Cynea (Nycea) erebina (Möschler, 1879)

Zhang, Jing, Cong, Qian & Grishin, Nick V., 2023, Supplementary Materials and Appendix, Insecta Mundi 2023 (26), pp. 1-115 : 50

Cynea (Nycea) erebina (Möschler, 1879) and Cynea (Nycea) cleochares (Mabille, 1891) are species distinct from Cynea (Cynea) diluta (Herrich-Schäffer, 1869)

Phylogenetic analysis of Cynea Evans, 1955 (type species Hesperia cynea Hewitson, 1876 ) reveals that Carystus erebina Möschler, 1879 (type locality in Colombia, holotype sequenced as NVG-21118B08) and Pamphila cleochares Mabille, 1891 (type locality Venezuela: Valera, syntype sequenced as NVG-15036G08) currently regarded as junior subjective synonyms of Cynea (Cynea) diluta (Herrich-Schäffer, 1869) (type locality not specified) are in a clade (and subgenus) different from a specimen from Guyana identified as C. diluta and the holotype of Proteides osembo Möschler, 1883 (type locality in Suriname), currently treated as a junior subjective synonym of C. diluta ( Fig. 5) ( Zhang et al. 2022b). The two taxa C. erebina and P. cleochares belong to the subgenus Nycea Grishin, 2022 (type species Pamphila hycsos Mabille, 1891 ), differ from each other by 3.5% (23 bp) in COI barcodes and differ from other species of Nycea ( Fig. 5). Therefore, we reinstate them as species: Cynea (Nycea) erebina (Möschler, 1879) and Cynea (Nycea) cleochares (Mabille, 1891) .

Pamphila hycsos Mabille, 1891 is a junior subjective synonym of Cynea (Nycea) erebina (Möschler, 1879) , with lectotype designation

Genomic sequencing of the primary type specimens of Carystus erebina Möschler, 1879 (holotype sequenced as NVG-21118B08) and Pamphila hycsos Mabille, 1891 (syntype sequenced as NVG-18043B08), both from Colombia, reveals their genetic similarity (COI barcodes differ by 0.3%, 2 bp). The two type specimens are phenotypically similar and are from the same country of origin. Therefore, we propose that Pamphila hycsos Mabille, 1891 , is a new junior subjective synonym of Cynea (Nycea) erebina (Möschler, 1879) . As a result, Cynea (Nycea) erebina somba Evans, 1955 is a new combination, originally described and maintained as Cynea hycsos somba Evans, 1955 . To stabilize these treatments, N.V.G. hereby designates a male syntype in the Museum für Naturkunde, Berlin, Germany, that bears the following nine rectangular labels (the first three are purple, blue, and red, respectively, others are white): [Origin], [Columb], [ Pa. hycsos | ♂ Mab.], [Coll. Sommer], [Coll. | Staudinger], [Hÿcsos | Mab.], [GEN.PEP., | MIELKE | 1996], [{OR Code} http://coll.mfn-berlin.de/u/ | 44a043], [DNA sample ID: | NVG-18043B08 | c/o Nick V. Grishin], as the lectotype of Pamphila hycsos Mabille, 1891 . The Sommer collection was bought by Staudinger in 1873 (before the description of P. hycsos ), and the red label appears to be in Mabille handwriting, thus providing additional evidence that this specimen is a syntype.