Lee, 1$; Jeongseon-gun, Nam-myeon, Yupyeong-ri, Mt. Mindungsan, N37°16 ʹ 10 ʺ E128°46 ʹ 49 ʺ, 18.VIII.2001, D.-S. Choi et al., 1♂; ditto, 2.IX.2009, S.-W. Suk, Y.-B. Lee, 1♂; ditto, 15.IX.2013, H.-Y. Han et al., 1♂ ( NIBR); Pyeongchang-gun, Jinbu-myeon, Jangjeon Valley, N37°27 ʹ 59.2 ʺ E128°32 ʹ 18.7 ʺ, 5.VI.2019, S.-S. Euo, C.-O. Kim, J.-H. Choi, 1♂; ditto, 26.IX.2021, S.-S. Euo, C.-O. Kim, 1$; Wonju-si, Heungeop-myeon, Maeji-ri, Hwae-chon, 7.IX.1997, H.-Y. Han, 1♂; Wonju-si, Heungeop-myeon, Maeji-ri, Yonsei Univ. Mirae Campus, N37°17 ʹ 10 ʺ E127°54 ʹ 01 ʺ, 6.X.2016, S.-S. Euo, 1$; Wonju-si, Panbu-myeon, Seogok-ri, Mt. Baegunsan, N37°14 ʹ 59 ʺ E127°57 ʹ 46 ʺ, 7.VII.1999, H.-Y. Han et al., 2♂; ditto, 2.VIII.2000, D.-S. Choi et al., 1♂; ditto, 17.V.2006, D.-S. Choi, H.-W. Byun, 1♂; ditto, 17.V.2011, S.-W. Suk et al., 1♂, 1$; ditto, 14.V.2016, S.-S. Euo, C.-O. Kim, 1♂; ditto, 1.IX.2017, S.-S. Euo, C.-O. Kim, J.-H. Choi, 17♂ (1♂ in KNA); ditto, 23. VI.2017, C.-O. Kim, J.-H. Choi, 35♂ (2♂ in KNA; 1♂ in NIBR); ditto, 27.VI.2017, S.-S. Euo, C.-O. Kim, J.-H. Choi, 5♂; ditto, 13.VI.2018, C.-O. Kim, J.-H. Choi, 6♂ (1♂ in KNA); Gyeongsangnam-do: Uiryeong-gun, Chil- gok-myeon, Naejo-ri, Mt. Jagulsan, N35°22 ʹ 38 ʺ E128° 12 ʹ 13 ʺ, 15.IX.2016, W.-R. Ha, 1♂.

Distribution. Japan, Korea, Russia, widespread in Europe.

Biology. Matsumura (1918) collected this species on the leaves of Abies sachalinensis (F. Schmidt) feeding on the juices secreted by an aphid species, Mindarus abietinus Koch, 1857 . In Korea, its flight period extends from May to October with the peak in June. Male flies have been often observed while hovering over mountain tops. On the other hand, females have been often observed visiting flowers of Apiaceae spp.

Remarks. The examined Korean specimens agree well with the female holotype in NIAES. The male genitalia of the Korean specimens agree well with those provided by Violovitsh (1983; as E. angustifasciata ). The new Korean name of this species refers to its dark coloration.

Figures

Fig. 2. A-E. Epistrophe griseofasciata (Matsumura, 1918): (A, B) male body, dorsal and lateral view; (C) male head, frontal view; (D, E) female body, dorsal and lateral view. F-J. Epistrophe sasayamana (Matsumura, 1918):(F, H) male body, dorsal and lateral view; (G) male head, frontal view; (I, J) female body, dorsal and lateral view. K-O. Epistrophe shibakawae (Matsumura, 1917): (K, M) male body, dorsal and lateral view;(L) male abdomen, ventral view;(N, O) female body, dorsal and lateral view. Voucher specimen codes:A-C - EpiGri_M6; D, E - EpiGri_F2; F-H - EpiSas_M1; I, J - EpiSas_F1; K, M - EpiShi_M1; L - EpiShi_M4; N, O - EpiShi_F1.

Fig. 5. Male genitalia. A-D. Epistrophe griseofasciata (Matsumura, 1918): (A) caudal view; (B) lateral view; (C) aedeagus, lateral view; (D) basiphallic ventral processes, ventral view. E-H. Epistrophe sasayamana (Matsumura, 1918): (E) caudal view; (F) lateral view; (G) aedeagus, lateral view; (H) basiphallic ventral processes, ventral view. I-L. Epistrophe shibakawae (Matsumura, 1917): (I) caudal view; (J) lateral view;(K) aedeagus, lateral view;(L) basiphallic ventral processes, ventral view. Scale bars: 0.3 mm. Voucher specimen codes:A-D - EpiGri_M8; E-H - EpiSas_M5; I-L - EpiShi_M4.