Entomobrya bahiana Bellini & Cipola

Bellini, Bruno C., Cipola, Nikolas G. & Godeiro, Nerivânia N., 2015, New species of Lepidocyrtus Bourlet and Entomobrya Rondani (Collembola: Entomobryoidea: Entomobryidae) from Brazil, Zootaxa 4027 (2), pp. 227-242 : 234-240

Entomobrya bahiana Bellini & Cipola sp. nov.

Figs 22–39, Table 2

Type material. Holotype male on slide, Brazil, Bahia State, Chapada Diamantina National Park, Abaira municipality, Catolés de Cima village, Pico do Barbado (13°17'40"S; 41°54'30"W), Caatinga Domain, 28.iii.2008. Bellini, B.C. & A.S. Ferreira coll. Paratypes 1 male and 1 female on slides, plus one adult on 70% ethanol, same data as Holotype. Type material deposited at Collembola Collection of DBEZ / UFRN.

Description. Total length (head + trunk) of holotype 1.32 mm. Habitus typical entomobryoid ( Fig. 22). Specimens in alcohol with dark blue pigment covering almost all body, with exception of head, most of Th. II, anterior Abd. IV, all tibiotarsi and distal furcula ( Fig. 22). Body and appendages without scales.

Head. Antennae shorter than body ( Fig. 22). Ant. IV not annulated or subdivided, with a single apically rounded apical bulb, with ciliate normal chaetae, two types of smooth chaetae (small and normal) and some blunt schaetae ( Fig. 23 ). Ant. III sense organ as in Fig. 24 , with 2 rods and 3 surrounding guard sensilla; different types of apical chaetae in Ant. III as in Fig. 24 . Eyes 8+8, lenses A to F well developed, lenses G and H smaller; eyepatch valley with 4 chaetae (s, q, t as ciliate mesochaetae; p as macrochaeta) ( Fig. 25 ). Dorsal chaetotaxy as in Fig. 32 , with 5 pre-antennal macrochaetae (An series); 4 anterior macrochaetae (A0, A2, A3 and A5); 3 or 4 medio-ocellar macrochaetae (M2-4 always present, M1 present or absent); 6 sutural macrochaetae (S0, S1, S4, S 4i, S5 and S 5i); 3 post-sutural macrochaetae (Ps2, Ps3 and Ps5); 2 post-occipital internal macrochaetae (Pi1 and Pi2); 5 postoccipital anterior chaetae (Pa1, Pa3’, Pa3 and Pa5 as macrochaetae; Pa6 as post-ocular bothriotrichum); 4 postoccipital medial macrochaetae (Pm1, Pm3, Pm5 and Pm6); 3 post-occipital posterior macrochaetae (Pp1–3); Pp1e and Pe3 macrochaetae present, posterior to Pp series. Prelabral and labral chaetae smooth and simple (not bifurcate). Labral papillae as in Fig. 26 , without spine-like lateral structures. Labial region as in Fig. 27 . Maxillary palp with apical and basal appendages smooth, subequal in size; sublobal plate with 3 smooth appendages. Labial palp papilla E with 4 appendages, lateral process apex acuminate. Five proximal chaetae of labial palp smooth; Labial triangle chaetae: M, R, E, L1 and L2 ciliate; R not reduced, but smaller than M and E; A1–5 smooth. All post labial chaetae ciliate.

Thorax. Mesothorax normal, not strongly projecting forward or in a hood shape. Chaetotaxy of Th. II as in Fig. 33 , with 1 anterior macrochaeta (a5), excluding anterior chaetal collar; 5 medial macrochaetae (m1, m2, m 2i 2, m 4i, m4); and 13 posterior macrochaetae (p1, p1p, p1a, p2, p2a, p2e, p3, p4, p 4i, p5, p5pi, p6, p6e); one accessory sensillum near p6e. Chaetotaxy of Th. III as in Fig. 34 , with 9 anterior macrochaetae (a1–6 and a 6i); 5 medial macrochaetae (m5, m 5i, m6, m6e and m7); and 14 posterior macrochaetae (p1–6, p 1i 2, p 1i, p1a, p 2i, p2a, p 4i, p4p and p5pi); one accessory sensillum near m6 and other near m7.

Abdomen. Abd. IV more than twice the length (in the midline) of Abd. III ( Fig. 22). Chaetotaxy of Abd. I as in Fig. 35 , with 1 anterior macrochaeta (a2); and 7 medial macrochaetae (m2–6, m4ip and m6e) plus two unnamed chaetae (?); one microsensillum and one sensillum near m5. Chaetotaxy of Abd. II as in Fig. 36 , with 4 anterior chaetae (a2, a6 and a6e? as macrochaetae; a5 as bothriotrichum); 5 medial chaetae (m2 as bothriotrichum; m3, m3ea, m5 and m6 as macrochaetae) plus 1 unnamed macrochaeta; and 2 posterior macrochaetae (p5 and p6); el macrochaeta present. Chaetotaxy of Abd. III as in Fig. 37 , with 4 anterior chaetae (a1, a6 and a7? as macrochaetae; a5 as bothriotrichum), plus am6 macrochaeta; 3 medial chaetae (m2 and m5 as bothriotricha; m3 as macrochaeta), plus pm6 macrochaeta; and 2 posterior macrochaetae (p6 and p7); el macrochaeta present; one accessory sensillum near m2. Chaetotaxy of Abd. IV as in Fig. 38 , with 2 macrochaetae in Ai series (Ai1 and Ai2); 5 macrochaetae in A series (A3–6 and A3p); 3 macrochaetae in Ae series (Ae5, Ae5p and Ae7); 6 macrochaetae in B series (B1–6), plus Be3 macrochaeta; 3 macrochaetae in C series (C1, C2a and C3); 6 chaetae in T series (T1, T5–7 as macrochaetae; T2 and T4 as bothriotricha); 4 macrochaetae in D series (D1–3 and D2a?); 3 macrochaetae in E series (E1–3); 4 macrochaetae in F series (F1–3 and F1a?); and 4 macrochaetae of uncertain homology (?); five long sensilla present near A series. Chaetotaxy of Abd. V as in Fig. 39 , with 2 anterior macrochaetae (a1 and a5); 3 medial macrochaetae (m2, m3 and m5); and 5 posterior macrochaetae (p1, p3, p4, p5 and pap6).

Legs, Ventral Tube and Furcula. Trochanteral organ well developed, with approximately 15 small spine-like chaetae ( Fig. 28 ). Hind empodial complex as in Fig. 29 , tenent-hair smooth and spatulate, similar in length to unguis; unguis with 4 inner teeth, basal pair larger than the unpaired teeth; external teeth inserted apically in the outer edge of unguis; unguiculus acuminate, with smooth margins. Smooth posterior-distal chaeta on hind tibiotarsus present. Ventral tube with 9+9 anterior ciliate chaetae; lateral flaps with 8+8 smooth chaetae. Manubrium ventral chaetotaxy with slightly ciliate chaetae, 4+4 centrally displaced subapical chaetae ( Fig. 30 ); dens crenulate, without spines; mucro bidentate, with dental spine ( Fig. 31 ).

Etymology. The new species was named after its type locality. Bahiana in Portuguese refers to who is born in Bahia State.

Habitat. The new species was collected from Chapada Diamantina National Park, in southern region of Caatinga Phytogeographic Domain, at the peak of “Pico do Barbado ” (at approximately 2033 meters of altitude), directly from exposed granitic rocks, during the raining season. Several collections were made in the surrounding areas and Entomobrya bahiana sp. nov. was not found in any other locality.

Remarks. In the abdominal chaetotaxy, we considered as macrochaetae some large ciliate chaetae without broadened curved tips (sensu Soto-Adames et al. 2008), but with similar sized alveoli when compared to typical macrochaetae.

Entomobrya bahiana sp. nov. is unique among the Neotropical species of the genus in the sum of the following characters: coloration (bluish without pigment over head, most of Th. II, anterior Abd. IV, tibiotarsi and distal furca), complexity of dorsal chaetotaxy, simple prelabral chaetae (not bifurcate), and lanceolate unguiculi ( Christiansen 1958, 1963, Arlé 1939, 1959, Arlé & Guimarães 1978, Soto-Adames 2002b). Regarding color pattern, the new species is somehow similar to other uniformly pigmented Neotropical species, like: E. ciliata Börner, 1907 , E. infuscata Handschin, 1927 , E. litigiosa Denis, 1931 , E. longiseta Soto-Adames, 2002b , E. violacea Thibaud & Najt, 1987 and E. wheeleri Folsom, 1921 , but differs from all of them in the absence of pigments over most of Th. II and part of Abd. IV ( Christiansen 1963, Soto-Adames 2002b). Concerning the dorsal chaetotaxy, Entomobrya bahiana sp. nov. presents few resemblances with E. longiseta and E. linda Soto-Adames, 2002b in the anterior half of head chaetotaxy (excepting the presence of S0 only in the new species) and partially in Abd. III, while differs in presenting a clearly more complex chaetotaxy in Th. II–III, Abd. II and IV ( Soto-Adames 2002b). A detailed comparison among the three species is presented in Table 2 .

Abbreviations used to represent characteristics: (-) absent; (+) present; (a) anterior; (m) medial; (p) posterior; (i) internal; (e) external.

Traditional Entomobrya taxonomy is based mostly in color pattern ( Christiansen 1958, 1963, Christiansen & Bellinger 1980). However, the analysis of detailed dorsal chaetotaxies shows several species with similar color pattern and very distinct number and disposition of body chaetae, as presented by Jordana & Baquero (2005). At the current time, no other Brazilian Entomobrya species was analyzed regarding its dorsal chaetotaxy, making it difficult to doubtless identify other species across the country. The review of the Brazilian (and part of the Neotropical) Entomobrya species is in need to elucidate past identifications and to guide new descriptions to come.

Entomobrya bahiana sp. nov. is the thirteenth species of the genus recorded to Brazil, along with E. aipatse Arlé, 1959 , E. ataquensis Arlé, 1959 , E. decora ( Nicolet, 1847) , E. egleri Arlé & Guimarães, 1978 , E. griseoolivata ( Packard, 1873) , E. inaequalis Denis, 1924 , E. nivalis ( Linnaeus, 1758) , E. paroara Arlé & Guimarães, 1978 , E. spectabilis Reuter, 1895 , E. tupiana Arlé, 1939 , E. uambae Arlé, 1959 and E. wasmanni Handschin, 1924 ( Abrantes et al. 2010, 2012).

Figures

FIGURE 32. Entomobrya bahiana sp. nov.: dorsal head chaetotaxy.

FIGURES 23 – 31. Entomobrya bahiana sp. nov.: 23, apex of Ant. IV; 24, Sense organ of Ant. III and associated chaetae and sensilla; 25, eyepatch (left side) and interocular chaetae; 26, labral papillae; 27, labial region; 28, trochanteral organ; 29, hind foot complex; 30, manubrium ventral chaetotaxy; 31, distal dens and mucro.

FIGURES 33 – 36. Entomobrya bahiana sp. nov.: 33, dorsal Th. II chaetotaxy; 34, dorsal Th. III chaetotaxy; 35, dorsal Abd. I chaetotaxy; 36, dorsal Abd. II chaetotaxy.

FIGURES 37 – 39. Entomobrya bahiana sp. nov.: 37, dorsal Abd. III chaetotaxy; 38, dorsal Abd. IV chaetotaxy; 39, dorsal Abd. V chaetotaxy.

Tables

TABLE 2. Comparison of species of Neotropical Entomobrya.

Species
Morphological features E. linda	E. longiseta	E. bahiana sp. nov.
S0 macrochaeta on head -	-	+
Posterior labial chaetotaxy MEL1–4	MEL1–4	MREL1L2
Th. II dorsal macrochaetae 0a+2m+4p	1a+1m+4p	1a+5m+13p
Th. III dorsal macrochaetae 2a+1m+4p	3a+1m+3p	9a+5m+14p
Abd. II dorsal macrochaetae 1i+2e	1i+1e	4i+7e
Abd. III dorsal macrochaetae 1i+2e	1i+2e	2i+8e
Abd. IV dorsal internal macrochaetae 10–11	2	22
Number of spines in trochanteral organ 9–11	7–9	15