Dipoena lirata, B & B & B & Peng, 2019

B, Su-fang Yang, B, Muhammad Irfan, B, Ping Liu & Peng, Xian-Jin, 2019, Two new species of Dipoena Thorell, 1869 (Araneae, Theridiidae) from Wuling Mountains, China, Turkish Journal of Zoology 43 (6), pp. 598-608 : 605-608

publication ID	https://doi.org/ 10.3906/zoo-1907-27
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/9E266C5C-FFE5-515C-FF67-FA45FD33296D
treatment provided by	Felipe
scientific name	Dipoena lirata
status	sp. nov.

Treatment

Dipoena lirata View in CoL sp. nov. ( Figures 6–11 View Figure 6 View Figure 7 View Figure 8 View Figure 9 View Figure 10 View Figure 11 )

Type material. Holotype: Male, CHINA, Chongqing, Pengshui Miao and Tujia Autonomous County, Mowai mountain , 29°11426′N, 108°32233′E, alt. 1476 m, 24- vii-2017, GC Zhou & M Irfan, leg. (HNU-CQ-IV-1720) . Paratypes: Chongqing: 4♂♂ and 8♀♀, same data as holotype (HNU-CQ-IV-1720) ; 2♀♀, Pengshui Miao and Tujia Autonomous County , Mowai mountain , Valley of Love , 29°11461′N, 108°25237′E, alt. 1458 m, 25-vii- 2017, GC Zhou & M Irfan leg. (HNU-CQ-IV-1722) ; 2♂♂ and 3♀♀, Pengshui Miao and Tujia Autonomous County , Mowai mountain , Valley of Love , 29°11461′N, 108°25237′E, alt. 1458 m, 26-vii-2017, GC Zhou & M Irfan leg. (HNU-CQ-IV-1724) ; 1♂, Pengshui Miao and Tujia Autonomous County , Mowai mountain , Valentine’s valley cave, 29°11467′N, 108°25533′E, alt. 1563 m, 26-vii-2017, GC Zhou & M Irfan leg. (HNU-CQ-IV-1725) ; Hunan: 1♂, Shimen County, Hupingshan Township, Wangyuehu , 29°55546′N, 110°46432′E, alt. 256 m, 19 to 25-vi-2008, XQ Mi & G Tang leg. (HNU-HN-IV-0806) .

Etymology. The specific name comes from the Latin lirae (ridge), referring to the epigynum atrium with a very developed ridge; noun.

Diagnosis. The male of the new species resembles that of Dipoena crescenta sp. nov. (see Figures 1–3 View Figure 1 View Figure 2 View Figure 3 ), in having the smooth median apophysis and embolus with basal process, but can be distinguished by: (1) median apophysis with protrusions on basal area in ventral view ( Figures 6D, 6E, B View Figure 6 , 8B View Figure 8 ), while without protrusion in D. crescenta ( Figures 1E View Figure 1 , 2B View Figure 2 , 3B View Figure 3 ); (2) the base of the embolus somewhat triangular in ventral view ( Figures 6E View Figure 6 , 7B View Figure 7 , 8B View Figure 8 ), while helmet-shaped in D. crescenta sp. nov. ( Figures 1E View Figure 1 , 2B View Figure 2 , 3B View Figure 3 ); (3) Theridiidae tegular apophysis absent in

YANG et al. / Turk J Zool ventral view ( Figures 6E View Figure 6 , 7B View Figure 7 , 8B View Figure 8 ), while helmet-shaped in D. crescenta sp. nov. ( Figures 1E View Figure 1 , 2B View Figure 2 , 3B View Figure 3 ). The female of the new species resembles D. bifida Zhang & Zhang, 2011 ( Zhang and Zhang, 2011, figs. 1–5), in the shape of epigynum and the oval spermathecae, but can be separated by: (1) atrium cordiform, located in central median area of epigynum, half as long as epigynum in ventral view ( Figures 9D View Figure 9 and 10A View Figure 10 ), while transverse oval, located in anterior area of epigynum, shorter than 1/4 length of epigynum in D. bifida ( Zhang and Zhang, 2011, fig. 4); (2) copulatory ducts located on outside of the spermathecae in dorsal view ( Figures 9E View Figure 9 and 10B View Figure 10 ), while on inner side of the spermathecae in D. bifida ( Zhang and Zhang, 2011, fig. 5).

Description. Male (holotype, Figures 6–8 View Figure 6 View Figure 7 View Figure 8 ): Total length 2.89. Prosoma 1.25 long, 1.50 wide. Abdomen 1.07 long, 1.42 wide. Clypeus 0.96 high, yellowish brown, median area slightly concave. Carapace ( Figure 6A View Figure 6 ) light brown, cylindrical, median area of carapace depressed, with dorsal groove, bases of eyes black. Fovea black brown, U-shaped ( Figure 6A View Figure 6 ). Radial and cervical groove black brown ( Figure 6A View Figure 6 ). Eye diameter and interdistances: AME 0.11, PME 0.08, ALE 0.07, PLE 0.08, AME–AME 0.11, AME–ALE 0.02, PME–PME 0.07, PME–PLE 0.09, AEWR 0.30, PEWR 0.53 ( Figure 6A View Figure 6 ). Chelicerae yellowish brown, hairs black, distal area covered with macrosetae. Endites about quadrate, brown, labium fused with sternum, light brown, hairs thin and black, distal area with dark brown hairs ( Figure 6B View Figure 6 ). Sternum scutiform, brown, hairs brown and sparse; median area slight bulged, margin dark brown ( Figure 6B View Figure 6 ). Legs yellowish brown, annuli dark brown ( Figure 6C View Figure 6 ). Measurements of legs: I 4.39 (1.37, 1.45, 1.00, 0.57); II 3.65 (1.20, 1.13, 0.79, 0.53); III 2.86 (0.95, 0.79, 0.67, 0.45); IV 3.78 (1.17, 1.29, 0.86, 0.46). Leg formula: I-IV-II-III. Abdomen pear-shaped ( Figure 6A View Figure 6 ). Dorsum ( Figure 6A View Figure 6 ) yellowish brown, hairs sparse and brown, pattern dark brown; a longitudinal dark brown band on median area; sides and posterior portion with irregular dark brown twills. Ventral side yellowish brown, hairs brown and sparse; median area with a big diamond-shaped black pattern; sides with darker stripes; posteriorly with transverse brown streaks ( Figure 6B View Figure 6 ). Spinnerets light brown with darker margin, hairs short and brown ( Figure 6B View Figure 6 ).

Palp ( Figures 6D–6F View Figure 6 , 7A, 7B View Figure 7 , 8A, 8B View Figure 8 ): Embolus finger-shaped, extending to above the terminal apophysis ( Figures 6E View Figure 6 , 7B View Figure 7 , 8A, 8B View Figure 8 ). Median apophysis wide, with many granules on basal area ( Figures 6D, 6E View Figure 6 , 7A View Figure 7 , 8A, 8B View Figure 8 ). Conductor angular, extending above the anterior median area of genital bulb ( Figures 6E View Figure 6 , 7B View Figure 7 , 8A View Figure 8 ).

Female (one of paratypes, HNU-CQ-IV-1720, Figures 9 View Figure 9 and 10 View Figure 10 ): Total length 3.07. Prosoma 1.09 long, 1.27 wide. Abdomen 2.00 long, 2.16 wide. Clypeus 0.29 high, dark brown, median area slightly concave. Carapace ( Figure 9A View Figure 9 ) light brown, hairs sparse, white and long; sides slightly brown; cephalic region slightly bulged with dark brown margin, bases of eyes black. Fovea dark brown, U-shaped ( Figure 9A View Figure 9 ). Radial and cervical groove black brown ( Figure 9A View Figure 9 ). Eye diameter and interdistances: AME 0.13, PME 0.09, ALE 0.09, PLE 0.08, AME–AME 0.12, AME– ALE 0.02, PME–PME 0.06, PME–PLE 0.09, AEWR 0.30, PEWR 0.52 ( Figure 9A View Figure 9 ). Chelicerae without tooth, dark brown, hairs black, distal area covered with macrosetae. Endites about quadrate, brown, labium fused with sternum, light brown, distal area black brown, hairs thin and black, margin white ( Figure 9B View Figure 9 ). Sternum scutiform, brown, hairs sparse and brown; median area slightly bulged, margin dark brown ( Figure 9B View Figure 9 ). Legs light brown, with black brown annuli, hairs sparse and brown ( Figures 9B and 9C View Figure 9 ). Measurements of legs: I 3.59 (1.16, 1.21, 0.75, 0.47); II 3.25 (1.03, 1.08, 0.65, 0.49); III 2.92 (1.05, 0.83, 0.62, 0.42); IV 3.68 (1.11, 1.30, 0.80, 0.47). Leg formula: IV, I, II, III. Abdomen oval ( Figures 9A and 9B View Figure 9 ). Dorsum ( Figure 9A View Figure 9 ) light brown, slightly flat, hairs sparse, short and brown. Ventral slightly yellowish brown, covered with dense short brown hairs; sides with black brown twills; median area with a big diamond-shaped black pattern; posteriorly with transverse yellowish brown streaks ( Figure 9B View Figure 9 ). Spinnerets yellowish brown with darker margin, hairs dense, short and brown ( Figure 9B View Figure 9 ).

Epigynum ( Figures 9D, 9E View Figure 9 , 10A, 10B View Figure 10 ): Atrium cordiform, with well-developed ridge, located at the central area of epigynum ( Figures 9D View Figure 9 and 10A View Figure 10 ). Copulatory duct located on outside of the spermathecae ( Figures 9E View Figure 9 and 10B View Figure 10 ). Spermathecae circular ( Figures 9E View Figure 9 and 10B View Figure 10 ). Fertilization ducts extending toward the middle ( Figures 9E View Figure 9 and 10B View Figure 10 ).

Distribution. Chongqing and Hunan of China ( Figure 11 View Figure 11 ).

Remarks. The two new species resemble the members of Dipoena Thorell, 1869 in the shape; male carapace often high, cylindrical with cervical grooves ( Yoshida and Ono, 2000). The male palpal cymbium of Phycosoma lost the median apophysis,the embolus and conductor are small and almost fused together, top of cymbium relatively narrow, while the male palpal cymbia of Dipoena members have the median apophysis ( Yin et al., 2012). Like the Dipoena species, the male palpal cymbia of the two described new species have distinct median apophysis. Moreover, the two new species also resemble the other Dipoena species in body shape and the structures of genital organs. Based on the above-mentioned characters, the two new species were identified as members of the genus Dipoena .

Nomenclatural acts: This work and the nomenclatural acts it contains have been registered in ZooBank. The ZooBank Life Science Identifier (LSID) for this new species is: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:B8005980-5957-4B15-B257-8D87E3374DBE and urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:CF2BD1C0-30BC-4197-9BA5-490BD3A91E33

Acknowledgments

We are grateful to Chen Zeng, Bing Zhou, Guo Tang, Deng-qing Li, Jia-hui Gan, Gu-chun Zhou, Wang Liu, Tian Tian, Ping Liu, Xiao-qi Mi, Yi Huang, Zong-guang

Huang, and Zhuo-er Chen for collecting the specimens. We are thankful to Liu Keke, Jingangshan University, Jiangxi, for helping us take SEM photos. This research was supported by the National Special Fund on Basic Research of Science and Technology of China (No. 2014FY110100). It was also partly sponsored by the