Copris (Paracopris) javanensis Bui, Ziegler & Bonkowski, 2019

Bui, Van Bac, Ziegler, Thomas & Bonkowski, Michael, 2019, Checklist of beetles in the subgenus Copris (Paracopris) Balthasar from Asia with description of a new species, and redescription of Copris (Paracopris) punctulatus Wiedemann (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae), Zootaxa 4712 (1), pp. 51-64 : 54-57

Copris (Paracopris) javanensis Bui, Ziegler & Bonkowski , new species

( Figs. 1 A–D, 2A, C–E, 3A)

Type locality. Indonesia, Java, Mt. Moeria .

Type specimen. Holotype: male ( MNHN), “ Indonesia, Java | Mt. Moeria, 3–4000’ | ex Coll. R. Oberthür ” . Paratypes: 4 males and 7 females ( MNHN), same data as for holotype .

Description of holotype. Male. Total body length 15.5 mm, maximum body width 7.5 mm. Whole surface chocolate brown. Mouthparts and antennomeres 1–6 reddish brown. Antennal club and setae on legs yellow.

Head 4.2 mm long and 5.0 mm wide. Clypeal surface smooth and impunctate; clypeal apex strongly upwards protruded, and widely and shallowly emarginate. Genae rectangular, distinctly separated from clypeus by well-defined suture; most surface of genae smooth, except for small areas in middle sparsely and weakly punctate. Surface of vertex distinctly punctate; punctures denser and deeper at areas near eyes. Cephalic horn small but distinct. Antenna with 9 antennomeres; antennomere 1 longer than antennomeres 2–6 combined and also antennal club.

Pronotum 5.2 mm long and 6.8 mm wide, and without anterior declivity. Pronotal anterior margin slightly forwards curved in middle; anterolateral angles obtuse. Pronotal disc with weak median sulcus; sulcus not extending to pronotal anterior margin. Whole surface of pronotum deeply and densely punctate; most punctures equal in size, except for punctures near sulcus slightly larger. Each pronotal side with one deep and large excavation.

Anterior angles of prothorax flat, and shallowly and sparsely punctate on ventral side.

Elytra (ElyL 8.5 mm) deeply striate; striae weakly, sparsely and equally punctate. Elytral intervals convex, and deeply and densely punctate; interval punctures evenly distributed and relatively equal in size. Each elytron with one rather abrupt vertical flattening near sutural angle.

Mesepimeron and metepisternum flat and weakly punctate. Mesosternum strongly rugose. Metasternum relatively smooth, and with median distinct groove; sides of metasternum sparsely and shallowly punctate, and without setae.

Legs. Ventral surface of profemora strongly punctate; punctures unevenly distributed, and unequal in size, becoming denser and smaller towards anterior margin of profemora; a few punctures at posterior half of profemora with yellow and long setae. Anterior margin of profemora with yellow, dense and long setae. Protibia with four lateral teeth, and protibial surface strongly and unevenly punctate. Protibial spurs pointed, slightly curved outwards near apex, and equal in length to protarsomeres 2–4 combined. Protarsomere 1 and 5 equal in length, and both slightly longer than individual protarsomere 2–4. Mesofemora smooth and impunctate on ventral side. Mesotibia smooth and broadly dilated at posterior end; mesotibia with two spurs, one of which blunt, one longer and pointed. Mesotarsus with five tarsomeres, and all mesotarsomeres with yellow scanty setae; basal mesotarsomere elongated, almost equal in length to mesotibial spurs. Most ventral surface of metafemora smooth and impunctate, except for apical third sparsely punctate. Metatibia smooth and broadly dilated at posterior end, and with one spur pointed. Metatarsus with five tarsomeres covered with yellow scantly setae; basal metatarsomere apically enlarged, and shorter than metatibial spur.

Abdomen and pygidium. Abdominal ventrites smooth, impunctate, and narrower at midline. Pygidium (PyL 1.5 mm; PyW 3.1 mm) with margin complete; pygidial surface slightly convex, and deeply punctate; punctures dense but clearly separated.

Aedeagus. Phallobase slightly longer and wider than parameres. A broad angle almost reaching 180º formed by phallobase and parameres. Parameres slightly curved downwards in apical part.

Sexual dimorphism. Female paratypes differ from the male holotype in the following characters: Clypeal anterior margin not protruded in middle, and without emargination. Head with one slightly curved transverse carina between clypeus and frons. Pronotal anterior margin strongly forwards curved in middle.

Variability. Body length 11.5–16.5 mm, body width 6.0– 7.5 mm (n=12). The two males are larger, compared to the holotype possess a more strongly protruded clypeus upwards but similar in the remaining characters. There are no significant differences in external morphology among the female specimens examined.

Differential diagnosis. The new species strongly resembles Copris (Paracopris) punctulatus sensu lato that is widely distributed in Asia: Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia, Thailand, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, China and India, but has a consistently different pygidial surface and anterior pronotal margin (see detailed diagnostic characters separating these two species in Table 1 ).

The males of both Copris (P.) javanensis new species and C. (P.) punctulatus sensu lato possess a clypeal apex strongly upwards protruded and shallowly and widely emarginated, making these two species distinct from most Asian members of the subgenus Paracopris (for details see Table 2 ), except for C. (P.) pedarioides , C. (P.) surdus and C. (P.) cariniceps . The three latter can be clearly distinguished from the two former due to having very densely to contiguously punctate elytra and very densely and deeply punctate genae ( Figs. 3 A–C). In addition, characters on the male cephalic horn clearly differentiate C. (P.) pedarioides and C. (P.) surdus from C. (P.) javanensis new species and C. (P.) punctulatus sensu lato. In the two former, the male cephalic horn is relatively long, whereas in the two latter, the male cephalic horn is small. The males of C. (P.) cariniceps bear a clypeus strongly longitudinally carinate in middle, distinctly separating this species from C. (P.) javanensis new species and C. (P.) punctulatus sensu lato whose clypeus has no longitudinal carinae.

Etymology. The specific epithet “javanensis” refers to the name of the type locality, Java ( Indonesia).

(*) Ochi & Kon (1996: 25) originally showed the clypeus of Copris (Paracopris) kasagii with distinct emargination: “Clypeus produced as a reflexed point in the middle, which is medially notched as obtuse angle and distinctly bidentate, from anterior aspect”, though the illustrated photos ( Ochi & Kon 1996: 26) showed an indistinctly emarginated clypeal anterior margin. However, both the description and photos of C. (P.) kasagii by Ochi & Kon (1996) showed that the clypeal anterior margin was not protruded, clearly distinguishing C. (P.) kasagii from the new species. (**) We have not been able to examine the following five newly discovered species: Copris (Paracopris) bartolozzii , C. (P.) chinmontanus , C. (P.) montreuili , C. (P.) olivieri and C. (P.) popaensis . The original descriptions and illustrations showed clear separation in clypeal morphological characters between these five species and Copris (P.) javanensis new species ( Table 2 ). In addition, the densely to contiguously punctate elytra of C. (P.) bartolozzii , C.(P.) chinmontanus , C. (P.) montreuili and C. (P.) popaensis differentiate these species from Copris (P.) javanensis new species, while the deep median sulcus of pronotal disc of C. (P.) olivieri differentiates it from the new species.

Figures

FIGURES 1A–D. Holotype (A, B) and female paratype (C, D) of Copris (Paracopris) javanensis Bui, Ziegler & Bonkowski, new species. A, C, habitus, dorsal view; B, D, habitus, ventral view.

FIGURES 2A–F. Diagnostic characters separating Copris (Paracopris) javanensis Bui, Ziegler & Bonkowski, new species (A, C, E) from C. (P.) punctulatus punctulatus (B, D, F). A, B, anterior pronotal margin; C, D, pygidium; E, F, aedeagus in lateral view.

FIGURES 3A–C. Surface of elytral intervals of Copris (Paracopris) species. A, Copris (P.) javanensis Bui, Ziegler & Bonkowski, new species; B, Copris (P.) punctulatus punctulatus; C, Copris (P.) cariniceps.

Tables

TABLE 1. Diagnostic characters separating the new species from Copris (Paracopris) punctulatus sensu lato (see also Figs. 2A–F).

Characters	Copris (P.) javanensis new species	C. (P.) punctulatus sensu lato
	(12 specimens examined)	(9 specimens examined)
Coloration	Chocolate brown	Reddish brown
Anterior margin of pronotum in males	Slightly forwards curved in middle	Slightly backwards curved in middle
	( Fig. 2A )	( Fig. 2B )
Anterior margin of pronotum in	Strongly forwards curved in middle	Slightly forwards curved in middle (Fig.
females	( Fig. 1C )	4C)
Punctures on pygidium surface	Clearly separated ( Fig. 2C )	Contiguous ( Fig. 2D )
Phallobase width relative to parameres	PhaW slightly wider than PaW	PhaW greatly wider than PaW ( Fig. 2F )
width	( Fig. 2E )
Shape of parameres	Slightly curved downwards in apical	Strongly curved downwards in apical part
	part ( Fig. 2E )	( Fig. 2F )

TABLE 2. Diagnostic characters of clypeus separating the new species from the other Copris (Paracopris) species (based on the specimens examined by us in MNHN and NMPC, and data published by Wiedemann 1823; Arrow 1931; Balthasar 1939, 1963; Ochi & Kon 1996; Hanboonsong et al. 2003; Ochi et al. 2019a,b)

Species	Character of clypeus (males)
Copris (P.) javanensis new	Clypeal apex distinctly upwards protruded, and widely and shallowly emarginated.
species
C. (P.) anomiopseoides	emarginaC. (P.) andrewesi	Clypeal apex deeply and almost semicircularly emarginated; middle part of emarginaC. (P.) andrewesi tion strongly protruded upwards, and bifurcated. Clypeal apex strongly reflexed and emarginated; middle part of emargination protruded,	tion strongly protruded upwards, and bifurcated. Clypeal apex strongly reflexed and emarginated; middle part of emargination protruded,
emarginaC. (P.) andrewesi	tion strongly protruded upwards, and bifurcated. Clypeal apex strongly reflexed and emarginated; middle part of emargination protruded,
C. (P.) bartolozzii (**)	emargination weakly produced forward, forming small, rounded and reflexed tooth” ( Ochi et al.		forming a rounded lobe. “Clypeal margin rather broadly but shallowly emarginate at apex, each side of emargination weakly produced forward, forming small, rounded and reflexed tooth” ( Ochi et al.
emargination weakly produced forward, forming small, rounded and reflexed tooth” ( Ochi et al.
C. (P.) chinmontanus (**)	2019b) “Clypeus with anterior margin suddenly produced upward as a clypeal horn at middle,
which is curved backward near the pointed apex, ca. 1.2 mm in length in lateral view…”
C. (P.) compressipennis	( Ochi et al. 2019a) Clypeal apex widely emarginated, and not protruded.
C. (P.) cribratus	Clypeal apex distinctly emarginated, and not protruded.
C. (P.) davisoni	Clypeal apex upwards protruded, forming one backwardly curved and pointed horn.
C. (P.) excisus	Clypeal apex widely and deeply emarginated, forming a pair of slender lateral processes
C. (P.) furciceps	forwards directed. Clypeal apex deeply and widely emarginated, and with one backwards and pointed horn
C. (P.) imitans	in middle. Clypeal apex reflexed, and weakly emarginated; middle part of emargination upwards
C. (P.) kasagii (*)	protruded, forming one short erect process. Clypeal anterior margin distinctly bidentate in middle, and not protruded.
C. (P.) montreuili (**)	“Clypeus with antero-median portion noticeably broadly incised, posterior portion of the
incision developed as a short straight prominence which is strongly inclined backward”
C. (P.) olivieri (**)	( Ochi et al. 2019b). “Clypeus with a slender horn situated at middle just behind clypeal margin, which is ca.
1.7 mm long in lateral view, slightly curved backward, another short point a little behind
the cephalic horn is present, which is ca. 0.3 mm in height and slightly inclined forward”
C. (P.) popaensis (**)	( Ochi et al. 2019a). “Clypeus also with another stout subtriangular horn which is situated at median portion
of clypeus, ca. 2.1 mm in length in lateral view, flat on anterior face, strongly comC. (P.) punjabensis pressed on both sides and bidentate at apex” ( Ochi et al. 2019a). Clypeal apex shallowly emarginated; middle part of emargination protruded, forming a		comC. (P.) punjabensis	pressed on both sides and bidentate at apex” ( Ochi et al. 2019a). Clypeal apex shallowly emarginated; middle part of emargination protruded, forming a
comC. (P.) punjabensis	pressed on both sides and bidentate at apex” ( Ochi et al. 2019a). Clypeal apex shallowly emarginated; middle part of emargination protruded, forming a
C. (P.) ramosiceps	rounded tongue-like lobe. Clypeal apex protruded, forming one upwards protruded horn which widely bifurcated;
C. (P.) signatus	two branches upwards and backwards curved. Clypeal apex with two narrow and almost parallel processes.