Syagrus glazioviana (Dammer) Beccari (1916: 466)

Noblick, Larry R., 2017, A revision of the genus Syagrus (Arecaceae), Phytotaxa 294 (1), pp. 448-450 : 448-450

22. Syagrus glazioviana (Dammer) Beccari (1916: 466) . Cocos glazioviana Dammer (1902: 21) . Lectotype (designated by Glassman [1968b: 370]):— BRAZIL. Goiás: Morro do Frota, near Meia Ponte, 5 September 1894, A.F.M. Glaziou 22254 (lectotype, C! [F neg. 21138], isolectotypes FI, G, K, P!)

Cocos petraea var. alpina Drude in Martius (1881: 426). Syagrus petraea var. alpina (Drude) Beccari (1916: 467) . Syagrus glazioviana var. alpina (Drude) Glassman (1968b: 370) .Type:— BRAZIL. Goiás: Sertão d'Armoleite, September–October 1844, H.A. Weddell 2775 (holotype P!).

Figure 31 plate, Figure 29 map.

Small, solitary palm, usually less than 1.2 m tall, but can vary from 40–120 cm tall. Stem a short underground stem, appearing acaulescent. Leaves 4–8; sheathing leaf base ca. 3–35 cm long; pseudopetiole 6–45(–62) cm long; petiole 4–29 × 0.4–1.1 cm, 0.2–0.7 cm thick; rachis 24–120(–129) cm long; leaflets slightly lighter on the abaxial surface, 10–30(–40) along one side, nearly regular, single near the apex, or in loose clusters of 2–3 near the base, inserted at various but only slightly divergent angles, leaves lie more or less in the same plane, flat, no ramenta scales or tomentum present where the leaflets are inserted on the rachis, and none along the abaxial midvein; basal leaflets 13–40 × 0.1–0.5 cm, middle leaflets 17–60(–69) × 0.6–1.3 cm, apical leaflets 8–40 × 0.1–0.7 cm with an asymmetric tip. Inflorescence erect, usually spicate or less commonly branched; prophyll 6–20 × 0.7–2.2 cm; peduncular bract 12–69 cm long, expanded portion 9.5–29 × 1.2–3.8 cm, including a 0–3(–4) cm beak, 2–6.5 cm perimeter, 1–4 mm thickness, narrow, woody, sulcate, exterior with scattered thin indument; peduncle ca. (3–)5– 38(–50) cm long × 3–7 mm thick, elliptical in cross-section, glabrous; inflorescence axis 5–26 cm long; rachis absent but rarely to 5 cm long; rachillae 1–3(–6), glabrous, 4–13(–17) cm long at the apex, 1.5–11 cm long at the base; staminate flowers 7.8 mm long at the apex, 8.0 × 2.6–4.8 mm at the base, green to yellow, sepals 1.5–2.0 × 1

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Phytotaxa 294 (1) © 2017 Magnolia Press • 89 mm, glabrous, petals 6.9 mm long at the apex, 8.0 × 2.2–2.6 mm at the base with acute tips, nerves indistinct, stamens 4.4–5.1 mm long [original description says 10 mm], anthers 3.7–4.8 mm long, filaments 0.7–1.1 mm long, pistillode less than 0.5 mm long; pistillate flowers pyramidal to conical, ca. 9 × 6 mm at the apex, 7–10(–16) × 4–7 mm at the base, yellow, glabrous, sepals 10 × 6–7 mm, petals 9.5–10 × 5–6 mm, glabrous, tips only slightly valvate, not measured, pistil not measured, glabrous, stigmas not measured, glabrous, staminodal ring not measured. Fruit globose, 2.0–3.0 × (1.4–)1.9–2.0 cm, yellowish green when mature, glabrous to tomentose, epicarp less than 1 mm thick, mesocarp thickness not measured, succulent and fibrous: endocarp ca. 2.2–2.5 × 1.6–2.5 cm, thickness not measured; seed ellipsoid not measured, endosperm homogeneous. Germination remote-tubular.

Common name:— ariri, côco-de-raposa, coquinho-da-serra, côco-de-vassoura; acumã, guriri.

Etymology:— The specific epithet, glazioviana , is in honor of the collector Auguste François Marie Glaziou (1828 –1906). He was a French landscape designer and botanist, who was born in Lannion, Brittany. In Paris, he earned a degree in civil engineering and took classes at the Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle. In 1858, Emperor Dom Pedro II asked him to relocate to Rio de Janeiro as director of parks and gardens.

Distribution and habitat:— Found in Mato Grosso, Goiás, Tocantins, Minas Gerais, Piauí (?), and Bahia, Brazil. In Bahia, it is found in the cerrado areas west of the Rio São Francisco in the planalto region of Brazil. This species grows well in variable habitat and soil types within the cerrado, from forested environments to open, semiopen, and very exposed "campo limpo" cerrado environments, from deep fine sandy soils to very rocky soils.

Conservation:— This species appears to be a widely distributed complex spread throughout several Brazilian states. Some are protected within the borders of national parks (i.e. Grande Sertão Veredas) and in relatively untouched low-elevation cerrados that are unsuitable for soybean production. The complex is not completely understood, but until we know more, it can only be classified as least concern, LC.

Phenology:— This palm appears to flower and fruit year around, most specimens collected in flower in September and October but few with mature fruits. The species fruits rarely during the spring months.

Uses:— Leaves are gathered and bound together to make brooms (côco de vassoura). The plant is ornamental, could be used in gardens in tropical or subtropical regions (tolerates weak freezes).

Notes:— This palm has been misidentified as S. petraea , but S. petraea of Bolivia has a different leaflet anatomy. Syagrus petraea has adaxial fiber bundles that are short and narrow and most reach only 1/5 to ¼ the distance across the mesophyll, whereas S. glazioviana has thicker leaflets and longer, thicker fiber bundles, most of which reach 1/3 to ½ the distance across its mesophyll ( Noblick 2013a). This is an acaulescent palm with usually spicate inflorescence, long narrow, often dark bluish green, coriaceous leaflets that are arranged either regularly or in loose clusters.

Syagrus glazioviana is an extremely variable palm. Inflorescences and leaves vary in size and even somewhat in shape, partly as a response to soil composition, available light, and soil moisture. Most keys are inadequate in distinguishing this palm species, because its characters are so inconsistent. It forms a confusing complex, and perhaps there is some introgressive hybridization with other cerrado palms. More field and laboratory research is needed to make any sense out of this. The large series of collections certainly testifies to the struggle to understand and document the variation in this species.

In Bahia, plants with shorter (ca. 10–12 cm in length) and more depauperate peduncular bracts and smaller leaves with more tightly clustered leaflets belong to S. allagopteroides . The longer or larger peduncular bracts (to 61 cm) probably belong to S. glazioviana . Occasionally on the same plant, or different plants in the same population, S. glazioviana will display branched inflorescences with up to 6 rachillae. The leaves are long with loosely spaced leaflets, often regularly arranged near the leaf tip, but in irregular loose groups of ca. 2 or 3 leaflets near the base. The larger leaves of S. glazioviana are more apt to have regularly spaced to lose groupings of leaflets. The fruits seem to be consistent in size.

Most recently this species was studied in the northern portion of Minas Gerais and Goiás, and most of the measurements for this palm come from the Minas Gerais collections.

Representative specimens:— BRAZIL. Bahia: Baianópolis, 2 km E of the village of Mandacaru, 770 m, – 12.30, –44.53, 14 October 1988, L.R. Noblick & J.L. de S. Lima 4624 (CEPEC!, F!, HTSA!, UC!, US!); Barreiras, 28 km W of Barreiras, cerrado, associated with Bactris [ Astrocaryum campestre ] and Attalea , 23 August 1976, S.F. Glassman 13043–13046 (F!, MO!, SP!); Barreiras, 10 km L. da divisa Goiás-Bahia, 9 October 1981, G. Hatschbach 44102 (MBM!, NY!); Barreiras, 18 km N of the BR 020 at Posto Cerradão (66 km W of Barreiras). Cerrado vegetation with fine light brown sandy soils, 740 m elevation, –12.13, –45.00, 26 October 1988, L.R. Noblick & J.L.

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Phytotaxa 294 (1) © 2017 Magnolia Press • 91 de S. Lima 4670 (HTSA!, F!, IPA!); Coribe, 13 km nordeste da cidade na BA 172, 600–700 m, –13.83, –44.47, 31 January 1986, L.R. Noblick & J. Lobo 4521 (F!, HUEFS!); Coribe, 12 km S of the city on the road to Côcos , 660 m, –13.83, –44.47, 18 October 1988, L.R. Noblick & J.L. de S. Lima 4643 (CEN!, CEPEC!, F!, HTSA!, NY!); Cristópolis, Agua Doce, 11 km E of Cristópolis on BR 242, 720 m, –12.23, –44.42, 13 October 1988, L.R. Noblick & J.L. de S. Lima 4616 (HTSA!, F!), 4617 (BAH!, CEN!, CEPEC!, F!, HTSA!, K!, MICH!, MO!); Correntina, na estrada para Brasília (local Rosário), 980 m, –13.94, –46.19, 5 March 2009, H. Lorenzi 6643 (HPL!); Jaborandi, 12 km S of the Rio Arrojado on road, Correntina/Jaborandi, 600 m, –13.53, –44.28, 17 October 1988, L.R. Noblick & J.L. de S. Lima 4636 (CEPEC!, F!, GH!, HTSA!); Jaborandi, 5 km N of the village of Gatos, 640 m, –13.53, – 44.28, 17 October 1988, L.R. Noblick & J.L. de S. Lima 4637 (CEPEC!, F!, HTSA!); Santana, ca. de 10 km ao noroeste da cidade na estrada Santana/Baianópolis em cima de planício da serra, 700–850 m, –12.98, –44.05, 3 January 1986, L.R. Noblick & J. Lobo 4527 (CEPEC!, F!, FTG!, HRB!, HUEFS!, K!, NY!, RB!, SP!); São Desidério , 8 km W of São Desidério on road to Sítio Grande, 660 m, –12.37, –45.97, 24 October 1988, L.R. Noblick & J.L. de S. Lima 4659 (F!, FTG!, HTSA!), 4662 (CEPEC!, F!, FTG!, HTSA!). Distrito Federal: Brasília, Área de Chapada, CPAC, km 18, 22 May 1979, S.P. Almeida et al. 60 (CEN); Brasília, CPAC— Planaltina, BR – 020, km 18. Área de Chapada, 22 May 1979, S.P. Almeida et al. 72 (CEN); Brasília, EEJBB, 102 m, –15.87, – 47.85, 14 June 2005, S.F.N. Aguiar 110 (HEPH); Brasília, Jardim Botânico de Brasília, –15.87, –47.83, 18 June 2004, C. Bernardes 3 (UB!); Brasília, Fazenda Sucupira, –16.50, –48.00, 5 April 2007, P.S. Carvalho 163 (UB!); Brasília, Chapada da Contagem, DF-001; km 11,3 do posto Colorado, 1160 m, 12 July 1990, T.B. Cavalcanti et al. 494 (CEN); Brasília; A cerca de 2 km a leste do balão da Escola Fazenda, 1000 m, –15.83, –47.80, 2 June 1992, Cavalcanti, T.B. et al. 1230 (CEN); Brasília, CPAC Área de Chapada-Bloco "A" do Experimento 11, 1175 m, – 15.59, –47.71, 22 August 1979, M.C.A. Conceição & J.C. de S. Silva 95 (CEN); Brasília, CPAC-bloco "B" do Exp. 112. Planaltina 1175 m, –15.59, –47.71, without date, M.C.A. Conceição & J.C. de S. Silva 142 (CEN); Brasília, Cerrado próximo á Escola Fazendária (RECOR), á direita, –15.78, –47.93, 24 September 1979, L. Coradin et al. 2357 (CEN, UB!); Brasília, Na DF-100 A 99, 7 km do CENARGEN/EMBRAPA 1085 m, –15.88, –47.38, 5 May 1992, T.A.B. Dias et al. 100 (CEN); Brasília, Gama, Parque Recreativo e Reserva Ecológica do Gama, –16.05, – 48.05, 4 April 2001, B.M Gomes et al. 291, 292 (UB!); Brasília, Universidade, UnB to Av. das Nações path, (E); 0, 7 km to laundry, 800–1200 m, –15.48, –47.32, 13 January 1970, R. Goodland 4239 (UB!); Brasília, Estação Ecológica de Águas Emendadas, ca. 30 km NE of Brasília. The divide of the Tocantins basin (Corrego Vereda Grande-Rio Maranhão); and the Paraná basin (Corrego Brejinho-Rio São Bartolomeu ); is located in the reserve, – 15.58, –47.58, 17 September 1998, G. Gottsberger & I.S. Gottsberger 21-170998 (UB!); Brasília, Parque Nacional de Brasília, –15.78, –47.93, 5 September 1974, E.P. Heringer 13940 (UB!); Brasília, Jardim Botânico de Brasília, 1025–1150 m, –15.87, –47.85, 16 April 1998, R.C. Martins & Ramos 204 (UB!); Brasília, Estação Ecológica do Jardim Botânico de Brasília, –15.78, –47.93, 21 April 1998, R.C. Martins 214, 215, 216 (UB!); Brasília, Fazenda Água Limpa-UnB, –15.78, –47.93, 11 February 1999, R.C. Martins 224 (UB!); Brasília, Núcleo Rural do Rio Preto, –15.78, –47.93, 13 April 1998, R.C. Martins 232, 233, 234 (UB!); Brasília, EEJBB, –15.91, –47.96, 11 July 2006, R.C. Martins 597 C (HEPH); Brasília, JBB Trilha Ecológica, 102 m, –15.87, –47.85, 15 August 2006, R.C. Martins 618 (HEPH); Brasília, Estação Ecológica do Jardim Botânico de Brasília, –15.89, –47.85, 27 April 2011, R.C. Martins et al. 1132, 1134 (UB!); Brasília, Fazenda Água Limpa, –15.92, –47.91, 2 September 2002, R.C. Mendonça 4905 (UB!); Brasília, EEJBB Cristo Redentor, 18 September 2003, L.C. Milhomens 249, 250 (HEPH); Brasília, Centro Olímpico, Universidade de Brasília, 1012 m, –15.77, –47.86, 13 September 2006, S.C. Miranda et al. 1020 (UB!); Brasília, Fazenda, Agua Limpa (Ecological reserve of the Universidade da Brasília), ca. 20 km SSW of the city of Brasília, 1100–1200 m, –15.95, –47.95, 4 May 1992, L.R. Noblick 4861 (FTG!, UB!); Brasília, Universidade de Brasília, –15.78, –47.93, 23 October 1975, F.H.F. Oldenburger 1584 (UB!); Brasília, EEJBB Beira de estrada, 102 m, –15.91, –47.89, 8 June 2006, V.F. Paiva 386 (HEPH); Brasília, vicinity of Sobradinho, 14 September 1964, G.T. Prance & N.T. Silva 59045 (NY!, UB!); Brasília, Parque Nacional, –15.78, –47.93, 4 October 1972, J.A. Ratter 2591 (UB!); Brasília, Fazenda Água Limpa, –15.78, –47.93, 23 September 1976, J.A. Ratter 3640 (UB!); Brasília, Fazenda Água Limpa, ca. 18 SSO da torre da TV, Vargem Bonita, –15.78, –47.93, 26 August 1980, J.A. Ratter et al. 4368 (UB!); Brasília, Fazenda Água Limpa, –15.78, –47.93, 22 October 1980, J.A. Ratter 4563 (UB!); Brasília, Fazenda Sucupira, Riacho Fundo I, 1100 m, –15.88, –48.02, 30 August 2003, F.M. Santos et al. 53 (UB!); Brasília, 1140 m, –15.95, –47.92, 3 October 1987, A.O. Scariot & L. de B. Bianchetti 19 (CEN); Brasília, ARIE do Cerradão, ARIE do Cerradão, –15.85, –47.82, 2 October 2007, J.S. Silva 74 (UB!); Brasília; Condomínio Belo Horizonte, entrada para a Ermida D, 1030 m, –15.80, –47.81, 29 September 2001, G.P. Silva 5451 (CEN); Brasília, Reserva Ecológica do IBGE, –15.92, –47.87, 16 May 2002, M.A. Silva 5296 (UB!);

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Gama, Núcleo Rural Ponte Alta, Recanto dos Buritis, 1073 m, –15.99, –48.19, 22 February 2011, R.C. Martins & Moreira 1125–1130 (UB!); Distrito Federal, Riacho Fundo, Fazenda Sucupira, –15.92, –48.02, 19 May 1999, J.G. Faria 137 (UB!); Distrito Federal, APA de Cafuringa. Região do Catingueiro II. Sítio Flor das Águas, 840 m, – 15.54, –47.97, 3 June 2011, M.R.V. Zanatta et al. 637 (UB!); Goiás: Anápolis, BR 414, saída de Anápolis para Pirenópolis, –16.22, –48.92, 18 December 2010, R.C. Martins et al. 1105, 1106 (UB!); Anápolis, BR 414, depois de Anápolis, –16.15, –48.89, 18 December 2010, R.C. Martins et al. 1110 (UB!); Anápolis, GO-330 towards Leopoldo Bulhões, 7–8 km S of the intersection with BR060/BR-153 (entrance to Anápolis). 700–800, –16.33, – 48.97, 7 May 1992, L.R. Noblick 4866 (FTG!, UB!); Caldas Novas; Alternativa 9; margem direita do Rio Corumbá, 720 m, –17.70, –48.53, 28 October 1993, R.F. Vieira et al. 1779 (CEN); Campinaçu; Estrada Niquelândia- Campinaçu 420 m, –14.05, –48.50, 6 October 1995, T.B. Cavalcanti et al. 1814 (CEN); Campo Alegre de Goiás, Região de Catalão, –17.63, –47.78, 14 August 1996, A.G. Ribeiro 51 (HPL!); Campo Alegre de Goiás, no km 175, lado esquerda para quem sai de Cristalina, 953 m, –17.37, –47.79, 18 June 2008, R. Tsuji et al. 2683 (HPL!); Cocalzinho, BR 414, depois de Cocalzinho, –15.76, –48.43, 18 December 2010, R.C. Martins et al. 1111, 1112, 1113, 1114, 1115 (UB!); Corumbá de Goiás, Corumbá de Goiás, 15 km ao N de Corumbá de Goiás, Serra do Pirineus, 1250–1300 m, –15.92, –48.81, 14 May 1973, W.R. Anderson 10247 (NY!, RB UB!); Corumbaíba, Afluente esquerda do córrego Gameleira, 600, –18.14, –48.56, 23 September 1993, G.P. Silva et al. 1960 (UFG); Cristalina, na estrada para Catalão, 4 October 2004, H. Lorenzi 4935 (HPL!); Cristalina, nas proximidades do Municipio de Cristalina, sentido Catalão (km 180), –16.77, –47.61, 19 June 2008, R. Tsuji et al. 2686 (HPL!); Formosa, Na estrada para Cabeceira de GO, 3 March 2004, H. Lorenzi 4707 (HPL!); Luziânia, Luziânia, –16.25, – 47.95, 18 July 1978, T.S. Filgueiras 234 (UB!); Luziânia; Borda Norte da Chapada, Faz. do Sr. Azarias, 940 m, – 16.35, –48.20, 10 April 2003, G.P. Silva et al. 7507 (CEN); Montes Claros de Goiás, Fazenda Funil, 382, –15.88, – 51.90, 29 May 2010, M.R.V. Zanatta et al. 533 (UB!); Morro da Frota, prés de Meia Ponte, 5 September 1894, A.F.M. Glaziou 22254, 22255 (P!); Morro da Frota, prés de Meia Ponte et ano campos d’Abbada, 10 September 1894, A.F.M. Glaziou 22262 (P!); Mossâmedes, S. Dourada, divisa dos mun. de Mossâmedes ao Sul e Goiás ao Note. Área da UFG, without date, J.A. Rizzo 4200 (UFG!); Niquelândia, Mineradora Anglo American Brasil LTDA, Antiga CODE, –14.13, –48.35, 15 November 20007, M.A. Silva et al. 6246 (UB!); Niquelândia, Estrada que sai da Rodovia Uruaçu-Niquelândia (ca. de 60 km de Uruaçu) em direção a Barra Alto, 600 m, –14.47, –48.46, 15 July 2000, V.C. Souza et al. 23916 (ESA!) [ var. alpina ?]); Niquelândia; Beira de córrego, a cerca de 1 km da Serra Negra , 460 m, –14.47, –48.45, 23 November 1992, R.F. Vieira et al. 1369 (CEN); Planaltina de Goiás, Limite com D.F., without date, R.C. Martins 1077 (UB!); Planaltina, na estrada entre Planaltina e Formosa, ca. 6 km de Planaltina BR-020, 1063 m, –15.63, –47.60, 18 June 2008, R. Tsuji et al. 2684 (HPL!); Prés la Capelinha de Santo Antonio, 21 October 1894, A.F.M. Glaziou 22256 (P!); Uruaçu: Uruaçu-Niquelândia road (GO-237), ca. halfway between Uruaçu and Niquelândia or 60 km E of Uruaçu then S on a dirt road towards Alta Barra, ca. 633 m, – 14.53, –48.70, 15 January 2014, L.R. Noblick & H. Lorenzi 5642 (ESA!, HPL!, K!, FTG!, NY!) [ var. alpina ?]); Minas Gerais: Chapada Gaúcha, na estrada para Arinos, 794 m, –15.31, –45.62, 4 March 2009, H. Lorenzi 6637 (HPL!); Chapada Gaúcha, Parque Nacional de Grande Sertão Veredas on park road ( Formosa /Chapada Gaúcha) just 16 km W of the intersection with the paved road that goes to Chapada Gaúcha. Elevation ca. 872 m, –15.41, – 45.98, L.R. Noblick & H. Lorenzi 5652 (ESA!, HPL!, FTG!, NY!); Chapada Gaúcha, 16 km S of the city in direction of Serra das Araras. Elevation ca. 752 m, –15.38, –45.58, L.R. Noblick & H. Lorenzi 5653 (ESA!, FTG!); Chapada Gaúcha, 18 km E of the city on the road to Montalvania. Elevation ca. 739 m, –15.38, –45.58, L.R. Noblick & H. Lorenzi 5654 (ESA!, HPL!, FTG!, NY!); Chapada Gaúcha, 64 km E of the city on the road to Montalvania. Elevation ca. 788 m, –14.96, –45.18, L.R. Noblick & H. Lorenzi 5655 (ESA!, HPL!, FTG!, NY!); Chapada Gaúcha, 78 km E of the city on the road to Montalvania. Elevation ca. 812 m, –14.88, –45.10, L.R. Noblick & H. Lorenzi 5656 (ESA!, HPL!, FTG!, NY!); Coromandel, na estrada entre Coromandel e Vazante, 980 m, –18.22, –47.08, 17 June 2008, R. Tsuji et al. 2681 (HPL!); Delfinópolis: W of town on BR-464, then turn on road to Cachoeira do Ouro. Elevation ca. 807 m, –20.29, –46.87, L.R. Noblick & H. Lorenzi 5660 (ESA!, HPL!, FTG!, NY!); [Patrocinho], between Patrocinho and Goiás, H.A. Weddell 2536 (P!); São Roque de Minas, Estrada para Cachoeira Casca D'Anta, –20.25, –46.37, 28 September 1995, R. Romero 2972 (HUFU, NY!); São Thomé das Letras, Fazenda dos Correia : Paredão, –21.72, –44.99, 16 November 2002, F.M. Ferreira 402 (RB); Urucuia (Riachinho): at the turnoff from MG-202 for Urucuia. Elevation ca. 520 m, –6.12, –45.86, 28 January 2014, L.R. Noblick & H. Lorenzi 5650 (ESA!, FTG!); Urucuia, entre Urucuia e Pintópolis, 670 m, –16.09, –45.49, 23 August 2011, C.E.B. Proença & S.A. Harris 3839 (OXF, UB!).

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Figures

FIGURE 29. Distribution maps of Syagrus flexuosa, S. glaucescens, S. glazioviana, S. gouveiana, S. graminifolia subsp. cabraliensis, S. graminifolia subsp. glazioviana, S. graminifolia subsp. graminifolia and S. guimaraesensis.

FIGURE 31. Syagrus glazioviana. A. Variable habit of plants from Goiás displayed at Jardim Botânico Plantarum. B. Habit at its type locality on Morro de Frota (Pirenópolis, Goiás). C. Leaf near Coromandel, Minas Gerais. D. Leaf with narrower leaflets near Chapada Gaúcha, Minas Gerais. E. Inflorescence. F. Endocarps. G. Fruits. H. Inflorescences and infructescences with prophylls. Grid is in centimeters. Photo B by Renata Martins.