Doryphoribius longistipes, Bartels & Nelson & Kaczmarek & Michalczyk, 2008

Bartels, P. J., Nelson, D. R., Kaczmarek, Ł. & Michalczyk, Ł., 2008, Three new species and one new record of the genus Doryphoribius Pilato, 1969 (Tardigrada: Eutardigrada: Hypsibiidae) from the Great Smoky Mountains National Park (Tennessee, USA), Journal of Natural History 42 (41 - 42), pp. 2595-2608 : 2596-2606

Doryphoribius longistipes sp. nov.

( Figure 1 A–C)

Material examined

Holotype ATBI slide numbers 13apr03-08-50 ( USNM 1114530 ) and 2 paratypes ( ATBI slide numbers 13apr03-7-9, 13apr03-7-16): North America, USA, Tennessee, Blount County, Great Smoky Mountains National Park , stream periphyton . Holotype and 2 paratypes ( ATBI slide numbers 13apr03-08-50, 13apr03-7-9, 13apr03-7-16) from periphyton in a high-gradient section of Abram’s Creek upstream of limestone bedrock influences (35 ° 36.27261249N, 83 ° 46.30223239W, 520 m above sea level, 13 April 2003); leg. P.J. Bartels. A map indicating collecting sites is provided in Figure 5 .

Description (measurements of the holotype, USNM 1114530)

Body length 298.0 ( Figure 1A ). Body colour unknown, eyes present. Cuticle smooth. Mouth anteroventral. Bucco-pharyngeal apparatus of the Doryphoribius type: peribuccal lamellae and papulae absent, ventral lamina present ( Figure 1B ). Oral cavity armature absent or not visible in PCM/DIC. Buccal tube 30.2 long and 3.5 [11.6] (external) wide; 2.8 [9.3] (internal) wide. Ventral lamina 18.6 [61.6] long. At the end of the buccal tube, triangular pharyngeal apophyses present. Stylet supports inserted on buccal tube at 22.0 [72.8]. Pharyngeal bulb spherical (31.3X31.3) with three granular macroplacoids [length configuration 1(shortest)– 2(longer)–3(longest)]. Microplacoid and septulum absent. First macroplacoid, 2.3 [7.6] long; second 2.5 [8.3] long; and third 3.0 [9.9] long. Macroplacoid row 10.1 [33.4] long.

Claws of the Isohypsibius type, similar in size and shape ( Figure 1C ). Primary branches of claws with well-developed accessory points. Lunules and other cuticular thickenings on legs absent. Claw lengths: leg I: external: basal claw 7.1 [23.5], primary branch 12.2 [40.4], secondary branch 10.6 [35.1]; leg IV: posterior (internal): basal claw 7.8 [25.8], primary branch 12.3 [40.7], secondary branch 10.6 [35.1]. Other claws not measurable.

Eggs unknown.

Remarks

Measurements and pt values of selected morphological structures for all specimens are given in Table 1.

Etymology

The name ‘‘ longistipes ’’ refers to the length of the secondary claw branches; longi 5long, stipes 5branch.

Type depositories

The holotype ( USNM 1114530 ) is deposited in the National Museum of Natural History , Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA . One paratype ( ATBI 13 apr03-7-9) is deposited in the Nelson Collection , ETSU, Johnson City, TN, USA , and one ( ATBI 13 apr03-7-16) is in the Department of Animal Taxonomy and Ecology, A. Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 89, Poznań, Poland .

Differential diagnosis

Doryphoribius longistipes sp. nov. is most similar to D. korganovae Biserov, 1994 and D. qinlingense Li, Su and Yu, 2004 , i.e. species that have three macroplacoids and dorsal cuticle without gibbosities.

It differs from D. korganovae by having: a smooth cuticle, claws with no enlarged bases, the first macroplacoid always longer than the second, and a higher ratio of the secondary to the primary branches (80.0– 86.9 in D. longistipes sp. nov. and about 47.1–52.9 in D. korganovae ).

It differs from D. qinlingense by: the absence of the oral cavity armature, a slightly higher pt of the stylet-support insertion point (71.7–72.8 in D. longistipes and 66.7–71.4 in D. qinlingense ), a slightly higher pt of the buccal tube width (10.4–11.6 in D. longistipes and 7.3–10.0 in D. qinlingense ), and a higher ratio of the secondary to the primary branches (80.0– 86.9 in D. longistipes sp. nov. and about 68.5 in D. qinlingense ).

Doryphoribius minimus sp. nov.

( Figures 2A,B , 3 A–C)

Material examined

Holotype ATBI slide number 5sept04-12-46 ( USNM 1114529 ) and 4 paratypes ( ATBI slide numbers 5sept04-5-12, 5sept04-12-15, 5sept04-12-45, 5sept04-5-43): North America, USA, Tennessee, Blount County, Great Smoky Mountains National Park , lichen on dolomitic limestone rock . Holotype and 2 paratypes ( ATBI slide numbers 5sept04-12-46, 5sept04-12-15, and 5sept04-12-45) from lichen on external wall of dolomitic limestone cave ( Bull Cave , 35 ° 38.7759N, 83 ° 48.4179W, 544 m above sea level, 5 September 2004); 2 paratypes ( ATBI slides 5sept04-5-12 and 5sept04-5-43) from lichen on external wall of dolomitic limestone cave (Gregory’s Cave, 35 ° 36.6789N, 83 ° 48.3569W, 584 m above sea level, 5

September 2004), leg. P.J. Bartels. A map indicating the collecting sites is provided in Figure 5 .

Description (measurements of the holotype, USNM 1114529)

Body length 194.0 ( Figure 2A,B ). Body colour unknown, eyes absent. Cuticle with rather large polygonal tubercles (diameter 1.3–4.0) on dorsal and lateral side of the body including legs ( Figures 2A , 3A ). Besides tubercles, eight rows of indistinct gibbosities are present on dorsolateral side of the body. Two gibbosities present in each row. One gibbosity on each side of the body (dorsal cuticle sensu stricto devoid of gibbosities).

Mouth anteroventral. Bucco-pharyngeal apparatus of the Doryphoribius type: peribuccal lamellae and papulae absent, ventral lamina present ( Figure 3B ). Oral cavity armature absent or not visible in PCM/DIC. Buccal tube 26.8 long and 1.9 [7.1] (external) wide; 1.0 [3.7] (internal) wide. Ventral lamina 15.3 [57.1] long. At the end of the buccal tube, triangular pharyngeal apophyses present. Stylet supports inserted on buccal tube at 18.5 [69.0]. Pharyngeal bulb with three granular macroplacoids [length configuration 1(shortest)–2(longer)–3(longest)]. Microplacoid and septulum absent. First macroplacoid 1.6 [6.0] long; second 1.9 [7.1] long; third 2.4 [9.0]. Macroplacoid row 7.7 [28.7] long.

Claws of the Isohypsibius type, similar in size and shape ( Figure 3C ). Primary branches of claws with well-developed accessory points. Lunules and other cuticular thickenings on legs absent. Claw lengths: leg II: external: basal claw 3.6 [13.4], primary branch 8.7 [32.5], secondary branch 5.2 [19.4], internal primary branch 7.6 [28.4], secondary branch 4.4 [16.4]; leg IV: anterior (external): basal claw 3.0 [11.2], secondary branch 4.4 [16.4]; posterior (internal): basal claw 3.1 [11.6], primary branch 7.0 [26.1], secondary branch 4.9 [18.9]. Other claws not measurable.

Eggs unknown.

Remarks

Measurements and pt values of selected morphological structures for all specimens are given in Table 2.

Etymology

The name ‘ minimus ’ refers to the small size of individuals of the new species.

Type depositories

The holotype ( ATBI slide 5sep04-12-46) ( USNM 1114529 ) is deposited in the National Museum of Natural History , Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA . One paratype ( ATBI 5 sept04-5-12) is deposited in the GSMNP collection, two ( ATBI 5 sept04-12-15 and 5sept04-5-43) are in the Nelson Collection , ETSU, Johnson City, TN, USA , and one ( ATBI 5 sept04-12-45) is in the Department of Animal Taxonomy and Ecology, A. Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 89, Poznań, Poland .

Differential diagnosis

Doryphoribius minimus sp. nov. is similar to D. vietnamensis (Iharos, 1969) , D. gibber Beasley and Pilato, 1987 , and D. mariae Pilato and Binda, 1990 , by the presence of three macroplacoids and cuticle with tubercles and gibbosities on the dorsal side of the body, but it differs from them in some other characters.

It differs from D. vietnamensis by: a lower number of rows with gibbosities (nine in D. vietnamensis and eight in D. minimus sp. nov.), a different gibbosities formula (5, 4, 5, 4, 5, 4, 5, 2, 3 in D. vietnamensis and 2 gibbosities in each row in D. minimus sp. nov.), smaller body size (216.0–345.0 in D. vietnamensis and 151.1–209.0 in D. minimus sp. nov.), the dorsal side of the body covered by large polygonal tubercles (fine granulation in D. vietnamensis ), a different configuration of macroplacoids (generally 2- 1-3 in D. vietnamensis and 1-2- 3 in D. minimus sp. nov.), and the absence of eyes.

It differs from D. gibber by: a lower number of rows with gibbosities (10 in D. gibber and eight in D. minimus sp. nov.), a different gibbosities formula (4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 2, 2, 3 in D. gibber and 2 gibbosities in each row in D. minimus sp. nov.), a slightly smaller body size (220.0–273.0 in D. gibber and 151.1–200.0 in D. minimus sp. nov.), a different configuration of macroplacoids (generally 2- 1-3 in D. gibber and 1-2- 3 in D. minimus sp. nov.), and the absence of eyes.

It differs from D. mariae by: a lower number of rows with gibbosities (12 in D. mariae and eight in D. minimus sp. nov.), a different gibbosities formula (four or six gibbosities in rows 1–11 and one gibbosity in row 12 in D. mariae and 2 gibbosities in each row in D. minimus sp. nov.), a different configuration of macroplacoids (generally 2- 1-3 in D. vietnamensis and 1-2- 3 in D. minimus sp. nov.), the absence of the oral cavity armature (two small dorsal teeth present in D. mariae ), and the absence of eyes.

Doryphoribius tergumrudis sp. nov.

( Figure 4 A–D)

Material examined

Holotype ( USNM 1114531 ) ( ATBI slide number 13apr03-15-1): North America, USA, Tennessee, Blount County, Great Smoky Mountains National Park , stream periphyton . Holotype from stream periphyton in low-gradient Abram’s Creek in the limestone-based Cades Cove area of the GSMNP (35 ° 35.7079N, 83 ° 50.4769W, 520 m

above sea level, 13.04.2003), leg. P.J. Bartels. A map indicating collecting sites is provided in Figure 5 .

Description (measurements of the holotype, USNM 1114531)

Body length 519.0 ( Figure 4A ). Body colour unknown, eyes absent. Cuticle smooth. Cuticle on legs I–III smooth and with large and evident granulation on legs IV ( Figure 4D ). Granules large and round (diameter 1.0–1.8).

Mouth anteroventral. Bucco-pharyngeal apparatus of the Doryphoribius type: peribuccal lamellae and papulae absent, ventral lamina present ( Figure 4B ). Oral cavity armature absent or not visible in PCM/DIC. Buccal tube 43.8 long and 6.6 [15.1] (external) wide; 5.2 [11.9] (internal) wide. Ventral lamina 28.4 [64.8] long. At the end of the buccal tube, triangular pharyngeal apophyses present. Stylet supports inserted on buccal tube at 32.2 [73. 5].

Pharyngeal bulb slightly elongated (48.0X41.4) with two rod-shaped macroplacoids [length configuration 1(longest)-2(shortest)]. Microplacoid and septulum absent. First macroplacoid with distinct central constriction, 9.8 [22.4] long; second 5.8 [13.2] long and without constriction. Macroplacoid row 19.2 [43.8] long.

Claws of the Isohypsibius type, similar in size and shape ( Figure 4C ). Primary branches of claws with well-developed accessory points. Lunules present and better developed on external claws. Other cuticular thickenings on legs absent. Claw lengths: leg II: external: basal claw 9.1 [20.8], primary branch 17.4 [39.7], secondary branch 11.6 [26.5]; internal: basal claw 8.2 [18.7], primary branch 14.1 [32.2], secondary branch 12.0 [27.4]; leg III: internal: basal claw 8.4 [19.2], primary branch 14.7 [33.6], secondary branch 10.0 [22.8]. Other claws not measurable.

Eggs unknown.

Etymology

The name ‘‘ tergumrudis ’’ refers to the appearance of the posterior end of the body; tergum 5back, rudis 5rough.

Type depositories

The holotype ( USNM 1114531 ) is deposited in the National Museum of Natural History , Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA .

Differential diagnosis

Doryphoribius tergumrudis sp. nov. is most similar to Doryphoribius evelinae (Marcus, 1928) but it differs from this species by: the absence of eyes, the absence of gibbosities and tubercles on the first three pair of legs, the presence of granulation instead of tubercles on legs IV, and by the presence of lunules on claws.

Figures

Figure 1. Doryphoribius longistipes sp. nov. (A) Habitus (lateral mid-section); (B) buccopharyngeal apparatus (lateral view); (C) claw IV. Scale on (C) same as on (B), phase contrast microscopy.

Figure 2. Doryphoribius minimus sp. nov. Habitus (A) dorsolateral cuticle surface, (B) ventrolateral mid-section. Scale on (B) same as on (A), phase contrast microscopy.

Figure 3. Doryphoribius minimus sp. nov. (A) Dorsal cuticle with polygonal sculpture; (B) bucco-pharyngeal apparatus (ventrolateral view); (C) claws IV. Scale on (B,C) same as on (A), phase contrast microscopy.

Figure 4. Doryphoribius tergumrudis sp. nov. (A) Habitus (lateral mid-section); (B) buccopharyngeal (lateral view); (C) claws IV, (D) granulation on legs IV. Scale on (C,D) same as on (B), phase contrast microscopy.

Figure 5. Topographic map (hillshade view) of the Great Smoky Mountains National Park indicating sites where Doryphoribius longistipes sp. nov., Doryphoribius minimus sp. nov., Doryphoribius tergumrudis sp. nov., Doryphoribius doryphorus (Binda and Pilato, 1969) and Doryphoribius smokiensis Bartels et al., 2007 were collected. Circles indicate terrestrial sample sites, triangles indicate aquatic sample sites. Closed circles and triangles are sites that yielded Doryphoribius, open circles and triangles did not.