Entoloma smurfetti Karstedt & Capelari

Karstedt, Fernanda, Bergemann, Sarah E., Gates, Genevieve, Ratkowsky, David, Cunha, Kelmer Martins & Capelari, Marina, 2024, Species of Entoloma (Entolomataceae) with cuboidal basidiospores from Brazil, Phytotaxa 654 (1), pp. 1-76 : 55-58

Entoloma smurfetti Karstedt & Capelari , sp. nov.

Figs. 26 , 27o–q , 36a–c

MB 838600

Etymology:—Refers to the sky blue color of the animated cartoon characters ‘The Smurfs’, being the same coloration as the basidiomes of the species.

Diagnosis:— Entoloma smurfetti is characterized by the combination of a sky blue pileus with a golden or ochraceous center partially covered by adpressed ochraceous fibrils, in addition to cheilocystidia that vary from cylindrical, clavate, fusoid to mucronate.

Type:— BRAZIL. Rio Grande Do Sul: Cambará do Sul, Serra Geral National Park , Pedra do Segredo Trail , 19 January 2011, F. Karstedt & D.C. Romão FK1741 (Holotype, SP) .

Description:— Pileus 10–45 mm diam., conical, broadly conical, with apex not differentiated, umbonate or cuspidate, not translucent-striate or sometimes right at the margin, sky blue, center golden, then brownish or ochre, slightly hygrophanous, surface adpressed-fibrillose to slightly so at the margin, center sometimes slightly fibrillose-squamulose, margin involute, irregular or serrulate. Pileus context thin and whitish. Lamellae adnate or sinuate, rarely ventricose (<5 mm at deepest part), blue, sky blue or pinkish blue, distant to crowded with lamellulae in three tiers, margins concolorous with faces, entire, lobed or irregular. Stipe 40–105 × 2–10 mm, cylindrical or slightly attenuated upwards, centrally attached, sky blue with whitish, silky fibrils, glabrous, longitudinally adpressed-fibrillose, fibrous, hollow, with white basal tomentum. Odor and taste indistinct. Spore print on the lamellae pink.

Basidiospores cuboidal with an obvious hilar appendix, excluding the projections 8.7–10(–11.2) × 8.7–11.2 µm [xm = 9.51 (± 0.74) × 10.1 (± 0.65) µm, Q = 1–1.14, Qm = 1.06 (± 0.07), n = 48/4], and diagonally 10–12.5 × 11.2– 12.5 µm [xm = 11.29 (± 0.7) × 11.96 (± 0.63) µm, Q = 1–1.25, Qm = 1.06 (± 0.07), n = 48/4], thin-walled. Basidia clavate, 37–56 × 10–14 µm (n = 31/3), hyaline or slightly straw yellow, thin-walled, 4-sterigmate. Cheilocystidia clavate, cylindro-clavate, fusoid or mucronate, 36–76 × 5–14 µm (n = 54/4), hyaline, with straw yellow or brownish intracellular pigment, thin-walled. Pleurocystidia absent. Pseudocystidia hyphoid, cylindrical or irregularly tortuose, sometimes branched, 2.5–5 µm diam. (n = 45/4), honey-colored or brown, refractive in ammonia solution, thin-walled. Lamellar trama formed by parallel, cylindrical or broadly cylindrical hyphae, 5–17(–26) µm diam. (n = 35/3), hyaline or straw yellow, thin-walled; hyphae of sub-hymenium branched. Pileitrama composed of radially arranged, cylindrical or inflated hyphae, 8.7–20 µm diam. (n = 20/2), hyaline, thin-walled. Pileipellis a cutis or a cutis in transition to a trichoderm, prostrate hyphae, cylindrical, 5–13 µm diam. (n = 52/4), with straw yellow or honey-colored intracellular pigment, thin-walled, terminal hyphae cylindrical with a rounded apex or, sometimes, cylindro-clavate, 31–150 × 7.5–14 µm diam. (n = 35/4), with straw yellow or honey-colored intracellular pigment, thin-walled. Stipitipellis a cutis, hyphae prostrate, 2.5–5 µm diam. (n = 10), cylindrical, with straw yellow intracellular pigment, thin-walled. Caulocystidia scattered, cylindro-clavate or clavate, 36–76 × 5–14 µm (n = 4), with straw yellow intracellular pigment, thin-walled. Clamp connections present in all tissues. Refractive hyphae pigmented, honey-colored or brown, the pigments sometimes coagulated, present in the trama of the lamellae and the pileus.

Habitat:—Solitary or gregarious in soil, in the Atlantic Forest biome.

Distribution:—Known so far from the states of Rio Grande do Sul, Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo.

Additional material examined:— BRAZIL. Rio De Janeiro: Petrópolis, Serra dos Órgãos National Park, Açu Trail , 9 January 2011, F. Karstedt et al. FK1709 (SP), FK1717 (SP) . São Paulo: Santo André, Paranapiacaba Biological Reserve, 14 November 2008, F. Karstedt FK1123a (SP); São Luiz de Paraitinga , Serra do Mar State Park , Núcleo Santa Virgínia , Pirapitinga Trail , 18 December 2013, R. M. Pires RP216 (SP) .

Comments:— Entoloma smurfetti could be confused in the field with E. azureoviride but the latter has a pileus with a smooth surface that turns green or ochre-green and the cheilocystidia are only clavate (Horak 1976a, analysis of the holotype in Karstedt & Capelari 2013).

Figures

FIGURE 26. Entoloma smurfetti: a. basidiospores (FK1741); b. basidia (FK1741); c. pseudocystidia (FK1741); d–e. cheilocystidia: d. FK1741; e. FK1717; f. caulocystidium (FK1741); g. pileipellis (FK1741). Scales: a–f: 10 µm, g: 20 µm.

FIGURE 27. Microphotography of basidiospores in electron microscopy: a–d. Entoloma luteobrunneum (FK1693). e–g. E. lycopersicum (TBGAG151); h–j. E. manausense (FK2083); k–n. E. neotropicale (FK2130); o–q. E smurfetti (FK1717). Scale: 5 µm.

FIGURE 36. Basidiomas: a–c. Entoloma smurfetti: a. FK1709; b. FK1717; c. FK1741; d–f. E. manausense: d. FK2066; e. FK2083; f. ACM500; g–h. E. paulense: g. FK0821; h. FK1151. Photos: a–e, g–h: F. Karstedt; f: A.C. Magnago. Scale: 1 cm.