Coarazuphium amazonicus, Pellegrini & Ferreira, 2017

Pellegrini, Thais Giovannini & Ferreira, Rodrigo Lopes, 2017, Two new troglobitic Coarazuphium Gnaspini, Godoy & Vanin 1998 species of ground beetles from iron ore Brazilian caves (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Zuphiini), Zootaxa 4306 (4), pp. 551-566 : 555-559

Coarazuphium amazonicus sp. n.

Description. Holotype male ( Fig. 4 ). Total length, from the apex of the clypeus to the apex of the elytra: 4.85 mm, width, at widest region of the elytra: 1.59 mm. Body coloration is pale brown ( Fig. 8 E). Dorsal integument covered with short recumbent setae, except for glabrous top of head.

Head. Subtrapezoidal ( Fig. 4 ) with similar width and length, width/length ratio: 0.92. Maximum width of head at its base, 1.09 mm. Head as width as pronotum. Dorsal surface with one pair of setae laterally to eyes (supraorbital setae), and one pair located immediately behind ocular area (occipital setae). Ventral surface with one pair of anterior setae, located outside from gular area ( Fig. 5 A). Eyes reduced and depigmented, ommatidia not evident, situated laterally at the end of antennal impression of the head ( Fig. 5 A).

Antennae. Antennae filiform and flagellar, ( Fig. 4 ) 3.94 mm, 4.87 times longer than pronotum; first antennomere (scape) elongate, shorter than 2–4 together. First antennomere with a long bristle close to the middle; 2nd very short. Segments 3–10 subequal, almost round in cross-section, except for the tip of the terminal antennomere (11th), which is laterally flattened.

Pronotum. Shape trapezoidal, 1.33 times wider than long ( Figs. 4 ). Maximum widths near anterior angle as wide as head. Posterior angle is acute. Dorsal surface with two pairs of erect setae: one close to the anterior angle of the pronotum and the other, shorter, close to the posterior angle. Ventral surface with one pair of anterior setae medially located ( Fig. 5 B).

Elytra hind wings and abdomen. Elytra are free ( Fig. 4 ), together 1.56 times longer than wide. Maximum width nearly middle and 1.48 times wider than pronotum. Apex of elytra is truncate, not sinuate. Seven long umbilicate setae on each elytron: 3 close to the anterior angle, 2 marginal in posterior half, and 2 on posterior margin. Hind wings very reduced ( Fig. 4 B), 0.305 mm long. Abdominal tergites 1–5, glabrous, sixth sternum with a short pair of ventral setae at its posterior margin.

Legs. One basal setae on procoxae and metacoxa; mesocoxa with three setae. Pro-, and mesotrochanter each with one medial setae, metatrochanter glabrous. Profemur with long and short setae. Profemur 1.13 times longer than the mesofemur and 0.80 times the length of metafemur. Protibia 1.12 times longer than the mesotibia and 0.80 times the length of metatibia. Protibia 1.29 times longer than protarsus. Mesotibia 0.92 times the length of mesotarsus; metatibia 0.95 times the length of metatarsus. First tarsomere from pro-, meso-, and metatarsus almost equal to tarsomeres 2–4 together. Length of protibia and tarsus together 2.42 times the length of the pronotum. Length of mesotibia and tarsus 2.56 times, and length of metatibia and tarsus 3.51 times the length of pronotum.

Aedeagus. Phallus slightly curved ventrally and elongate, narrowed apically, apical margin rounded ( Figs. 6 A– C), 0.76 mm long. Left paramere subtriangular, conchoid, about two times longer than wide, 0.32 mm long; right paramere styliform, about 4 times longer than wide, distinctly shorter, 0.19 mm long. Male genital segment triangular shaped.

Female genitalia ( Fig. 7 ). Ovipositor ( Figs. 7 C–D): basal gonocoxite 1 (gc1) almost the same length as apical gonocoxite 2, bearing three (or four) long trichoid setae near distal margin; gonocoxite 2 (gc2), in lateral aspect falciform, apex pointed, with one furrow peg bearing an apical nematiform seta (ans), and surfaces with many marginal pit pegs. Female genital tract totally membranous ( Figs. 7 A–B). Bursa copulatrix (bc) bulbous, expanded anteriorly to insertion point of common oviduct (co). Spermatheca (sp) is markedly elongated and slender, enovelling distally; spermathecal gland and spermathecal gland duct are broken or not visible in both specimens analyzed, spermatheca is located just above bursal saculus (bs).

Variation. Length (from anterior margin of clypeus to apical margin of elytra) of four males 4.49–4.85 mm, and of eleven females 4.53–4.84 mm. On females, Gonocoxite 1 with three or four long trichoid setae. Body coloration varies from yellowish to pale brown. Males and females are very similar, but can be recognized by the male genital segment or female gonocoxites, that can be seen due to tegument transparency of last segment.

Etymology. The epithet is given in designation to the Amazon forest. All specimens were collected at Pará state, located in the Amazon rainforest and so far, this is the most widespread species found in the region.

Differential diagnosis. All characteristics of C. amazonicus are consistent with the description of the genus Coarazuphium . This species differs from all others of the genus by the following combination of characters: reduced and depigmented eyes; maximum width of elytra near middle with almost parallel sides; elytra with apical margin truncate, not sinuate; head dorsally with only one pair of supraorbital setae (posterior pair absent); metafemur without a spine at the middle ventral side; antennae long, about 0.81 times of body length; aedeagus phallus about 2.60 times longer than left paramere and 4.45 times longer than right paramere.

Type material. Holotype: BRAZIL: Pará, Serra dos Carajás, Cave N 5SM2-102 Flona Carajás, PA, 6o07`17.52”S 50o07`52.30”W 571 m asl, ♂, 24.IX.2010, Zampaulo, R.A. et al. leg., (ISLA 2290). Additional material, 10 Paratypes: BRAZIL. Pará: Serra dos Carajás, Flora de Carajás : Paratype 1: Cave N 5SM2-093 (6o07`17.13”S 50o07`55.95”W) 598 m asl, 1♀, 24.IX.2010, Zampaulo, R.A. et al. leg., (ISLA 2292) ; Paratype 2: Cave N5SM2-089 (6o07`14.69”S 50o07`43.74”W) 455 m asl, 1♀, 16.III.2010, Zampaulo, R.A. et al. leg., ( ISLA 2293) ; Paratype 3: Cave N5SM2-046 (6o07`54.20”S 50o08`06.47”W) 502 m asl, 1♀, 20.X.2010, Zampaulo, R.A. et al. leg., ( ISLA 2294) ; Paratype 4: Cave N5SM2-102 (6o07`17.50”S 50o07`52.33”W) 562 m asl, 1♀, 24.IX.2010, Zampaulo, R.A. et al. leg., ( ISLA 2295) ; Paratype 5: Cave N5SM2-057 (6o07`46.73”S 50o08`05.10”W) 532 m asl, 1♀, 16.X.2010, Zampaulo, R.A. et al. leg., ( ISLA 2297) ; Paratype 6: Cave N5SM2-021 (6o07`58.35”S 50o07`51.70”W) 577m asl., 1♀, 27.X.2010, Zampaulo, R.A. et al. leg., ( ISLA 2298) ; Paratype 7: Cave N5SM2- 0 89 (6o07`14.69”S 50o07`43.74”W) 455m asl., 1♀, 16.III.2010, Zampaulo, R.A. et al. leg., ( ISLA 2299) ; Paratype 8: Cave N5SM2-037 (6o07`58.63”S 50o08`04.98”W) 517 m asl, 1♂, 05.IV.2011, Zampaulo, R.A. et al. leg., ( ISLA 5137) ; Paratype 9: Cave N5SM2-057 (6o07`46.73”S 50o08`05.10”W) 532 m asl., 1♀, 16.X.2010, Zampaulo, R.A. et al. leg., ( ISLA 21347) ; Paratype 10: Cave N5SM2-037 (6o07`58.63”S 50o08`04.98”W) 517 m asl, 1♀, 05.IV.2011, Zampaulo, R.A. et al. leg., ( ISLA 7406).

Other material examined. BRAZIL. Pará: Serra dos Carajás , Flora de Carajás : Cave N5SM2-078 (6o07`23.09”S 50o07`48.70”W) 522 m asl . , 1♀, 28.IX.2010, Zampaulo, R.A. et al. leg., ( ISLA 2291); Cave N5SM2-086 (6o07`16.18”S 50o07`47.22”W) 490 m asl . , 1, 15.X.2010, Zampaulo, R.A. et al. leg., ( ISLA 2296); Cave N5W-0003 (6o04`52.29”S 50o08`03.86”W) 658 m asl, 1♀, 30.XI.2016, Pietrobon, T. leg., ( ISLA 21274); Cave N5W-0003 (6o04`52.29”S 50o08`03.86”W) 658m asl . , 1♂, 30.XI.2016, Ribeiro, leg., ( ISLA 21275); Cave N4E-0092 (6o02`23.96”S 50o09`32.50”W) 586 m asl, 1♂, 17.XI.2016, Bernardi, L.F.O. et al. leg., ( ISLA 21276); Cave N4E-0010 (6o02`21.57”S 50o09`39.67”W) 671 m asl, 2♂ 1♀, 09.II.2017, Bernardi, L.F.O. et al. leg., ( ISLA 21344, ISLA 21344, ISLA 21344).

Figures

FIGURE 4. Coarazuphium amazonicus new species. (A) Habitus, dorsal aspect, male holotype. Scale bar = 1.0 mm. (B) Detail of hind wing, female paratype 2.

FIGURE 5. Coarazuphium amazonicus new species, male holotype. (A) head, pronotum and prothorax, lateral aspect. (B) prothorax, ventral aspect. Scale bars = 0.2 mm.

FIGURE 6. Coarazuphium amazonicus new species, male holotype Aedeagus, (A) genital segment, left lateral aspect, (B) genital segment, left lateral aspect, (C) left lateral aspect, (D) dorsal aspect and (E) right lateral aspect. Scale bar = 0.2 mm.

FIGURE 7. Coarazuphium amazonicus new species, female paratype. (A) Reproductive tract, ventral aspect, in blue are represented latero tergite, in red gonocoxite 1 and in green gonocoxite 2, Scale bar = 0.6 mm. (B) Reproductive tract, ventral aspect, Scale bar = 0.5 mm. (C) Gonocoxites lateroventral aspect, Scale bar = 0.15 mm. (C) Gonocoxites, laterodorsal aspect. Scale bar = 0.15 mm. Legend: bc, bursa copulatrix; bs, bursal sacculus; co, common oviduct; sp, spermatheca; gc 1, gonocoxite 1; gc 2, gonocoxite 2; Lt, latero tergite; ans, apical nematiform seta; mpp, marginal pit pegs.

FIGURE 8. (A – D) Occurrence area of C. amazonicus new species (green balls), Coarazuphium tapiaguassu (yellow balls) and C. spinifemur new species (red ball); (A) South America; (B) Para State with geomorphological units in detail; (C) Geomorphological unit of Serra Norte in green and Geomorphological unit of Serra Leste in pink (black dots represents the three Coarazuphium species distribution; (D) C. amazonicus spatial distribution in geomorphological unit of Serra Norte; (E) C. tapiaguassu and C. spinifemur spatial distribution in geomorphological unit of Serra Leste; (F) Live specimen of C. amazonicus sp. n.; (G) Live specimen of C. tapiaguassu, and (H) Fixed specimen of C. spinifemur sp. n.