Entoloma kamerunense (Bres.)

Karstedt, Fernanda, Bergemann, Sarah E., Gates, Genevieve, Ratkowsky, David, Cunha, Kelmer Martins & Capelari, Marina, 2024, Species of Entoloma (Entolomataceae) with cuboidal basidiospores from Brazil, Phytotaxa 654 (1), pp. 1-76 : 70-74

Entoloma kamerunense (Bres.) E. Horak, Sydowia 29(1-6): 292 (1977).

[≡ Nolanea kamerunensis Bres., Bull. Soc. Mycol. Fr. 6(1): 34 (1890); ≡ Rhodophyllus kamerunensis (Bres.) Singer, Lilloa 22: 618 (1951) [1949]; ≡ Inopilus kamerunensis (Bres.) Pegler, Kew Bull. Addit. Ser. 9: 347 (1983); ≡ Nolanea staurospora var. kamerunensis (Bres.) Singer, Collect. Botan. 1(3): 241 (1947)] Fig. 41

Description:— Pileus 13–30 mm diam., fleshy, conical-campanulate, brown (pale yellowish brown in alcohol) or chestnut brown, surface glabrous. Lamellae adnexed or almost free, ventricose, subdistant, reddish olivaceous yellow or pale pink; context pale yellow. Stipe 35–60 × 3–5 mm, cylindrical, centrally attached, yellowish or greyish, almost concolorous with the pileus, glabrous, smooth, fibrous, hollow, with whitish basal tomentum. Stipe context pale yellow. Odor and taste not observed. Spore print not observed.

Basidiospores cuboidal, lacking elongated angles, 4-angled when in profile, without the projections 8.7–10 × 8.7–10(–11.2) µm [xm = 9.15 (± 0.58) × 9.46 (± 0.61) µm, Q = 1–1.13, Qm = 1.03 (± 0.06), n = 60/3], with the projections 10–12.5 × 11.2–12.5 µm [xm = 11.29 (± 0.58) × 11.99 (± 0.59) µm, Q = 1–1.13, Qm = 1.06 (± 0.05), n = 50/3] and diagonally 11.2–13.7 × 11.2–13.7 µm [xm = 12.3 (± 0.7) × 12.3 (± 0.7) µm, Q = 1–1.1, Qm = 1.02 (± 0.04), n = 40/2], thin-walled. Basidia clavate, 41–60 × 10–14 µm (n = 14/2), hyaline, thin-walled, 4-sterigmate. Cheilocystidia, pleurocystidia and pseudocystidia not observed. Lamellar trama formed by parallel, cylindrical or sometimes inflated hyphae, 5–17.5 µm diam. (n = 18/2), hyaline, thin-walled, septa few; sub-hymenium branched. Pileitrama composed of radially-arranged hyphae, 5–29 µm diam. (n = 35/3), cylindrical, cylindro-clavate or irregular, hyaline or sometimes with a small amount of brown intracellular pigment, thin-walled, septa rare. Pileipellis a cutis formed by prostrate hyphae, 3.7–12.5 µm diam. (n = 28/3), hyaline or with brown intracellular pigment, coagulated, thin-walled, septa rare. Stipitipellis not observed. Clamp connections not observed. Refractive hyphae not observed.

Habitat:—Gregarious in soil; the material from Brazil was collected in the biome of the Atlantic Forest.

Distribution:—Described from Cameroon ( Bresadola 1890), cited for Madagascar (Romagnesi 1941), for Guadeloupe and Martinique (Pegler 1983), and for Brazil (Pegler 1997).

Material examined:— BRAZIL. São Paulo: Campos do Jordão , 27 January 1987, D.N. Pegler 3854 (K). CAMEROON. 1888, J. Braun (Holotype, S, F197366); J. Braun (S, F14412) .

Comments:—In the G. Bresadola collection deposited at the Stockholm Herbarium (S), two collections identified as Nolanea kamerunensis were found, and, according to Horak (1977), collection F197366 is the holotype composed of three basidiomes, two of which are nearly whole and the third with a somewhat fragmented cap and stem, both corresponding to the description and the illustration of the protologue ( Bresadola 1890).

Microscopic analysis of the three collections demonstrated that there are no cystidia of any type; that is in contrast with the descriptions by Pegler (1983), who described the presence of both cheilocystidia and pleurocystidia and who also (Pegler 1997, D.N. Pegler 3854) mentioned subcylindrical pleurocystidia measuring 40–80 µm in length. The duplicate of D.N. Pegler 3854 deposited in the herbarium SP is not a species within the Entolomataceae . The material possesses hyaline, subglobose basidiospores.

The absence of cystidia in the analyzed materials and a few other characteristics suggest that the material collected in São Paulo is conspecific to the Cameroon material, but the geographical distribution and the absence of a macroscopic description for the material collected in Brazil makes it impossible to confirm or refute the identification.

The attempts to obtain DNA sequences from our material were unsuccessful.

Identification key for species with cuboidal basidiospores from Brazil

1a. Basidiomes omphalinoid, pleurocystidia and cheilocystidia fusoid.......................................... subg. Cuboeccilia ( E. largentianum )

1b. Basidiomes mycenoid, collybioid or tricholomatoid, pleurocystidia absent, cheilocystidia absent or present (subg. Cubospora ) .... ............................................................................................................................................................................................................2

2a. Pileus color vinaceous, lilac or lilaceous brown ................................................................................................................................3

2b. Pileus color white, yellow, beige, orange, yellow-ochre, rusty red, brown-orange, brown, grey, blue or green ...............................6

3a. Pileus surface adpressed-fibrillose ....................................................................................................................................................4

3b. Pileus with fibrillose-squamulose center and glabrescent margin .....................................................................................................5

4a. Cystidia cylindrical to clavate ......................................................................................................................................... E. arenicola

4b. Cystidia cylindrical-tortuose, sinuose, fusoid-ventricose, ampuliform or fusoid-ampuliform ................................... E. gatesianum

5a. Basidiospores cuboidal without elongated angles or depressed faces............................................................. E. vinososquamulosum

5b. Basidiospores cuboidal with slightly elongated angles ............................................................................................ E. voltavelhense

6a. Basidiome entirely white or whitish ..................................................................................................................................................7

6b. Basidiome not entirely white or whitish, with pileus beige, yellow, orange, yellow-ochre, rusty red, brown-orange, brown, grey, blue or green ......................................................................................................................................................................................8

7a. Basidiome delicate with papillate pileus ...................................................................................................................... E. caribaeum

7b. Basidiome robust with slightly umbonate pileus ................................................................................................................ E. dennisii

8a. Pileus yellow, orange, ochre-yellow or rusty red, stipe concolorous. ................................................................................................9

8b. Pileus beige, ochre, orange-brown, brown, grey, blue or green, stipe concolorous or not...............................................................14

9a. Pileus opaque, adpressed-fibrillose .................................................................................................................................................10

9b. Pileus strongly translucent-striate and hygrophanous .....................................................................................................................11

10a. Pseudocystidia present ............................................................................................................................................ E. luteobrunneum

10b. Pseudocystidia absent ............................................................................................................................................................ E. capes

11a. Pileus convex to concave, not papillate ..................................................................................................................... E. lycopersicum

11b. Pileus conical, frequently papillate ..................................................................................................................................................12

12a. Basidiospores cuboidal without elongated angles ..................................................................................................... E. neotropicale

12b. Basidiospores cuboidal with elongated angles, resembling a star ...................................................................................................13

13a. Pileus rusty red or red ............................................................................................................................................. E. dragorufescens

13b. Pileus yellow to ochraceous yellow, less frequently ochre ........................................................................................ E. dragoluteum

14a. Pileus beige, ochre, orange-brown or brown....................................................................................................................................15

14b. Pileus grey, blue or green .................................................................................................................................................................24

15a. Pileus glabrous or slightly adpressed-fibrillose................................................................................................................................16

15b. Pileus strongly adpressed-fibrillose, adpressed-squamulose or fibrillose-squamulose ...................................................................22

16a. Pseudocystidia present .....................................................................................................................................................................17

16b. Pseudocystidia absent.......................................................................................................................................................................18

17a. Pileus viscid; pileus, lamellae and stipe with orange-brown or pinkish-orange colors, basidiospores with elongated angles ........... .................................................................................................................................................................................. E. viscaurantium

17b. Pileus dry; pileus ochre-brown, but lamellae and stipe white, basidiospores without elongated angles .................... E. amazonicum

18a. Basidiospores with angles not or slightly elongated, measuring up to 13 µm diagonally ...............................................................19

18b. Basidiospores with very elongated angles, measuring more than 16 µm diagonally.......................................................................21

19a. Pileus conical-expanded, without a papilla, pinkish brown ..................................................................................... E. mocamboense

19b. Pileus conical or conico-convex, with a small but distinct papilla, ochre .......................................................................................20

20a. Basidiospores without elongated angles, cuboidal .......................................................................................................... E. cervinum

20b. Basidiospores with elongated angles, resembling a star ............................................................................................. E. dragoluteum

21a. Pileus with a pronounced papilla and stipe up to 180 mm long............................................................................. E. dragonosporum

21b. Pileus papilla less pronounced than the above, stipe up to 88 mm long ................................................................................ E. tenue

22a. Pileus with coffee brown surface and beige to yellowish lamellae ...................................................................... E. luteolamellatum

22b. Pileus with beige to slightly brownish surface and beige to pink lamellae......................................................................................23

23a. Pileus strongly adpressed-fibrillose, basidiospores with angles slightly elongated ................................................. E. acutipallidum

23b. Pileus fibrillose-squamulose, basidiospores without elongated angles....................................................................... E. caxiuanense

24a. Pileus grey ....................................................................................................................................................................... E. fraternum

24b. Pileus blue or green .........................................................................................................................................................................25

25a. Pileus sky blue with yellowish or ochre center ................................................................................................................. E. smurfetti

25b. Pileus sky blue that turns olive-green or ochre-green ......................................................................................................................26

26a. Pileus sky blue with surface glabrous to slightly adpressed-fibrillose, the fibrillosity the same color as the pileus ......................27

26b. Pileus sky blue with surface obviously adpressed-fibrillose, fibrillose to velutinous-fibrillose, the fibrillosity olive green ............. ...................................................................................................................................................................................... E. manausense

27a. Basidiospores 8.7–11.2(–12.5) µm, cheilocystidia irregular, varying from clavate to ventricose ................................... E. paulense

27b. Basidiospores 6.2–8.7(–10) µm, cheilocystidia clavate or narrowly clavate.............................................................. E. azureoviride

Figures

FIGURE 41. Entoloma kamerunense (F197366): a. basidiospores; b. basidia. c–d. Entoloma sp. (Pegler 3854): c. basidiospores; d. basidia. Scale: 10 µm.