Ctenitis aspidioides (C. Presl) Copeland (1947: 124)

Viveros, Raquel Stauffer, Rouhan, Germinal & Salino, Alexandre, 2018, A taxonomic monograph of the fern genus Ctenitis (Dryopteridaceae) in South America, Phytotaxa 385 (1), pp. 448-450 : 448-450

Phytotaxa 335 (1) © 2018 Magnolia Press • 31 4. Ctenitis aspidioides (C. Presl) Copeland (1947: 124) . Figs. 01B, 04A–B, 05C, 09C, 13A–E, 14D. Polypodium aspidioides Presl (1822: 170) . Lastrea aspidioides (C. Presl) Presl (1849: 41) . Aspidium alsophilaceum Kunze in Mettenius (1858: 90), non Aspidium aspidioides Schlechtendal (1825: 24) . Nephrodium alsophilaceum (Kunze in Mett.) Baker (1870: 474). Dryopteris alsophilacea (Kunze in Mett.) Kuntze (1891: 812). Type:— BRAZIL. Rio de Janeiro, Pohl s.n. (lectotype PRC 405453!, designated here).

Aspidium tijucense Fée (1873: 102) . Dryopteris itatiaiensis Christensen (1906: 272) , non Dryopteris tijuccana ( Raddi 1819: 288) Christensen (1906: 298) . Type:— BRAZIL. Rio de Janeiro: Itatiaia, Glaziou 5262 (lectotype P 00639503!, designated here, isolectotypes B 20 0052211!, P 00639502!, P 00167494!).

Stems erect or ascending, 1.5–2.3 cm diam., scales 6.1–11.2 × 0.3–1.1 mm, castaneous, subclathrate, lanceolate, entire or slightly denticulate, without fimbriae; leaves 37–113 cm long; petioles 13–57 cm × 2.4–3.2 mm, with 3 or 5 vascular bundles at base, tan or stramineous, scales 3.0–6.2 × 0.1–0.3 mm, castaneous or dark brown, subclathrate or clathrate, not tangled on petiole base, patent or ascending, flattish, flaccid, linear-lanceolate with truncate base and attenuate or filiform apex, entire or slighlty denticulate, with or without some short fimbriae at base, sparse catenate trichomes abaxially, glandular trichomes absent; laminae 46.8–57 × 17–27.5 cm, width 1/3–1/ 2 of length, 1-pinnate-pinnatifid basally, medially and apically, lanceolate, apex conform or subconform; rachises tan or stramineous, scales like those on distal portion of petioles, sparse catenate trichomes abaxially, glandular trichomes absent; pinnae 7–14 pairs, the basal and medial ones stalked to 6.4 mm long, the apical ones sessile, basal pinnae basiscopically and acroscopically somewhat equally developed, the medial 8.7–15 × 2.2–3.2 cm, lanceolate, incised to 2/3 of the distance between the segment apex and costa, basal segments as long or a little shorter than the next, apex acuminate or attenuate; adaxial pinnae axes scales absent, catenate trichomes dense on costa, sparse on costule, rare on veins, bacilliform trichomes absent; adaxial laminar surface between veins glabrous; abaxial pinnae axes with sparse scales on costa, 1.3–2.5 × 0.6– 0.2 mm, dark brown or castaneous, subclathrate or clathrate, ascending, flattish or twisted, stiff, linear or filiform with truncate base and filiform apex, slightly denticulate, without fimbriae, proscales to 3.1 mm long sparse on costule, catenate trichomes sparse on costa, costule and veins, bacilliform trichomes absent, glandular trichomes absent, filiform trichomes absent; abaxial laminar surface between veins glabrous or with sparse catenate trichomes; segments 15–18 pairs, 4.3–7.5 mm wide, patent or subfalcate, entire or repand, apex rounded, obtuse or acute, margin with catenate trichomes, the distance from each other is narrower than segments width; veins simple or 1-forked at basal segments, 7–10 pairs per segment, the basal ones from adjacent segments reach the margin at sinus; sori medial or inframedial, indusia conspicuous, entire or with a few little fimbriae, glabrous; spores with coarse folds.

Selected specimens examined:— BRAZIL. Bahia: Arataca, Serra do Peito de Moça , 700 m, 15°10'25" S, 39°20'30" W, 6 August 2006, Labiak et al. 3675 ( CEPEC) ; Camacan, RPPN Serra Bonita , 850 m, 15°23'30" S, 39°33'55" W, 30 March 2007, Matos et al. 1332 ( CEPEC) ; Jussari, RPPN Jussari , 12 December 2005, Mynssen et al. 919 ( CEPEC) ; Espírito Santo: Cariacica, Reserva Biológica Duas Bocas , 600 m, 20°17'29" S, 40°31'10" W, 15 February 2008, Labiak et al. 4647 ( RB) ; Santa Teresa, Nova Lombardia, Reserva Biológica Augusto Ruschi , 21 January 2003, Krause & Pereira 83 ( RB) ; Minas Gerais: Além Paraíba, Est. Benjamin Constant, 396 m, November 1933, Campos Porto & Horta s.n. ( RB) ; Catas Altas, RPPN Serra do Caraça, Engenho , 20º07’S, 43º27’W, 900 m, 20 November 2004, Mota et al. 77 ( BHCB) ; Coronel Pacheco, Fazenda Argentina , 522 m, 9 May 1944, Heringer 1371 ( RB) ; Juiz de Fora, Poço D'Anta , 889 m, July 1902, Schwacke 14791 ( RB) ; Rio Pomba , 479 m, 28 June 1909, Velloso s.n. ( OUPR) ; Descoberto, Reserva do Grama , 466 m, 15 June 2005, Mynssen & Jascone 730 ( RB) ; Rio Preto, Serra Negra, Fazenda Tiririca , 21 January 2006, Souza et al. 114 ( RB) ; Viçosa, Fazenda de Engenho , 720 m, 11 December 1930, Mexia 5406 (R) ; Paraná: Morretes, Morro do Bicho , 25º27’02’’S, 48º51’00’’W, 34 m, 12 April 2010, Salino & Almeida 14814 ( BHCB) ; Rio de Janeiro: Barra do Piraí , 700–750 m, 4 March 1986, Carauta & Fernandes 5270 ( RB) ; Cachoeiras de Macacu , 24 m, 22°28'15" S, 42°45'26" W, 8 November 2009, Baber & Wesenberg KB 249 ( RB) ; Campos dos Goytacazes, Morro do Itaoca , 20 m, 15 December 2009, Mauad et al. 86 ( RB) ; Duque de Caxias, Parque Natural Municipal da Taquara , 28 October 2006, Jascone & Lima 763 ( HB) ; Mangaratiba , Reserva Ecológica Rio das Pedras, 3 June 1997, Mynssen 131 ( RB) ; Serra do Itatiaia , 4–10 June 1913, Tamandaré & Brade 21450 ( HB) ; Teresópolis, Serra dos Órgãos, Rio Paquequer , 1267 m, August 1940, Brade 16680 ( RB) ; São Paulo: Iguape, May 1922, Ruschi 8247 (R); Paranapiacaba, Serra de Paranapiacaba , June 1925, Brade 21451 ( HB) ; Serra de Itapetinga , 26 June 1914, Brade 7399 ( HB) ; Tapiraí, Reserva Votorantim, Complexo Juquiá , Trilha Boatudo , 24º02’14’’S, 47º22’53’’W, 425 m, 29 March 2013, Salino et al. 15646 ( BHCB) .

32 • Phytotaxa 335 (1) © 2018 Magnolia Press

VIVEROS ET AL. A TAXONOMIC MONOGRAPH OF CTENITIS IN SOUTH AMERICA

Phytotaxa 335 (1) © 2018 Magnolia Press • 33

Habitat and distribution:—Terrestrial, endemic to Atlantic Forest, 30–1100 m, from northeastern to southern Brazil ( Fig. 14D ; Tab. 01). This species occurs either in lowlands and slopes of mountainous regions. However, it is more frequent in high elevations.

Notes:— Ctenitis aspidioides can be easily distinguished from other South American 1-pinnate-pinnatifid to 1- pinnate-pinnatisect species by the lamina apex conform (an apical pinna; Fig. 04A) or subconform (the apical pinna with a large adnate lobe; Fig. 04B). Ctenitis aspidioides is similar to C. nervata and also to C. refulgens var. refulgens by the incision of pinnae, which are 1/2–2/3 of the distance between the segment apex and costa (Figs. 05B–C), that are less incised than all the other South American species, and the basal veins from adjacent segments reach the margin at sinus. However, besides conform or subconform lamina apex of C. aspidioides versus the confluent lamina apex of C. nervata and C. refulgens var. refulgens , the scarce indument of C. aspidioides ( Fig. 13A – E ) is more similar to C. nervata . The scales on costa abaxially in C. aspidioides are castaneous or dark brown, linear or filiform, the C. nervata ones are dark brown and deltate or lanceolate, and the C. refulgens var. refulgens ones are light castaneous and linear. The sori of C. aspidioides are indusiate, but the C. nervata and C. refulgens are not. Several specimens of C. aspidioides were with dark sori, due to abortive sporangia (Fig. 08F), as well in C. abyssi , C. fenestralis , C. laetevirens and C. nervata . However, other specimens of C. aspidioides were with sporangia and spores ( Fig. 9C ) apparently viable.

Presl (1822) did not designate a type for Polypodium aspidioides , but an original material, with a label handwritten by Presl, is in PRC (Art. 9.3 of the ICN — McNeill et al. 2012). We here designate this specimen as lectotype of P. aspidioides and its later corresponding combinations, as well as one replacement name and its later corresponding combinations (Art. 9.3 and 9.12 of the ICN — McNeill et al. 2012).

Fée (1873) cited the collection Glaziou 5262 for Aspidium tijucense , without specifying any herbarium. There are three sheets of this collection in P and one in B. We chose one of the sheets in P to be the lectotype (Art. 8.3, Rec. 8A.4, 9.2, 9.5, 9.11, 9.12, 40 Note 1) which has the original large label of Fée with his signature.

Figures

FIGURE 9. Spores of Ctenitis from South America. A: C. ampla (Salino 3257, BHCB). B: C. anniesii (Gasper 851, BHCB). C: C. aspidioides (Salino 8291, BHCB). D: C. bigarellae (Schwartsburd 565, BHCB, from Viveros & Salino 2015). E: C. christensenii (Salino 13408, BHCB, from Viveros & Salino 2015). F: C. deflexa (Salino 2383, BHCB). G: C. distans var. distans (Fontana 4996, BHCB). H: C. distans var. isabellina (Lombardi 6830, BHCB). I: C. equestris var. equestris (Copeland 20, UC). J: C. eriocaulis (Pietrobom 5007, BHCB). K: C. falciculata (Sampaio s.n. R, from Viveros & Salino 2015). L: C. fenestralis (Spannagel 174, NY). Scale bars = 10 µm.

FIGURE 13. Some morphological characters of Ctenitis from South America. A–E: Ctenitis aspidioides (Salino 14908, BHCB). A: abaxial surface of a portion of rachis and two basal segments of a medial pinna. B: sorus with indusium. C: detail of abaxial surface of a medial pinna showing indument. D: petiole scale. E: abaxial costa scale. F–H: C. deflexa (Salino 2383, BHCB). F: abaxial surface of a portion of rachis and two basal segments of a medial pinna. G: rachis scale. H: abaxial costa scale. Scale bars in A = 1 cm; B = 0.5 mm, C–H = 1 mm.

FIGURE 14. Distribution of four species of Ctenitis in South America. A: C. abyssi. B: C. ampla. C: C. anniesii. D: C. aspidioides.