Entoloma manausense Karstedt & Capelari

Karstedt, Fernanda, Bergemann, Sarah E., Gates, Genevieve, Ratkowsky, David, Cunha, Kelmer Martins & Capelari, Marina, 2024, Species of Entoloma (Entolomataceae) with cuboidal basidiospores from Brazil, Phytotaxa 654 (1), pp. 1-76 : 48-50

Entoloma manausense Karstedt & Capelari , sp. nov.

Figs. 21 , 27h–j , 36d–f

MB 838594

Etymology:— Manausense refers to the city of Manaus, the type locality of the species.

Diagnosis:— E. manausense is characterized by a distinctive olive-green basidiome with a squamulose surface.

Type :— BRAZIL. Amazonas : Manaus, Adolpho Ducke Forest Reserve, 28 June 2011, F. Karstedt et al. FK2066 (Holotype, INPA; isotype, SP) .

Description:— Pileus 23–42 mm diam., conical, broadly conical to applanate with umbo at center, pale olive-green, light ochraceous, olive-green with blue regions, umbo ochre olivaceous, sometimes radially striate, not translucent-striate, rarely hygrophanous, dry, center squamulose-fibrillose, margin adpressed-fibrillose; involute, entire, irregular or torn. Pileus context <2 mm thick, sky blue. Lamellae adnexed-sinuate, ventricose (<4.5 mm at deepest part), sky blue, with pink spots and greenish bruises, crowded with three tiers of lamellulae, margin concolorous with faces or whitish, entire or slightly irregular. Stipe 50–60 × 6–8 mm, slightly attenuated upwards, centrally attached or slightly eccentric, pale sky blue with greenish fibrils at the base and with greenish bruises, glabrous, longitudinally adpressed-fibrillose, slightly sulcate-striate, sometimes twisted, fibrous, hollow, with bluish basal tomentum. Odor and taste indistinct. Spore print on the lamellae pink.

Basidiospores cuboidal with an obvious hilar appendix, excluding the projections 7.5–8.7(–10) × 7.5–10 µm [xm = 8.32 (± 0.7) × 8.84 (± 0.71) µm, Q = 1–1.23(–1.33), Qm = 1.07 (± 0.098), n = 30/3] and diagonally (8.7–)10–11.25(– 12.5) × (8.7–)10–12.5 µm [xm = 10.29 (± 0.76) × 10.9 (± 0.88) µm, Q = 1–1.12(–1.25), Qm = 1.06 (± 0.07), n = 30/3], thin-walled. Basidia clavate, 37–56 × 8.7–14 µm (n = 21/2), hyaline, thin-walled, 2- or 4-sterigmate. Cheilocystidia clavate or cylindro-clavate, 35–75 × 8.7–14 µm (n = 30/3), hyaline or with straw yellow or yellow-brown intracellular pigment, thin-walled. Pleurocystidia absent. Pseudocystidia hyphoid, cylindrical or fusiform, sometimes branched, not exceeding the height of the hymenium, 2.5–5 µm diam. (n = 40/2), with yellowish brown intracellular pigment, rarely hyaline or straw yellow, thin-walled. Lamellar trama formed by parallel, cylindrical, broadly cylindrical or rarely fusoid hyphae, 3.7–16 µm diam. (n = 31/2), hyaline or with straw yellow intracellular pigment, thin-walled; sub-hymenium branched. Pileitrama composed of radially arranged, cylindrical or inflated hyphae, 3.7–19 (–22) µm diam. (n = 31/2), hyaline or with straw yellow intracellular pigment, sometimes yellowish brown or olivaceous brown, thin-walled. Pileipellis a cutis in transition to a trichoderm; prostrate hyphae, cylindrical, 3.7–10 µm diam. (n = 38/3), hyaline or with straw yellow, yellow-brown or olivaceous brown intracellular pigment, thin-walled; terminal hyphae cylindrical with a rounded apex or, sometimes, cylindro-clavate or slightly ventricose, 49–137 × 6.2–13 µm diam. (n = 43/3), hyaline or with straw yellow, yellow-brown or olivaceous brown intracellular pigment, thin-walled. Stipitipellis a cutis, hyphae prostrate, 2.5–8.7 µm diam. (n = 10), cylindrical, with straw yellow intracellular pigment, thin-walled. Caulocystidia absent. Clamp connections present in all tissues. Refractive hyphae present and pigmented, honey-colored or yellowish brown.

Habitat:—Solitary or slightly gregarious, on wood or, occasionally, in sandy soil with litter, in the Amazon Forest biome.

Distribution:—The states of Amazonas, São Paulo and Espirito Santo, Brazil.

Additional material examined:— BRAZIL. Amazonas: Manaus, Adolpho Ducke Forest Reserve , 29 June 2011, F. Karstedt et al. FK2083 ( INPA) . Espírito Santo: Santa Teresa, Augusto Ruschi Biological Reserve , 5 December 2012, A. E. Magnago ACM500 ( FLOR) . São Paulo: Santo André, Paranapiacaba Biological Reserve , 14 November 2008, F. Karstedt FK1114 (SP), F. Karstedt FK1123b (SP) .

Comments:— Entoloma manausense could be confused with E. azureoviride but that species has a pileus with a smooth surface that is blue initially then turns green. Entoloma manausense also differs macroscopically from E. smurfetti whose pileus has an ochraceous center and an adpressed-fibrillose surface. In contrast, E. manausense has a pileal surface covered with olive-green or ochre-olive fibrils, with a blue color below the fibrils being exposed when the material is old or when the pileal surface is eroded, for example, by rain. The collections FK1114 and FK1123b were published in Karstedt & Capelari (2013) as E. azureoviride ; however, a more thorough investigation applied here has enabled the differentiation of species using morphology and phylogenetic analysis.

Figures

FIGURE 21. Entoloma manausense: a–c. basidiospores: a. FK2066; b. FK2083; c. ACM500; d–e. basidia: d. FK2083; e. FK2066; f. pseudocystidia (FK2066); g. cheilocystidia (FK2066), h. pileipellis (FK2066). Scales: a–g: 10 µm, h: 20 µm.

FIGURE 27. Microphotography of basidiospores in electron microscopy: a–d. Entoloma luteobrunneum (FK1693). e–g. E. lycopersicum (TBGAG151); h–j. E. manausense (FK2083); k–n. E. neotropicale (FK2130); o–q. E smurfetti (FK1717). Scale: 5 µm.

FIGURE 36. Basidiomas: a–c. Entoloma smurfetti: a. FK1709; b. FK1717; c. FK1741; d–f. E. manausense: d. FK2066; e. FK2083; f. ACM500; g–h. E. paulense: g. FK0821; h. FK1151. Photos: a–e, g–h: F. Karstedt; f: A.C. Magnago. Scale: 1 cm.