Cothurnia buetschlii Zelinka, 1914

Neuhaus, Birger, Lu, Borong, Yamasaki, Hiroshi & González-Casarrubios, Alberto, 2023, Epibiontic life on intertidal Setaphyes kielensis and S. dentatus (Kinorhyncha, Pycnophyidae) from Sylt, North Sea, Germany, with a description of a new species of Trematosoma (Ciliophora, Acinetidae) and a redescription of Cothurnia buetschlii (Ciliophora, Vaginicolidae), Zootaxa 5343 (5), pp. 439-470 : 451

Cothurnia buetschlii Zelinka, 1914

( Figs 5J , 6–9 ; Tables 1 , 3 , 4 , 6 )

Figures

FIGURE 5. Setaphyes kielensis (A, ZMB 12489; B, ZMB 12500; C, ZMB 12499; D, ZMB 12487; J, ZMB 12486; L, ZMB 12397; M, ZMB 12369) and S. dentatus (E–G, K, ZMB 12503; F, H, I, ZMB 12494) with specimens of Trematosoma husselae sp. nov. (A–G, J–M), Cothurnia buetschlii (J), and a case of fungus or developmental artefact (H, I, ZMB 12494), DIC. A. Segments 1–4, lateral and dorso-ventral view on the calyciform, dorso-ventrally compressed lorica with the zooid, ventrolateral view on basibiont. B. Epibiont with swarmer, stalk, and lorica in optical section. C. Epibiont with two macronuclei not fusing at any focal level. D, E. Young, small, spherical epibionts with few tentacles, not all tentacles in focus. F. Young specimen on cuticle of basibiont with striation pattern on surface (arrows). G. Epibiont with tentacles in empty shell of suctorian epibiont. H, I. Segment 10, dorsally (H) and optical section (I), subcuticular fungus or internal sclerotisation artefact of the cuticle (arrows). J. Assemblage of epibionts on segment 10 of basibiont with C. buetschlii (contracted specimen left, extended specimen right), T. husselae sp. nov., and two kinds of filamentous bacteria. Arrows mark endostyle. K. Suctorian on segment 7 of S. dentatus. L, M. Specimens collected 1998, showing cellular substructures (L) and withdrawn zooid with minimum amount of cellular substructures (M). Extended focus images of six (D), eight (H, L), and three (K) images. Arrowheads mark stalks in B, D, E, G, and J. Abbreviations: ba, bacteria; ca, basal cavity in lorica; co, C. buetschlii; en, endostyle; lo, lorica; ma, macronucleus; s, segment, followed by segment number; sc, spherical cavity; sp, sperm; st, stalk; su, suctorian epibiont; sw, swarmer; te, tentacle; tu, tube on segment 2. Scale bar in A 50 µm, in B 20 µm, valid for B, G–J and M, in C 20 µm, valid for C, K, and L, and in D–F 10 µm.

FIGURE 6. A, B. Drawing of Cothurnia buetschlii (specimen 2) ventrally on segment 10 of Setaphyes kielensis (ZMB 12486) as longitudinal optical section (A) and lorica in cross-section (B). Abbreviations: an, annulation on surface of zooid; en, endostyle with striae; inf, withdrawn infundibulum with cilia; lo, lorica; ma, macronucleus; mi, micronucleus; po, pore in cementing mass; sc, spherical cavity; st, stalk with internal striae; zo, zooid. Scale bar 30 µm.

FIGURE 7. Setaphyes kielensis (ZMB 12468) with epibionts, SEM. A. Segments 1–11, ventral-right. B. Segments 4–8, ventral view. Arrows mark laterally recessed anterior margin of lorica of Cothurnia buetschlii. Abbreviations: co, Cothurnia buetschlii; fp, filamentous prokaryotes; lts, lateral terminal spine; s, segment, followed by segment number; se, seta; su, suctorian epibiont; tu, tube. Scale bar in A 100 µm and in B 20 µm.

FIGURE 8. Setaphyes kielensis (A, ZMB 12468; B, ZMB 12474) with epibionts, SEM. A. Segment 6, left side. Arrow marks laterally recessed anterior margin of lorica of Cothurnia buetschlii. B. Segments 8–10, dorsal view.Abbreviations: co, Cothurnia buetschlii; fp, filamentous prokaryotes; s, segment, followed by segment number; su, suctorian epibiont; te, tentacles. Scale bar in A 10 µm and in B 20 µm.

FIGURE 9. Setaphyes kielensis (ZMB 12486), segment 10 with Cothurnia buetschlii (specimens 1–4), ventral view. A. Overview of position of epibionts. Numbers indicate specimens of C. buetschlii (comp. also Table 6). B–G. Specimens 3 (B) and 4 (C–G), images 8 (C), 15 (D), 19 (E), 24 (F) and 28 (G) showing surface annulation of zooid (C, D), internal longitudinal striae of stalk and endostyle (D–F), and attachment site of stalk to the cuticle of the basibiont (G, arrowheads). Note elongate macronucleus and numerous micronuclei (E–G). White arrows (D, E) mark basal outer margin of lorica, black arrows (D, E) point to bottom margin of lorica. Abbreviations: an, annulation on surface of zooid; ci, ciliae; en, endostyle; in, withdrawn infundibulum; lo, lorica; lts, lateral terminal spine; ma, macronucleus; mi, micronucleus; ps, penile spine; sc, spherical cavity; st, stalk; su, suctorian epibiont; zo, zooid. Scale bar in A 50 µm and in D 20 µm, valid for B–G.