Clavulinopsis aurantiocinnabarina ( Schweinitz 1832: 183 ) Corner

Furtado, Ariadne N. M., Daniëls, Pablo P. & Neves, Maria Alice, 2016, New species and new records of Clavariaceae (Agaricales) from Brazil, Phytotaxa 253 (1), pp. 1-26 : 12

Clavulinopsis aurantiocinnabarina ( Schweinitz 1832: 183) Corner

Basidiomata ( Fig. 1h ) 4.0−6.3 × 0.1−0.2 cm, unbranched, caespitose, sometimes gregarious. Clavula golden yellow (5B7) to deep orange (6A8), fading to buff orange (6A5), cylindric, flattened and rugulose; apex subacute to blunt; stipe indistinct. Context deep orange (6A8), not fading, slightly brittle; smell and taste unrecorded. Basidiospores ( Fig. 9a ) 6.0−7.0 × 6.0−6.5 μm (Q=1.07), subglobose, hyaline, sometimes pale yellow, smooth, thin-walled, uniguttulate, inamyloid; hilar appendage up to 1.0 μm long. Basidia ( Fig. 9b ) 43−51 × 7.0−9.0 μm, cylindric-clavate, clamped, immersed in a paraphysoid hymenium; sterigmata (2−) 4, 5.0−9.0 μm long, often with elongate aborted sterigmata. Cystidia absent. Hymenium 70−130 μm thick, with small and irregular crystals. Subhymenium 50−75 μm thick, composed of narrow hyphae 1.5−3.5(−4.0) μm wide, clamped, not inflated. Context with subparallel, hyaline and thin-walled hyphae, clamped; hyphae to 14 μm wide, slightly inflated at the center of the context, and hyphae to 5.0 μm wide, not inflated, next to the subhymenium. Surface of sterile base in two layers; cortical layer to 120 μm thick, perpendicular to medullary layer, with cylindric interwoven hyphae 2.5−3.5 μm wide, loosely attached, thick-walled, clamped; medullary layer composed of slightly inflated and subparallel hyphae, hyphae 7.0−12 μm wide, interwoven with narrow hyphae up to 5.0 μm wide, clamped.

Habitat and distribution:—In the Atlantic Forest this species is found on soil with litter, in the shade. In Brazil it is known from Amazonas ( De Lamônica-Freire 1979), Paraná ( De Meijer 2006) and Santa Catarina (present study). Also known from Canada, China, Panama, Venezuela, Trinidad ( Corner 1950, 1970) and Thailand ( Maneevun & Sanouamuang 2010).

Specimen examined:— BRAZIL. Santa Catarina: Florianópolis, Morro da Lagoa, Trilha do Jipe, 27º59'43"S, 49º47'83"W, 03 December 2013, A.N.M. Furtado 392 (FLOR 56176).

Additional specimens examined:— BRAZIL. Pernambuco: Recife, IPA, 14 June 1951, J.N, Silva n.n. (URM 499). Amazonas: Manaus, Campus do INPA, 26 January 1978, H. Caldas de Souza & M.M.N. Braga n.n. (INPA 72737) ; Itacoatiara, Reserva Florestal Ducke , 26 May 1978, E.M.H. Freire n.n. (INPA 79031) . USA. Ohio: Maumee Valley , 1922, W.R. Lowater n.n. (BPI 295438), ibid., L.D. von Schweinitz n.n. (K 175527) .

Remarks:— Clavulinopsis aurantiocinnabarina is unmistakable in the field, due to its vivid yellow-orange color and non-existent stipe. The stratified sterile surface is diagnostic of this species ( Corner 1950). Petersen (1968) comments that the rich orange and reddish pink states of Cs. amoena are a pale form of Cs. aurantiocinnabarina . Both of these species have subglobose basidiospores, which are slightly wider in Cs. amoena , and inflated hyphae in the trama ( Petersen 1968). However, Clavulinopsis amoena is lighter in color and has a distinct strigose stipe and indistinct sterile base ( Corner 1970, Maneevum & Sanoamuang 2010).

Figures

FIGURE 1. Photographs of basidiomata in the field. a Clavaria diverticulata (ACM 1044); b. Ca. fragilis (ACM 1041); c. Ca. fumosa (ACM 598); d. Ca. gibbsiae (ANMF 484); e. Ca. subglobosa (MAN 732); f. Ca. zollingeri (ANMF 365); g. Clavulinopsis amoena (KEL 21); h. Cs. aurantiocinnabarina (ANMF 382); i. Cs. dimorphica (ACM 1051); j. Cs. helvola (KEL 34); k. Cs. imperata (ANMF 482); l. Cs. laeticolor (ANMF 495); m. Cs. spiralis (MAN 1077); n. Ramariopsis kunzei (ACM 596). Bars = 1.0 cm. Photographs by Altielys C. Magnago (A, B, C, I, N) and Raquel Friedrich (G).

FIGURE 9. Microcharacters of Clavulinopsis aurantiocinnabarina (ANMF 382). a. Basidiospores; b. Basidia. Bars = 10 μm.