Quintinia media (Baillon) Guillaumin (1939: 277)

Pillon, Yohan & Hequet, Vanessa, 2019, Two new species of Quintinia (Paracryphiaceae) with notes on the species from New Caledonia and Vanuatu, Phytotaxa 397 (1), pp. 45-54 : 47-51

Quintinia media (Baillon) Guillaumin (1939: 277) . Dedea media Baillon (1879a: 341 , b: 697). Lectotype (designated here):— NEW CALEDONIA. Mont Mou, March 1870, Balansa 2814 (P00537644!, isolectotypes: P00537645!,

P00537646!).

Quintinia parviflora (Schlechter) Schlechter (1914: 125) . Dedea parviflora Schlechter (1906: 115) , syn. nov. Lectotype (designated here):— NEW CALEDONIA. Auf den Bergen bei Oubatche, 900 m, 23 December 1902, Schlechter 15542 (B100715465!, isolectotypes: BR0000006998103!, E00346924!, HBG515576!, G00341775, G00341776, K000618786, L0035138!, P00537653!, S09-11220!).

Quintina neoebudica (Guillaumin) Guillaumin (1948: 23) . Dedea neoebudica Guillaumin (1931: 250) , syn. nov. Type:— VANUATU. Aneityum island: Anelgauhat Bay, Saddle Peak, 5 March 1929, Kajewski 866 (holotype, P00709681!, isotypes, B100715392!, BISH1005026!, BRI-AQ0379471!, K000618792, NY00185864!, US 00097021!).

Notes: – Baillon (1879a; b) cited two collections in his description of D. media, Pancher (Kougui, 800 m) and Balansa 2814 (Mont Mou). Only two sheets of Balansa 2814 at P bear the handwritten “ Dedea media H.Bn. ”, presumably in Baillon’s hand, and one is chosen here as the lectotype. The collection Pancher Mus . Néocal. N°544 (P00537647!; P00537648!) that bears the locality “Cougui— 800m ” or “baie du Prony” (P02582327!), belongs to Q. minor and is therefore excluded from being a syntype.

When he described Dedea parviflora, Schlechter (1906) cited a single collection, Schlechter 15542, for which duplicates exist in several herbaria. Most of his duplicates typically bear the annotation “n. sp.” in his own hand, but he did not annotate any of them with the word “type” or “ holotype ”. It is probable that he used all the duplicates to describe the new taxon before he distributed them. Following McNeill (2014), the duplicate at B, where Schlechter worked, should not be considered by default as the holotype, but is here designated as the lectotype. He did not critically compare this new taxon with the previously described D. media , and since we did not find any morphological differences between them, we consider these names to be synonyms.

Guillaumin (1931) cited a single collection when he described Dedea neoebudica : Kajewski 866. Several duplicates of this collection exist, but none at A (D. Hanrahan, comm. pers.), and only the sheet at P bears the handwritten name “ Dedea neo-ebudica Guillaum. sp. nov. ”, presumably in Guillaumin’s hand, and so this is here considered as the holotype. Guillaumin stated that this taxon was close to D. oreophila and D. parviflora because of its bisexual flowers, but Kajeswki 866 is clearly from a male plant since its flowers lack stigma. He added that it differs from the other two species he mentioned because of “its racemes much exceeding the leaves and naked from the base to about the middle”. The relative length of the inflorescences to the leaves is variable within the species of Quintinia in New Caledonia and within Vanuatu. Close examination of Kajewski 866 reveals that there are many scars in the lower half of the inflorescence axes, indicating that they are not naked but rather that the flowers have simply fallen.

In Vanuatu, Quintinia has so far only been collected from two islands that are relatively distant from each other: Santo (6 collections) and Anatom (= Aneityum, 3 collections). Most of the collections from Santo (Cabalion 442, Munzinger 3805, Pillon 556, Suprin 296, Veillon 4012) fit well morphologically with the material of Q. media from New Caledonia. Kajewski 866 (type of Q. neoebudica ) and Bernardi 13019, both from Anatom, are somewhat different, having larger leaves that are more obtuse at the apex, secondary veins that are more distinct, and more numerous terminal inflorescences. However, Cabalion 1988, also from Anatom, does not display these characters and is similar to plants from Santo and New Caledonia. The sixth collection from Santo, McPherson 19495, displays a combination of small leaves, similar to those of other plants from this island, and numerous inflorescences, as in the type of Q. neoebudica . The variation observed within Quintinia in Vanuatu does not correlate with geography and the existence of intermediates does not support a distinction between Q. neoebudica and Q. media , which share the characteristic of an ovary with three stigma lobes. These names are therefore treated as synonyms.

Quintinia minor (Baillon) Schlechter (1914: 125) . Dedea minor Baillon (1879a: 339 , b: 695). Lectotype (designated here):— NEW CALEDONIA. Mont Mi, 20 February 1869, Balansa 1004 (P00537649!, isolectotypes: K000618790 [without collection number], P00537650!, P00537651!). Quintinia resinosa (Schlechter) Schlechter (1914: 125) . Dedea resinosa Schlechter (1906: 115) , syn. nov. Lectotype (designated here):— NEW CALEDONIA. Auf den Bergen bei Paita, 400 m, 3 October 1902, Schlechter 14894 (P00537655!, isolectotype:

BR0000006998417!, E00177014!, HBG515558!, G00341779, G00341780, K000618788). Syntypes: auf den Bergen bei Paita, 400 m,

3 October 1902, Schlechter 14893 (B100715463!, E00177013!, G00341781, G00341782, K000618789, K00061893,P00537654!).

Notes: – Baillon (1879a; b) cited two collections in his description of D. minor : one by Pancher and the other was Balansa 1004 (Mont Mi). No collection of Q. minor by Pancher could be located at P, except Mus . Néocal. N°544 (P002582327!, P0537647!; P00537648!) from “Cougui—800 mètres” or “Baie du Prony”, which was also cited as a syntype of media . Two sheets of Balansa 1004 at P bear the name “ Dedea minor H.Bn. ” in Baillon’s hand, and one is here chosen as the lectotype.

Schlechter (1906) cited in the protologue of Dedea resinosa two specimens apparently collected in the same location and on the same day, one from a male plant (Schlechter 14893) and the other from a female one (Schlechter 14894). Since fruiting material is more informative in Quintinia , we choose the sheet of Schlechter 14894 at P as the lectotype; there is apparently no duplicate of this collection at B. This plant falls in the morphological range of Q. minor , with which it shares the typical cylindrical fruit, and the name Q. resinosa is thus treated as a synonym.

Quintinia oreophila (Schlechter) Schlechter (1914: 125) . Dedea oreophila Schlechter (1906: 114) . Lectotype (designated here):— NEW CALEDONIA. Auf den Bergen am Ngoye, 800 m, Schlechter 15378, 19 November 1902 (B100715464!, isolectotypes: BR0000006997779!, E00177015!, HBG515560!, G00341777, G00341778, K000618787, P00537652!, S09-11218!).

Notes: –When he described Dedea oreophila, Schlechter (1906) cited a single collection, Schlechter 15378, and the duplicate at B is here designated as the lectotype (see D. parviflora for justification).

Quintinia hyehenensis Pillon & Hequet , sp. nov. ( FIG. 2 ).

Type:— NEW CALEDONIA. Mt Panié, 1330 m, 8 April 2006, Pillon & al. 349 (holotype: P03320276!, isotype: NOU011629!).

Diagnosis: — This species is most similar to Quintinia media (Baillon) Schlechter from which it differs by its thick petiole, its leaf apex, which is rounded and often retuse, and by the number of carpels (4–5, vs 3).

Shrub or tree, 1.5– 11 m. Young parts including buds glabrous and resinous. Stipules absent. Leaves simple, alternate, petiole (1–) 2–3 cm × 1–3.5 mm; leaf blade (3–)5–10 × 1.5–3.5 cm, elliptic, base broad to acute, apex generally rounded to retuse, sometime broadly acute, coriaceous, glabrous, covered with black glandular dots on the lower surface, folded in two along midvein when young; margin entire, minutely revolute; venation brochidodromous, not very distinct, primary venation impressed on the upper side, (5–)9–13 pairs of secondary veins barely distinct from higher order veins. Inflorescence glabrous, an axillary raceme 4.5–11 cm long, with 20–40(–60) flowers (resinous when young), bracts 1.5–2.5 mm, fugaceous. Flower pentamerous; pedicels 1.5–3 mm. Sepals, triangular, 0.8 × 0.5 mm, glabrous, free and persistent on fruit. Petals free, ovate, 1.5 × 1 mm, glabrous, white. Stamens in a single whorl, with curly white hairs at the base of the filaments, filaments subulate, 0.5 mm long, anthers basifixed, dithecial, longitudinally dehiscent, 0.5 mm long. Ovary inferior, 4–5 locules, hypanthium shortly obconical in flower, style in male flowers columnar, narrow, 0.5–1 mm long, quickly caducous, in female flowers capitate with 4 (5) lobes and broadly based. Fruit: a septicidal capsule, glabrous, placentation parietal, unilocular at maturity, broadly obovoid, 2 × 2 mm, minutely ridged longitudinally. Style persistent, 0.5–1 mm long, dividing in fruit with stigma lobes alternate to sepals and dehiscence slits opposite to sepals. Seeds unknown.

Distribution and habitat: —This species occurs in high elevation shrublands and forests between 600 and 1500 m elevation, on Mounts Panié, Ignambi and Colnett and on roches Ouaïème ( FIG. 4 ). This species may also be present on Mount Aoupinié, from where a single collection in bud, McPherson 3400 (NOU!, P!), matches Q. hyehenensis with its coriaceous and retuse leaves, but further material (flowers at anthesis or fruits) is desirable to confirm its presence in this location, which is much further south than the other collection localities.

Etymology: —This species is named after the village of Hyehen (alternative spelling of Hienghène), where the type collection was made.

Conservation status: —This species was assessed as “Endangered” (EN B1+2ab(ii,iii,v)) using the Red List Categories and Criteria (IUCN, 2012) during a workshop of the New Caledonia Plant Red List Authority on 26 th October 2018.

Paratypes: — New Caledonia. Mt Panié , 1500 m, 16 January 1981, McPherson 3550 (P02582288!) ; ibid., 20°36’82’’S 164°44’40’’E, 1253–1530 m, 1 November 1999, McPherson & van der Werff 17858 (P02582632!, NOU-014422 !) ; Mt Colnett , 20°30’13”S 164°42’52’’E, 1070 m, 30 October 2003, McPherson, Swenson & Mouly 19087 (P02582630!, NOU004348 !) ; ibid. 1250 m, 13 October 2006, Pillon & Munzinger 629 ( NOU015229 !) ; Mt Ignambi , 19 August 1965, Schmid 580 ( NOU040486 !) ; ibid., 20°27’35’’S 164°35’41’’E, 1150 m, 4 May 2002, Lowry et al. 5769 (P04358490!) ; Roches Ouaïème , 850 m, 22 December 1977, MacKee (leg. J.-F. Cherrier) 24460 (P02582310!) ; ibid., 20°38’23.8’’S 164°52’16.9’’E, 592 m, 4 November 2010, Munzinger 6180 (P01063266!, NOU063357 !) .

Quintinia sessiliflora Pillon & Hequet , sp. nov. ( FIG. 3 ).

Type:— NEW CALEDONIA. Mt Kouakoué, 21°57’34’’S, 166°31’58’’E, 1260 m, 27 April 2006, McPherson et al. 19370 (holotype: P03320287!, isotypes: MO, NOU014898!).

Diagnosis: — This species is unique within the genus Quintinia A.DC. because its flowers and fruits are sessile. It is most similar to Q. media (Baillon) Schlechter , from which it also differs because its female flowers and fruits have 4 carpels (vs. 3).

Shrub or tree, 2–6 m, circumference of trunk up to 17.5 cm (fide Munzinger et al. 3425). Young parts including buds glabrous and resinous. Stipules absent. Leaves simple, alternate, petiole 1–2 cm × 1.5–2.5 mm, leaf blade 4–8 × 2–4.2 cm, coriaceous, elliptic to slightly obovate, base acute, apex broad, often with a somewhat broad mucro, glabrous, covered with black glandular dots on the lower surface, margin entire, minutely revolute; venation brochidodromous, not very distinct, primary venation impressed on the upper side, 6–10 pairs of secondary veins. Inflorescence resinous, an axillary spike 3–6 cm long with 12–20 flowers. Bracts 3 × 1 mm. Flowers sessile or with a very short pedicel (<0.5 mm), tetramerous or pentamerous, glabrous. Flower buds 1.5 mm long × 1 mm in diameter. Flowers at anthesis unknown. Fruit: a septicidal capsule, glabrous, 4–5 locules, unilocular at maturity, placentation parietal, subglobular, 1.5–2.5 mm long, 2.5–3 mm in diameter, longitudinally ridged. Sepals free, 4–5, tongue-shaped, 1.2–1.5 × 0.5 mm, erected and persistent on fruit. Style persistent, 1.5 mm long, stigma capitate with 4 papillose lobes separating in opening fruits, alternate to sepals. Seeds c. 20 per fruit, flat, ellipsoid c. 1 × 0.2–0.3 mm, truncate at the base, pointed to truncate at the apex.

Distribution and habitat: —This species is found in rain forest on slopes, between 850 and 1260 m elevation on Mounts Kouakoué and Koghis, and on Montagne des Sources ( FIG. 4 ). It may also be present further north, on Mount Boulinda. A single collection from there, Jaffré 465 (NOU!, P!), has sessile male flowers but its leaves differ from the rest of the material of Q. sessiliflora in being smaller and somewhat retuse. Further collections, particularly of fruiting material, are desirable to confirm this locality.

Etymology: —The name of this species refers to its sessile flowers and fruits, which distinguish it from all other species of the genus.

Conservation status: —This species was assessed as “Near Threatened” (NT, close to VU B1+2ab(ii,iii,v)) using the Red List Categories and Criteria (IUCN, 2012) during a workshop of the New Caledonia Plant Red List Authority on 26 th October 2018.

Notes on manganese accumulation: —Measurements with a handheld X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) spectrometer ( Gei et al. 2018; Jaffré et al. 2013) indicate large amounts of manganese in the leaves of Q. sessiliflora : 812 μg g-1 (Veillon 1372), 1770 (Schmid 4317), 1946 (McPherson 6417), 4653 (Munzinger et al. 3425), 6154 (McPherson et al. 19370), 6232 (McPherson et al. 19333), 6659 (Lowry et al. 6824) and 8316 (Munzinger et al. 1648). To confirm this observation with greater precision, a leaf was detached from each of three specimens, rinsed for 2 minutes in Alconox®1% ( Faucon et al. 2007) with agitation and rinsed with distilled water. The leaves were ground to powder, digested in HNO 3 /H 2 O 2 and analysed by Microwave Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectrometer (MP-AES). The measurements observed for Mn were much lower with this method: 572 μg g-1 (Schmid 4317), 1416 (Munzinger et al. 3425), and 1549 (Lowry et al. 6824). The XRF method gave values that were 3.1 to 4.3 higher, but this method is probably less accurate. The Mn concentrations found using either method are in any case much higher than the average level of 200 μg g-1 observed in plants ( Dunn 2007), but still below the 10,000 μg g-1 threshold typically used to characterize Mn hyperaccumulation ( van der Ent et al. 2013). According to Jaffré (1980), 21 % of the species growing on ultramafic substrates in New Caledonia have a leaf Mn concentration exceeding 1000 μg g-1, thus, the Mn content of Q. sessiliflora is not unusual considering its ecology.

Paratypes: — New Caledonia: Mt Kouakoué , 800–900 m, 16 November 1972, Schmid 4137 ( NOU040461 !) ; ibid., 1300 m, 17 November 1972, Schmid 4318 ( NOU040460 !) ; ibid., 21°57’28’’S 166°32’20’’E, 26 November 2002, Munzinger et al. 1648 (P00354347!, NOU002834 !) ; ibid., 21°58’16’’S 166°30’16’’E, 1200 m, 7 November 2004, McPherson, Munzinger & Labat 19333 (P00497355!, NOU012507 !) ; ibid., 21°57’49’’S 166°32’07’’E, 12 May 2006, Lowry et al. 6824 (P03320284!, NOU042545 !) ; ibid., 12 May 2006, Munzinger et al. 3425 (P03320312!, NOU012203 !) ; Mt Koghis , 950–1000 m, 16 March 1984, McPherson 6417 (P02582552!) ; Montagne des Sources , 850 m, 5 October 1967, Veillon 1372 (P03320313!, NOU040459 !) .

Figures

FIGURE 2. Quintinia hyehenensis Pillon & Hequet. A. Branch with fruits; B. Female flower; C. Male flower; D. Fruit. A & D: Pillon et al. 349; B: MacKee 24460; C: McPherson 19087. Scale bars:A: 1 cm; B, C, D: 0.5 mm.

FIGURE 3. Quintinia sessiliflora Pillon & Hequet. A. Branch with fruits; B. Fruit; C. Fruit; D. Seeds.A, B & D: McPherson et al. 19370; C: Munzinger et al. 1648. Scale bars: A: 1 cm; B & C: 0.5 mm; D: 100 μm.

FIGURE 4. Distribution map of Quintinia hyehenensis (full circle) and Q. sessiliflora (empty square). Two questionable locations are indicated with question marks (see text). Shaded areas indicate ultramafic substrates.