Clypeaster fervens Koehler, 1922

Filander, Zoleka & Griffiths, Charles, 2017, Illustrated guide to the echinoid (Echinodermata: Echinoidea) fauna of South Africa, Zootaxa 4296 (1), pp. 1-72 : 51-52

* Clypeaster fervens Koehler, 1922

Fig. 57 A–D.

Clypeaster (Rhaphidoclypus) fervens: Mortensen, 1948d: 84 –86. Pl. XIII, Figs 2 , 3 . Pl. XXII, Figs 1–11 . Pl. XXVI, Fig. 2 . Pl. LXV, Figs 7–9 , 12 , 20 .

Clypeaster fervens: Schultz, 2009: 541 , Figs 917–920; Filander & Griffiths, 2014: 55. Pl. II, Fig. G.

Material examined. SAMC-A28220; SAMC-A28214; SAMC-A28223.

Identification. Test oval, concave sides, slightly elevated aborally towards petaliod area. Petals broad, closed, except anterior one, which is open distally. Live specimens reddish brown in color; denuded test white. Global maximum size. Maximum test length 90 m.

Global distribution. East coast region of South Africa ( Filander & Griffiths 2014), Red Sea and East Africa to Malayan Archipelago; at 13 – 110 m depth ( Schultz 2009).

Remarks. Differs from C. eurychorius in its broad petals, with the anterior one opened.

Figures

FIGURE 1. Detail of regular echinoid: upper (Stomopneustes variolaris) and lower (Stereocidaris excavata) side, showing terminology of various body parts.

FIGURE 2. Body plan of an irregular echinoid or sand dollar (Clypeaster rarispinus), showing terminology of various body parts.

FIGURE 3. The body plan of an irregular echinoids or heart urchin (Echinocardium cordatum), showing terminology of different body parts.

FIGURE 4. Tubercle types: A. perforated and non-crenulated (Stereocidaris alcocki). B. non-perforated and non-crenulated (Stomopneustes variolaris). C. perforated and crenulated (Chaetodiadema africanum).

FIGURE 5. Histocidaris elegans (SAMC-A 22212): A. Side view of preserved specimen. B. Apical system of preserved specimen.

FIGURE 6. Eucidaris metularia (SAMC-A 28226): A. Map showing distribution. B. Side view of preserved specimen. C. Apical system of preserved specimen.

FIGURE 7. Kionocidaris striata (MBC-A 022213): A. Map showing distribution. B. Apical system of preserved specimen.

FIGURE 8. Phyllacanthus imperialis (SAMC-A 23447): A. Map showing distribution. B. Aboral view of preserved specimen.

FIGURE 9. Goniocidaris (Goniocidaris) indica: A. Map showing distribution. B. Aboral view of preserved specimen (SAMC- A 23089). C. Side view of preserved specimen (SAMC-A 28235).

FIGURE 10. Stereocidaris alcocki (SAMC-A 28229): A. Map showing distribution. B. Side view (close-up) of preserved specimen. C. Apical system of preserved specimen.

FIGURE 11. Stereocidaris capensis (MB-A 077743): A. Map showing distribution. B. Side view of preserved specimen. C. Close-up apical system of preserved specimen.

FIGURE 12. Stereocidaris excavata (SAMC-A 23320). A. Map showing distribution. B. Side view of preserved specimen. C. Close-up apical system of preserved specimen.

FIGURE 20. Sperosoma biseriatum A. Map showing distribution. B. Aboral view of preserved specimen (Schultz, 2010). C. Oral view of preserved specimen (Schultz, 2010).

FIGURE 57. Clypeaster fervens (SAMC-A 28220). A. Map showing distribution. B. Aboral view of preserved specimen. C. Oral view of preserved specimen. D. Side view of preserved specimen.