Cytisus hirsutus var. ciliatus (Wahlenb.) Hazsl. in Verh. K.K. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 1: 201 (1852)

Sennikov, Alexander N. & Tikhomirov, Valery N., 2024, Atlas Florae Europaeae notes, 35. Further critical notes on Cytisus sect. Tubocytisus (Fabaceae) in Europe, PhytoKeys 238, pp. 199-230 : 199

1a. Cytisus hirsutus var. ciliatus (Wahlenb.) Hazsl. in Verh. K.K. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 1: 201 (1852)

- Cytisus ciliatus Wahlenb., Fl. Carp.: 219 (1814) - Cytisus prostratus var. ciliatus (Wahlenb.) W.D.J.Koch, Syn. Deut. Schweiz. Fl. 1: 155 (1837) - Cytisus hirsutus subsp. ciliatus (Wahlenb.) Simonk. in Math. Term. Közlem. 22: 376 (1888) - Chamaecytisus triflorus subsp. ciliatus (Wahlenb.) Holub in Bertová, Fl. Slovenska IV(4): 38 (1988).

= Cytisus glaber L.f., Suppl. Pl.: 328. 1782, non Lam. 1779, nom. illeg. (Art. 53.1) - Chamaecytisus glaber Rothm. in Feddes Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 53: 143 (1944). Type. Not designated.

= Cytisus serotinus Kit. ex DC., Prodr. 2: 156 (1825) - Cytisus hirsutus var. serotinus (Kit. ex DC.) Soó in Veröff. Geobot. Inst. Rübel Zürich 6: 254 (1930). Type. Western Ukraine (Mukachevo) or Romania (Satu Mare). Locality unknown, 1815, P. Kitaibel (holotype G-DC barcode G00477721; isotypes BM barcode BM000750883, M barcode M0210789).

Type.

Slovakia. Žilinský kraj: "Hradska hola" [ Hradská Hora], 30.07.1813, G. Wahlenberg (lectotype UPS V-1016663, designated here). Fig. 4 .

Distribution.

Europe: certainly present in Slovakia, Ukraine, Hungary, Romania and the Balkans; reported as " C. falcatus " from North Macedonia ( Micevski 2001).

Notes on taxonomy and distribution.

This taxon was described from the vicinities of Liptovský Hrádok in present-day Slovakia ( Wahlenberg 1814) and occurs in the mountains surrounding the Pannonian Plain and in the Balkans ( Holub and Bertová 1988; Pifkó 2009 and our data). Cytisus ciliatus is closely related to C. hirsutus , but differs from the latter by the upper side of its leaf laminae and by pod surfaces being glabrous or nearly so (vs. regularly hairy). So far, we have no evidence that the distribution of hairy and glabrous plants of C. hirsutus is separate; this distinction denotes the same casual loss of pubescence as observed in some other species of Cytisus ( C. ruthenicus var. zingeri Nenjukov: Sennikov et al. (2021); C. polytrichus var. subglabratus Val.N.Tikhom. & Sennikov, see below) and corresponds to the rank of variety.

Some authors ( Bernard 1977) interpreted the name Cytisus glaber as corresponding to C. hirsutus , which cannot be true because of its leaves glabrous above. Judging from the glabrous leaves of the plant and its occurrence in “Austria”, C. glaber is an earlier (albeit illegitimate and therefore unusable) synonym of C. ciliatus Wahlenb. ( C. hirsutus s.l.). Tzvelev (1987) formally accepted Chamaecytisus glaber (with C. elongatus mis-added to its synonymy) and applied it to west Ukrainian and cultivated plants of Central European origin with erect stems, leaves glabrous above, lateral inflorescences and patent pubescence, which agrees with our interpretation.

Cytisus serotinus is a plant with the leaves glabrous above, which belongs to the C. hirsutus group. It was originally recognised due to its presumed late flowering season, but merely coincides with C. ciliatus .

Notes on nomenclature.

Wahlenberg (1814) distinguished Cytisus ciliatus from C. hirsutus , which was the original name for his material, by the pubescence of its leaves and pods. In the collections of UPS, where the Herbarium of Wahlenberg is housed, two specimens of the original material were found, both corresponding to the original description and the provenance cited in the protologue. One specimen bears precise collection data, but the draft name of the taxon ( C. hirsutus [...] glabris) written by Wahlenberg, whereas the second specimen bears the final plant name ( C. ciliatus ), but generalised collection data ("e montibus Carpaticis") written by C.P. Thunberg. As both specimens correspond to the taxon as circumscribed by Wahlenberg and are undoubtedly linked with the protologue, we prefer the specimen with exact provenance from the author’s collection as a lectotype.

Despite all searches, we were not able to trace any herbarium material linked with the protologue of C. glaber (Linnaeus filius 1782), in which a species with the leaves glabrous above and slightly hairy below was described from “Austria”. The only original element, an illustration of " Cytisus glaber , siliqua angusta" in Bauhin and Cherler (1650: 373) was rejected by Cristofolini (1991) as conflicting with the original description (calyces depicted as campanulate, whereas the protologue stated the calyx being "oblongus subventricosus"), although this presumed conflict may be explained by the crude nature of this drawing. So far, this species name remains untypified and interpreted on the basis of the protologue ( Tzvelev 1987).

A later synonym belonging to the same taxon is C. serotinus Kit. ex DC. ( Candolle 1825), described from historical “Hungary” without a further specification. Pifkó (2005) designated a lectotype at BP; since no specimens were cited by Candolle as syntypes, his only specimen used for the original description is the holotype, and the lectotype at BP has no standing. The only original specimen in Candolle’s herbarium at G is lacking a precise provenance, which can be derived from comparisons with the main collections of P. Kitaibel kept at BP ( Jávorka 1957) and from the diaries of Kitaibel ( Gombocz 1945; Lőkös 2001).

Three specimens identified as C. serotinus are preserved in the herbarium of Kitaibel at BP ( Pifkó 2005), collected near Mukachevo in present-day Ukraine and at Gödöllő in present-day Hungary. Kitaibel ( Lőkös 2001) also mentioned that he collected this species near Szatmár (now Satu Mare in Romania, near the border with Hungary and Ukraine). The specimen at G-DC is dated as received in 1815 and seemingly was collected during that year on the way from Mukachevo to Satu Mare ( Lőkös 2001).

Figures

Figure 4. Lectotype of Cytisus ciliatus Wahlenb.