Compsodactylus martinezi ( Frey, 1972 ) Frey, 1972

Fuhrmann, Juares, 2012, Compsodactylus, a new South American genus with one new species and two new combinations (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae), Zootaxa 3577 (1), pp. 43-57 : 45-46

Compsodactylus martinezi ( Frey, 1972) new combination

( Figs. 1–4 , 12–26 , 28–35, 37 , 40–60, 62 , 63–69, 72–73 , 76 )

Dicrania martinezi Frey 1972: 71 ; Evans 2003: 265 (catalog); Evans & Smith 2005: 223 (catalog), 2007: 225 (catalog), 2009: 228 (catalog).

Diagnosis. Body fusiform in lateral view, with green reflections; clypeus with denticle-like setae; elytral striae distinctly punctate.

Description. Body ( Figs. 1–3 ) fusiform in dorsal and lateral view, length 7.2–8.0 mm, width 3.8–4.0 mm at the middle of elytra. Color dark-brown on head and thorax, yellow on legs and abdomen; frons, pronotum, elytra with green reflections. Head ( Figs. 4 , 12 ) width 1.4–1.5 mm. Width of eye in dorsal view about 6.8 times narrower than interocular area. Epistomal suture straight. Frons and clypeus with denticle-like setae. Galea ( Fig. 25, 26 ) with 8 teeth. Pronotum ( Figs. 28–30 ) length 2.4–2.6 mm, width 2.9–3.1 mm. Protarsal claws with anterior tooth narrower and longer than internal tooth. Scutellum as large as anterior elytral margin or near so. Elytral striae thickly punctate, female with smaller punctation. Posterior wing ( Figs. 52–60 ) with AP3+4 conspicuous. Female metafemur slightly enlarged, without modified setae; male metafemur ( Fig. 35 ) greatly enlarged, internodistal area with some teeth (1–3 teeth present and irregularly distributed on both legs), some of them with denticle-like setae; male tibiae ( Figs. 35, 37 ) with ventroproximal indentation and a tooth. Parameres ( Figs. 64–66 ) with ventral side straight. Endophallus ( Figs. 67–69 ) with two darker lateroventral processes, temones thin and without V shaped piece. Female terminalia ( Figs. 72, 73 ). Proctiger indistinct; paraprocts thin; membranous lobe small; gonocoxite proximal pieces large and sparsely punctate and setose, distal pieces medially punctate and with setae in internodistal margin; gonostylus small, free, and densely setose.

Discussion. Compsodactylus martinezi and C. scabrosus have the anterior area of pronotum with denticle-like setae, pale elytra, and elytral striae distinctly punctate. The former can be easily distinguished by the larger size and body with green reflections.

Distribution ( Fig. 76 ). Type series of C. martinezi was collected in Abancay, Apurímac Department, Abancay Province, Peru. Abancay is located at an elevation of about 2400 m in southern Peruvian Andes. The other specimens examined were collected in Limatambo, Cuzco Province, northern limitary municipality to Abancay, Peru.

Natural history. Specimens of C. martinezi were collected in Viguiera (Asteraceae) , a Neotropical plant genus that occurs primarily in seasonally dry, arid, elevated areas ( Panero & Schilling 1988). The species of Compsodactylus have setose mouthparts, slender mandibles, poorly developed incisor, small molar, welldeveloped prosteca; similar mouthparts were also found in Dicrania and Macrodactylus Dejean, 1821 , two known genera that feed on flowers ( Borgmeier 1939; Ritcher 1966). This type of mouthparts has been associated with the consumption of soft part of plants, like flowers or soft fruits ( Krenn et al. 2005).

Type series. Frey (1972) described Dicrania martinezi based in 5 3 and 3 ♀ collected by F. S. Pereira, 29.iii.1968, in Abancay, Province of Apurímac, Peru. The holotype is housed at MACN, 2 paratypes (3, ♀) housed in NHMB (currently depository of the Frey’s collection). The current depository of the female allotype, and 4 paratypes (3 3, 1 ♀) is unknown. The original description also noted three paratypes in MZSP, but this material was not found.

Material examined. PERU: APURÍMAC, Abancay , 2,378 m, 29 March 1968, P. Pereira (collector), 1 3, 1 ♀ (paratypes) ( NHMB); Mara , March 1968, Dehoa (collector), 23, 2 ♀ ( CMNC) ; CUZCO, Limatambo, in Viguiera , 4 March 1964, 2 3, 1 ♀ ( MZSP) .

Figures

FIGURE 76. Compsodactylus species geographic distribution.

FIGURES 1 – 9. 1, 2, 4, Compsodactylus martinezi male habitus (dorsal, lateral, head dorsolateral); 3, C. martinezi female habitus (lateral; arrow shows the posterior margin bordered); 5, 6, C. parvulus holotype female habitus (dorsal, lateral); 7, 8, C. scabrosus holotype male habitus (dorsal, lateral); 9, C. scabrosus female habitus (lateral).

FIGURES 10 – 16. 10, Compsodactylus scabrosus head (dorsal); 11, C. parvulus head (dorsal); 12 – 16, C. martinezi; 12, head (dorsal); 13, epipharynx with details; 14, antenna; 15, hypopharynx; 16, labium.

FIGURES 17 – 27. 17 – 26, Compsodactylus martinezi; 17 – 19, left mandible (dorsal, ventral, molar); 20 – 22, right mandible (dorsal, ventral, molar); 23 – 24 maxilla (dorsal, ventral); 25 – 26 galea (ventral, internal); 27, C. scabrosus galea (internal).

FIGURES 28 – 39. 28 – 35, 37, Compsodactylus martinezi; 28 – 30, prothorax (frontal, posterior, ventral); 31, detail of hypomeron posterior arm; 32, male protarsomere I (internal); 33, male protibia and protarsus; 34, male mesotibia and mesotarsus; 35, male metafemur, metatibia, and metatarsus; 36, C. parvulus female metaleg; 37, C. martinezi male tibial apex; 38, C. parvulus female tibial apex; 39, C. scabrosus male tibial apex.

FIGURES 40 – 45. Compsodactylus martinezi pterothorax; 40, anterior, right without mesoalinotum, limit of meso-metathorax in blue, limit of mesoalinotum-postnotum in green; 41, posterior, right without mesoscutelum; 42, metanotum internal, left with mesopostnotum complex; 43, internodorsal, left without metepisternum-epimeron and associated region; 44, lateral; 45, internolateral. afm, anterior flange of metendosternite; alc, alacrista; alm, anterior lobe of metanotum; apn, postnotal apodeme; awp, anterior notal wing process; ba 2 – 3, meso-metabasalare; dm 2 – 3, dorsal mese-metepimeral arm; em 2 – 3, mesemetepimeron; es 2 – 3, mese-metepisternum; fu 2 – 3, meso-metafurca; its, intersegmentar sclerite; klm, metakatepisternal loop; ls 2 – 3, lateral scutellar arm; mfm, medial flange of metendosternite; msb, metendosternite bridge; mwp, medial notal wing process; pe 2 – 3, meso-metaprealare; ph 1 – 3, first, second, and third phragma; pl 2 – 3, lateral of meso-metapostnotum; pla, pleural arm; pn 2 – 3, meso-metapostnotum; po 2 – 3, meso-metapostalare; pwp, posterior notal wing process; sc 2 – 3, mesometascutum; su 3, metasubalare; st 2 – 3, meso-metascutellum; vt 2 – 3, meso-metaventrite; wp 2 – 3, pleural wing process of mesothorax and metathorax.

FIGURES 46 – 51. Compsodactylus martinezi; 46, pterothorax dorsal, right without mesoalinotum, limit of meso-metathorax in blue; 47, mesepisternum-epimeron and associated (internal); 48, mesoalinotum internal, internoexternal limit in red; 49 – 51, abdomen male (lateral, ventral), female (ventral). aap, anterior abdominal process; im 7 – 8, intersegmentar membrane VII / VIII; lpf, lateral phragma flange; pcp, prealare contact point; ppg, propygidium; pyg, pygidium; smk, scutellar medial keel; us 2 – 8, urosternite II – VIII; ut 1 – 8, urotergite I – VIII; v 1 – 6, ventrite I – VI. Other abbreviations on the last plate.

FIGURES 52 – 62. 52 – 60, Compsodactylus martinezi; 52 – 53, wing (distended, folded); 54, wing articulation and base; 55 – 56, first axillary (dorsal, ventral); 57, head of first axillary (anterior); 58 – 59, second axillary (dorsal, ventral); 60, third axillary (dorsal); 61, C. scabrosus wing distended; 62, C. martinezi posterior view of elytral medial contact section. Ax 1, 2, 3, first, second, third axillary; HP, humeral plate; med, medial plate (with two pieces). Wing base and venal: prefix B, basivenalia; suffix A, anterior; suffix P, posterior; b, BMP-BCu brace; PC, precosta; C, costa; R, radius; M, media; Cu, cubitus; A anal; J, jugal. Wing fold (red): af, anal fold; jf, jugal fold; lf, longitudinal fold; mf, medial fold; tf, transversal fold. Other abbreviations on the last plate.

FIGURES 63 – 75. 63 – 69, Compsodactylus martinezi; 63, male genital ring; 64, aedeagus (lateral); 65, parameres (dorsal); 66, parameres (ventral); 67 – 69, endophallus (lateral), ventral basis detail, ornamentation detail; 70 – 71, C. scabrosus; 70, aedeagus (lateral); 71, parameres (dorsal); 72 – 73, C. martinezi; 72, female terminalia and internal associated region (ventral); 73, female external genitalia; 74, C. parvulus female external genitalia; 75, C. scabrosus female external genitalia. acg, accessory gland; bcx, bursa copulatrix; dgx, gonocoxite distal piece; gst, gonostylus; ovd, oviduct; pgx, gonocoxite proximal piece; ppt, paraproct; sga, spiculum gastrale caudal piece; sgc, spiculum gastrale caudal piece; spt, spermatecae; stg, spermatecae gland; ut 9, urosternite; tem, temones.