Zeugodacus (Javadacus) tau ( Walker, 1849 )

Leblanc, Luc, Hossain, M. Aftab, Momen, Mahfuza & Seheli, Kajla, 2021, New country records, annotated checklist and key to the dacine fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacinae: Dacini) of Bangladesh, Insecta Mundi 2021 (880), pp. 1-56 : 45-52

Zeugodacus (Javadacus) tau ( Walker, 1849)

(= Dacus hageni Meijere, 1911 , Dacus nubilus femoralis Hendel, 1934 , Dacus elegantis Tseng, Chen and Chu, 1992 , Dacus flavus Tseng, Chen and Chu, 1992 )

Figure 35

Distribution. Widespread in tropical Asia, from India and Sri Lanka to Vietnam and Taiwan, and south to Indonesia ( Drew and Romig 2013), Cambodia, Laos ( Leblanc et al. 2016), Nepal ( Sharma et al. 2015), Bangladesh ( Kabir et al. 1991).

Bangladesh records. 21,185 specimens. BARISHAL DIVISION: Barguna, Barishal, Bhola, Jhalokathi, Patuakhali, and Pirojpur Districts. CHATTOGRAM DIVISION: Bandarban Hill, Bramhanbaria, Chandpur, Chattogram, Cox’s Bazar, Cumilla, Feni, Khagrachari Hill, Laxmipur, Noakhali, and Rangamati Hill Districts. DHAKA DIVI- SION: Dhaka, Faridpur, Gazipur, Gopalgonj, Kishorgonj, Madaripur, Manikganj, Munshiganj, Narayanganj, Narsingdi, Rajbari, Shariatpur, and Tangail Districts. KHULNA DIVISION: Bagerhat, Chuadanga, Jashore, Jhenaidah, Kushtia, Magura, Meherpur, Narail, and Satkhira Districts. MYMENSINGH DIVISION: Jamalpur, Mymensingh, Netrokona, and Sherpur Districts. RAJSHAHI DIVISION: Bogura, Chapai Nawabgonj, Joypurhat, Naogaon, Natore, Pabna, Rajshahi, and Sirajgonj Districts. RANGPUR DIVISION: Dinajpur, Gaibandha, Kurigram, Lalmonirhat, Nilphamari, Panchagarh, Rangpur, and Thakurgaon Districts. SYLHET DIVISION:Habiganj, Moulvibazar, Sunamgonj, and Sylhet Districts.

Male lure. Cue-lure.

Host plants. Primarily a pest of cucurbit fruits, though its host range is much broader, as it has been bred from 77 host taxa in 44 genera and 23 families ( Liquido et al. 2016a). Hosts in Bangladesh include: winter melon ( Benincasa hispida (Thunb.) Cogn. ), melon ( Cucumis melo L.), cucumber ( C. sativus L.), pumpkin ( Cucurbita pepo L.), calabash ( Lagenaria siceraria (Molina) Strandl. ), angled luffa ( Luffa acutangula (L.) Roxb.), smooth luffa ( L. cylindrica (L.) M.Roem.), bittergourd ( Mormodica charantia L.), gac fruit ( M. cochinchinensis (Lour.) Spreng. ), spiny gourd ( M. dioica Roxb. Ex Willd. ), and snakegourd ( Trichosanthes cucumerina L.) (all Cucurbitaceae ) ( Kabir et al. 1991; Akhtaruzzaman et al. 1999a; Huque 2006).

Notes. In Bangladesh, Hossain et al. (2019) studied the seasonal abundance of Z. tau to develop a control strategy. Chowdhury et al. (1993) initiated a melon fly and pumpkin fly control strategy in bitter gourd field using poison bait. Akhtaruzzaman et al. (1999b) initiated bagging method in cucumber to prevent pumpkin fly infestation. The detailed life history of this species in Bangladesh was published by Kabir et al. (1997).

Key to the species of dacine fruit flies recorded in Bangladesh

1. Large wasp-like red-brown fly (wing at least 8 mm long) with abdominal base of syntergite 1+2 longer than broad ( Fig. 23C ) and wing costal band very broadly overlapping vein R 4+5 ( Fig. 23D )....... 2

— Smaller fly (wing less than 8 mm long) with abdominal base of syntergite 1+2 broader than long ( Fig. 25C ) and wing costal band narrower, at most reaching vein R 4+5 ( Fig. 10D ).................... 3

2. Face fulvous with two small oval black spots; males attracted to cue-lure; ( Fig. 23 )................................................................. Dacus (Callantra) longicornis Wiedemann

— Face reddish brown with a large inverted U-shaped black marking; males attracted to cue-lure; ( Fig. 22 ).............................................. Dacus (Mellesis) jacobi David and Sachin

3(1). Scutum with yellow median postsutural vitta ( Fig. 29C ), though sometimes very reduced ( Fig. 28B).. 4

— Scutum without yellow median postsutural vitta............................................ 13

4(3). Wing with infuscations present along r-m and dm-cu crossveins, in addition to the costal band and anal streak; males attracted to cue-lure; ( Fig. 28)..... Zeugodacus (Javadacus) cucurbitae (Coquillett)

— Wing with infuscations restricted to the costal band and anal streak ( Fig. 29F )................... 5

5(4). Apex of costal band on wing greatly expanded into an enlarged circular spot ( Fig. 31E )............ 6

— Apex of costal band on wing not so greatly expanded ( Fig. 35C )................................ 9

6(5). Lateral postsutural vitta absent or at most very short and narrow males attracted to cue-lure; ( Fig. 31 )...................................................... Zeugodacus (Sinodacus) hochii (Zia)

— Lateral postsutural vitta well developed ( Fig. 34B )............................................ 7

7(6). Wing membrane with a fulvous tinge, in addition to fuscous costal band and anal streak; males attracted to cue-lure; ( Fig. 34 ).......... Zeugodacus (Sinodacus) madhupuri Leblanc and Doorenweerd

— Wing membrane nearly hyaline, other than fuscous costal band and anal streak.................. 8

8(7). Anterior supra-alar seta present; costal band complete, not interrupted beyond the apex of vein R 2+3; males attracted to cue-lure; ( Fig. 33 )............. Zeugodacus (Sinodacus) infestus (Enderlein)

— Anterior supra-alar seta absent; costal band interrupted between the apex of vein R 2+3 and the large apical spot; males attracted to cue-lure; ( Fig. 24 ).......... Zeugodacus (Asiadacus) apicalis (Meijere)

9(5). Face fulvous with a pair of circular to oval black spots ( Fig. 35A ); apex of wing costal band expanded into an apical spot; males attracted to cue-lure; ( Fig. 35 )...... Zeugodacus (Javadacus) tau (Walker)

— Face either uniformly black ( Fig. 29A ), or fulvous, with ( Fig. 30A ) or without ( Fig. 30B ) a transverse black band; apex of wing costal band at most slightly expanded ( Fig. 30F )................... 10

10(9). Face entirely black ( Fig. 29A ); femora basally fulvous and apically dark fuscous to black ( Fig. 29H ).. 11

— Face fulvous, with ( Fig. 30A ) or without ( Fig. 30B ) a transverse dark band; femora mostly or entirely fulvous ( Fig. 30I ).................................................................... 12

11(10). Scutellum with one pair of setae; males attracted to cue-lure; ( Fig. 29 )......................................................................... Zeugodacus (Zeugodacus) diaphorus (Hendel)

— Scutellum with two pairs of setae; males attracted to cue-lure; ( Fig. 25 ).......................................................................... Zeugodacus (Zeugodacus) atrifacies Perkins

12(10). Face entirely fulvous in male ( Fig. 30B ), fulvous with transverse dark band across oral margin in female ( Fig. 30A ); scutellum with one pair of setae (rarely two pairs in male); male abdomen without pecten ( Fig. 30E ); males weakly attracted to methyl eugenol and zingerone, and strongly attracted to methyl-isoeugenol; ( Fig. 30 ).................. Zeugodacus (Zeugodacus) diversus (Coquillett)

— Face entirely fulvous with transverse dark band across oral margin in both sexes ( Fig. 26A ); scutellum with two pairs of setae; male abdomen with pecten ( Fig. 26D ); males attracted to cue-lure; ( Fig. 26 )........................................ Zeugodacus (Zeugodacus) caudatus (Fabricius)

13(3). Costal band interrupted ( Fig. 20D ) or drastically narrowed ( Fig. 27E ) before reaching its apex..... 14

— Costal band not interrupted before reaching its apex ( Fig. 32E )................................ 17

14(13). Scutum and abdomen red-brown; males attracted to methyl eugenol; ( Fig. 20 ).................................................................... Bactrocera (Bactrocera) zonata (Saunders)

— Scutum predominantly to entirely black; abdomen black or predominantly red-brown........... 15

15(14). Abdomen red-brown with a dark T-shaped pattern on terga III–V ( Fig. 5C ); males attracted to methyl eugenol; ( Fig. 5 ).................................. Bactrocera (Bactrocera) correcta (Bezzi)

— Abdomen predominantly or entirely black.................................................. 16

16(15). Legs entirely fulvous ( Fig. 19H ); face fulvous with a pair of oval black spots ( Fig. 19A ); males attracted to methyl eugenol; ( Fig. 19 )........................ Bactrocera (Bactrocera) tuberculata (Bezzi)

— Fore femur black and mid and hind femora basally fulvous and apically black ( Fig. 27F ); face fulvous with two parallel transverse black bands, across oral margin and below antennal sockets ( Fig. 27A ); males attracted to cue-lure; ( Fig. 27 ).............. Zeugodacus (Parasinodacus) cilifer (Hendel)

17(13). Yellow lateral postsutural vitta absent ( Fig. 21B ); scutum and abdomen predominantly red-brown ( Fig. 21B ); abdomen with tergites fused into a single plate; no known male lure; ( Fig. 21 )....................................................................... Dacus (Didacus) ciliatus Loew

— Yellow lateral postsutural vitta present ( Fig. 10B ), though sometimes very short; scutum and abdomen color variable; abdomen with tergites not fused......................................... 18

18(17). Costal band very broad and confluent with vein R 4+5 ( Fig. 10D )............................... 19

— Costal band narrower, at most overlapping vein R 2+3 but never reaching vein R 4+5 ( Fig. 17D )....... 20

19(18). Scutellum with one pair of setae; abdominal sternum V with a deep concavity on posterior margin in male; apex of aculeus of ovipositor needle-like in female; males attracted to cue-lure; ( Fig. 10 ).................................................... Bactrocera (Bactrocera) limbifera (Bezzi)

— Scutellum with two pairs of setae; abdominal sternum V with a slight concavity on posterior margin in male; apex of aculeus of ovipositor trilobed (needle-like with two subapical teeth) in female; no known male lure; ( Fig. 11 )............ Bactrocera (Paratridacus) melania (Hardy and Adachi)

20(18). Scutellum yellow with a broad medial longitudinal black stripe, with two pairs of setae; males attracted to zingerone; ( Fig. 1 )...................... Bactrocera (Parazeugodacus) abbreviata (Hardy)

— Scutellum entirely yellow, with one or two pairs of setae...................................... 21

21(20). Fore and middle femora apically or entirely black; apex of hind femur black; abdomen predominantly or mostly black........................................................................ 22

— Femora fulvous or red-brown with at most a dark anterior subapical dorsal spot on fore femur ( Fig. 4E ); abdomen pale colored, sometimes with broad lateral black markings....................... 26

22(21). Scutellum with two pairs of setae; lateral postsutural vitta very short; males attracted to zingerone; ( Fig. 15 ).................................... Bactrocera (Parazeugodacus) pendleburyi (Perkins)

— Scutellum with one pair of setae; lateral postsutural vitta short or well developed................ 23

23(22). Lateral postsutural vitta very short ( Fig. 14B ); anepisternal yellow stripe reaching to anterior notopleural seta dorsally ( Fig. 14F ); males attracted to cue-lure; ( Fig. 14 ).................................................................. Bactrocera (Bactrocera) nigrofemoralis White and Tsuruta

— Lateral postsutural vitta well developed and ending at level of intra-alar seta; anepisternal yellow stripe not reaching to anterior notopleural seta dorsally........................................ 24

24(23). Scutum with yellow spot anterior to transverse suture ( Fig. 32B ); prescutellar acrostichal seta absent; males attracted to cue-lure; ( Fig. 32 )............ Zeugodacus (Parasinodacus) incisus (Walker)

— Scutum without yellow spot anterior to transverse suture; prescutellar acrostichal seta present..... 25

25(24). Face fulvous with a black band across oral margin ( Fig. 13A ); abdominal terga entirely black ( Fig. 13C ); males attracted to cue-lure; ( Fig. 13 )...... Bactrocera (Bactrocera) nigrifemorata Lin and Wang

— Face black ( Fig. 12A ) or dark fuscous with a pair of large oval dark spots; abdomen black with orangebrown medially on terga III-V ( Fig. 12C ); males attracted to cue-lure; ( Fig. 12 )..................................................... Bactrocera (Bactrocera) nigrifacia Zhang, Ji and Chen

26(21). Abdomen orange-brown, without a T-shaped dark pattern ( Fig. 9C ); apex of wing costal band expanded ( Fig. 9D ); males attracted to latilure; ( Fig. 9 )........ Bactrocera (Bactrocera) latifrons (Hendel)

— Abdomen with a T-shaped pattern, with or without extensive lateral dark markings; apex of costal band not as expanded ( Fig. 17D )........................................................... 27

27(26). Anterior supra-alar seta (on scutum between wing attachment and yellow lateral postsutural vitta) and prescutellar acrostichal seta absent; scutum and abdomen predominantly orange-brown, abdomen with a very narrow dark T-shaped pattern ( Fig. 6C ); femora predominantly red-brown; males attracted to cue-lure and zingerone; ( Fig. 6 )...... Bactrocera (Daculus) digressa Radhakrishnan

— Anterior supra-alar seta and prescutellar acrostichal seta present; scutum color variable and abdomen with a T-shaped pattern, with medial stripe narrow ( Fig. 17C ) to broad ( Fig. 16C ); femora fulvous with at most small anterior subapical dorsal spot on fore femur............................ 28

28(27). Anepisternal yellow stripe very broad, extended anteriorly and reaching anterior notopleural seta dorsally ( Fig. 2E ); males attracted to methyl eugenol; ( Fig. 2 )................................................................................. Bactrocera (Bactrocera) aethriobasis (Hardy)

— Anepisternal yellow stripe narrower, not reaching anterior notopleural seta dorsally ( Fig. 17E ).... 29

29(28). Scutum uniformly red-brown with at most a faint lanceolate pattern ( Fig. 17B ); abdomen red-brown with a faint or incomplete T-shaped pattern with the medial stripe very narrow ( Fig. 17C ); wing costal band confluent with or faintly overlapping vein R 2+3 and slightly expanded apically ( Fig. 17D ); males attracted to cue-lure; ( Fig. 17 )....... Bactrocera (Bactrocera) rubigina (Wang and Zhao)

— Scutum color highly variable, from predominantly orange-brown to predominantly or entirely black; abdomen orange-brown with a usually well-defined T-shaped pattern with the medial stripe usually broader, with limited to extensive lateral black markings; wing costal band confluent with or faintly overlapping vein R 2+3 and slightly to moderately expanded apically ( Fig. 4D ), or confluent with vein R 2+3 and not expanded apically ( Fig. 8A )................................................ 30

30(29). Scutum entirely black, without orange-brown markings ( Fig. 18B ); abdomen terga III-V with very broad black lateral markings ( Fig. 18C ); males attracted to zingerone; ( Fig. 18 )............................................................... Bactrocera (Bactrocera) syzygii White and Tsuruta

— Scutum varies from predominantly orange-brown to predominantly or entirely black, with limited orange-brown markings; abdomen terga III-V largely orange-brown, with reduced black lateral markings.......................................................................... 31

31(30). Wing costal band faintly overlapping vein R 2+3 and slightly expanded beyond apex of vein R 2+3 ( Fig. 4D ); fore femur usually with a dark fuscous to black anterior subapical dorsal spot ( Fig. 4E ); abdomen tergum IV with rectangular lateral black bands along its base ( Fig. 4C, E ); males attracted to methyl eugenol; ( Fig. 4 ).................... Bactrocera (Bactrocera) carambolae Drew and Hancock

— Wing costal band confluent with or faintly overlapping vein R 2+3, with or without apical expansion; fore femur with or without an anterior subapical dorsal spot; abdomen usually not as above, if with basolateral bands on tergum IV then scutum with parallel longitudinal red-brown medial vittae ( Fig. 3B ).. .... ... .... .... .... .... .... .... ... .... .... .... .... .... ... .... .... .... .... ..... 32

32(31). Wing costal band confluent with vein R 2+3 vein, and not expanded or at most very slightly expanded apically ( Fig. 8A ); scutum color pattern highly variable, from almost entirely black to black with variable lanceolate orange-brown pattern to entirely orange-brown ( Fig. 7E–L ); abdomen with a T-shaped pattern with medial stripe narrow, and limited to extensive lateral dark markings ( Fig. 7C, D, M–Q ); males attracted to methyl eugenol; ( Fig. 7–8 )......... Bactrocera (Bactrocera) dorsalis (Hendel)

— Wing costal band at least faintly overlapping vein R 2+3, appearing as a faint tinge below the vein, and expanded apically ( Fig. 3D , 16D ); scutum color pattern as in Fig. 3B or 16B; abdomen with a T-shaped pattern with medial stripe broader and with generally limited lateral dark markings ( Fig. 3C , 16C )........................................................................... 33

33(32). Scutum black medially and orange-brown laterally ( Fig. 16B ); femora fulvous with a faint dark anterior subapical dorsal spot on fore femur; males attracted to cue-lure; ( Fig. 16 )......................................................... Bactrocera (Bactrocera) propinqua (Hardy and Adachi)

— Scutum orange-brown with one narrow medial and two narrow lateral black stripes connected near apex of scutum ( Fig. 3B ); femora entirely fulvous; males attracted to methyl eugenol; ( Fig. 3 )......................................................... Bactrocera (Bactrocera) bhutaniae (Hardy)

Figures

Figure 1. Bactrocera (Parazeugodacus) abbreviata (Hardy), male. A) Head. B) Head and scutum. C) Abdomen. D) Wing. E) Lateral view. F) Distribution in Bangladesh.

Figure 2. Bactrocera (Bactrocera) aethriobasis (Hardy), male. A) Head. B) Head and scutum. C) Abdomen. D) Wing. E) Lateral view. F) Distribution in Bangladesh.

Figure 3. Bactrocera (Bactrocera) bhutaniae (Hardy), male. A) Head. B) Head and scutum. C) Abdomen. D) Wing (after Leblanc et. al. 2014). E) Lateral view. F) Distribution in Bangladesh.

Figure 4. Bactrocera (Bactrocera) carambolae Drew and Hancock, male.A) Head.B) Head and scutum. C) Abdomen. D) Wing. E) Lateral view. F) Distribution in Bangladesh.

Figure 5. Bactrocera (Bactrocera) correcta (Bezzi), male. A) Head. B) Head and scutum. C) Abdomen. D) Wing (after Leblanc et. al. 2014). E) Lateral view. F) Distribution in Bangladesh.

Figure 6. Bactrocera (Daculus) digressa Radhakrishnan, male. A) Head. B) Head and scutum. C) Abdomen. D) Wing. E) Lateral view. F) Distribution in Bangladesh.

Figure 7. Bactrocera (Bactrocera) dorsalis (Hendel). A) Head. B) Head and scutum. C) Abdomen, female. D) Abdomen, male. E–L) Scutum variation in Bangladesh (after Leblanc et al. 2013). M–Q) Abdomen variation in Bangladesh (after Leblanc et al. 2013).

Figure 8. Bactrocera (Bactrocera) dorsalis (Hendel). A) Wing (after Leblanc et al. 2014). B) Lateral view, female. C) Lateral view, male. D) Distribution in Bangladesh.

Figure 9. Bactrocera (Bactrocera) latifrons (Hendel). A) Head. B) Head and scutum. C) Abdomen, female. D) Wing. E) Lateral view, male. F) Distribution in Bangladesh.

Figure 10. Bactrocera (Bactrocera) limbifera (Bezzi), male. A) Head. B) Head and scutum. C) Abdomen. D) Wing. E) Lateral view. F) Distribution in Bangladesh.

Figure 11. Bactrocera (Paratridacus) melania (Hardy and Adachi). A) Head B) Head and scutum. C) Abdomen, female. D) Abdomen, male. E) Wing, male. F) Lateral view, male.

Figure 12. Bactrocera (Bactrocera) nigrifacia Zhang, Ji and Chen, male. A) Head. B) Head and scutum. C) Abdomen. D) Wing. E) Lateral view. F) Distribution in Bangladesh.

Figure 13. Bactrocera (Bactrocera) nigrifemorata Li and Wang, male. A) Head. B) Head and scutum. C) Abdomen. D) Wing. E) Lateral view. F) Distribution in Bangladesh.

Figure 14. Bactrocera (Bactrocera) nigrofemoralis White and Tsuruta. A) Head. B) Head and scutum. C) Abdomen, female. D) Abdomen, male. E) Wing. F) Lateral view, male. G) Distribution in Bangladesh.

Figure 15. Bactrocera (Parazeugodacus) pendleburyi (Perkins), male (after Leblanc et al. 2018). A) Head. B) Head and scutum. C) Abdomen. D) Wing. E) Lateral view. F) Distribution in Bangladesh.

Figure 16. Bactrocera (Bactrocera) propinqua (Hardy and Adachi), male. A) Head. B) Head and scutum. C) Abdomen. D) Wing. E) Lateral view. F) Distribution in Bangladesh.

Figure 17. Bactrocera (Bactrocera) rubigina (Wang and Zhao). A) Head. B) Head and scutum. C) Abdomen. D) Wing (after Leblanc et al. 2014). E) Lateral view. F) Distribution in Bangladesh.

Figure 18. Bactrocera (Bactrocera) syzygii White and Tsuruta, male. A) Head.B) Head and scutum. C) Abdomen. D) Wing. E) Lateral view. F) Distribution in Bangladesh.

Figure 19. Bactrocera (Bactrocera) tuberculata (Bezzi). A) Head. B) Head and scutum. C) Abdomen, female. D) Abdomen, male. E) Wing (after Leblanc et al. 2014). F) Distribution in Bangladesh. G) Lateral view, female. H) Lateral view, male.

Figure 20. Bactrocera (Bactrocera) zonata (Saunders), male. A) Head. B) Head and scutum. C) Abdomen. D) Wing. E) Lateral view. F) Distribution in Bangladesh.

Figure 21. Dacus (Didacus) ciliatus Loew. A) Head. B) Head and scutum. C) Abdomen, male. D) Wing (after Leblanc et al. 2014). E) Lateral view, female. F) Lateral view, male.

Figure 22. Dacus (Mellesis) jacobi David and Sachin, male. A) Head. B) Head and scutum. C) Abdomen. D) Wing. E) Lateral view. F) Distribution in Bangladesh.

Figure 23. Dacus (Callantra) longicornis Wiedemann. A) Head. B) Head and scutum. C) Abdomen, male. D) Wing. E) Distribution in Bangladesh. F) Lateral view, female. G) Lateral view, male.

Figure 24. Zeugodacus (Asiadacus) apicalis (Meijere), male. A) Head. B-C) Head and scutum. D) Abdomen. E) Wing. F) Lateral view. G) Distribution in Bangladesh.

Figure 25. Zeugodacus (Zeugodacus) atrifacies Perkins, male. A) Head. B) Head and scutum. C) Abdomen. D) Wing. E) Lateral view. F) Distribution in Bangladesh.

Figure 26. Zeugodacus (Zeugodacus) caudatus (Fabricius). A) Head. B) Head and scutum. C) Abdomen, female. D) Abdomen, male. E) Wing (after Leblanc et al. 2014). F) Wing apex, variant. G) Lateral view, male. H) Distribution in Bangladesh.

Figure 27. Zeugodacus (Parasinodacus) cilifer (Hendel), male. A-B) Head. C) Head and scutum. D) Abdomen. E) Wing. F) Lateral view. G) Distribution in Bangladesh.

Figure 29. Zeugodacus (Zeugodacus) diaphorus (Hendel), male. A-B) Head. C) Head and scutum. D-E) Abdomen. F) Wing (after Leblanc et al. 2014). G) Wing apex, variant. H) Lateral view. I) Distribution in Bangladesh.

Figure 30. Zeugodacus (Zeugodacus) diversus (Coquillett). A) Head, female. B) Head, male. C) Head and scutum. D) Abdomen, female.E) Abdomen, male.F) Wing.G) Distribution in Bangladesh.H) Lateral view, female.I) Lateral view, male.

Figure 31. Zeugodacus (Sinodacus) hochii (Zia). A) Head. B) Head and scutum. C) Abdomen, female. D) Abdomen, male. E) Wing. F) Distribution in Bangladesh. G) Lateral view, female. H) Lateral view, male.

Figure 32. Zeugodacus (Parasinodacus) incisus (Walker). A) Head. B) Head and scutum. C) Abdomen, female. D) Abdomen, male. E) Wing. F) Lateral view, male. G) Distribution in Bangladesh.

Figure 33. Zeugodacus (Sinodacus) infestus (Enderlein). A) Head. B) Head and scutum. C) Abdomen, male. D) Wing. E) Lateral view, female. F) Distribution in Bangladesh.

Figure 34. Zeugodacus (Sinodacus) madhupuri Leblanc and Doorenweerd, male. A) Head. B) Head and scutum. C–D) Abdomen. E) Wing. F) Lateral view. G) Distribution in Bangladesh. A–F after Leblanc et. al. (2019).

Figure 35. Zeugodacus (Javadacus) tau (Walker), male. A) Head. B) Head and scutum. C) Abdomen. D) Wing. E) Lateral view. F) Distribution in Bangladesh.