Pepsinae

Loktionov, Valery M. & Lelej, Arkady S., 2015, Keys to genera of the spider wasps (Hymenoptera: Pompilidae) of Russia and neighbouring countries, with check-list of genera, Zootaxa 4034 (1), pp. 87-111 : 89-92

Subfamily Pepsinae Lepeletier de Saint Fargeau, 1845

Females (unknown for Kuriloagenia)

1. Prementum or maxillary cardo of labium ( Fig. 2 J) without any conspicuous setae................................. 2

- Prementum ( Fig. 2A ) or maxillary cardo ( Fig. 2 B) of labium with a few to many long stout curved bristles like setae (lateral view).............................................................................................. 12

2. Metatibia dorsally with longitudinal serrate carina, surrounded on both sides by row of spines ( Fig. 4 O). Tarsal claws not bifid, with two and more additional teeth. Orbicular pecten with more than 14, strong, subparallel bristles, distinctly curved apically, at almost equal length, and shorter than orbicula. Marginal cell of fore wing broad, almost parallel-sided..................................................................................................... Hemipepsis Dahlbom

- Metatibia dorsally without longitudinal serrate carina or with row of scale-like teeth, each tooth with short spine ( Figs 4 P, Q). Tarsal claws bifid or not bifid, with additional tooth (except in Platydialepis with two additional teeth). Orbicular pecten with at most 13, weak radiating almost straight bristles, at unequal length: median bristles much longer than lateral ones and much longer than orbicula. Marginal cell of fore wing narrower, lanceolate or subtriangular.............................. 3

3. Brush on inner side of metatibia with subapical constriction or interruption ( Fig. 4 Q), if not (subgenus Chyphonocheilus Wolf ), then propodeum, metapleuron and mesopleuron posteriorly reticulate-rugose, tarsal claws with additional tooth, body length up to 40 mm, body black with rich ferruginous-red pattern. Marginal cell usually broadly rounded apically, rarely almost pointed............................................................................ Cryptocheilus Panzer

- Brush on inner side of metatibia always without subapical constriction or interruption. Marginal cell always pointed apically

................................................................................................... 4 4. Anterior margin of propodeum arched and steeply elevated over deeper metapostnotum. Mesosoma (dorsal view) distinctly narrowed near posterior margin of mesoscutum. Wings normal-sized or strongly reduced: narrowed and diminished to vestigial with reduced venation................................................................ Claveliocnemis Wolf - Anterior margin of propodeum straight or weakly arched and hardly elevated over shallow metapostnotum. Mesosoma not narrowed near posterior margin of mesoscutum. Wings always normal-sized........................................ 5 5. Palpomere 4–6 of maxillary palp much shorter than palpomere 3, palpomere 3 longest. Tarsomere 5 ventrally with pair of lateral rows of spines................................................................................... 6 - Palpomere 4–6 of maxillary palp longer than palpomere 3, palpomere 4 longest. Tarsomere 5 ventrally with a few small spines arising irregularly at median and lateral portions or rather regularly in median row or without spines................... 7 6. Inner margin of eyes convergent above and below ( Fig. 2 D). Vertex convex between tops of eyes. Pronotum depressed definitely along posterior margin and shallowly along midline, with shoulder much swollen. SMC3 of fore wing about as long as distance from SMC3 to outer margin of wing. Tarsal claws bifid.............................. Cyphononyx Dahlbom - Inner margin of eyes convergent above, parallel or divergent below. Vertex usually scarcely convex between tops of eyes, or nearly straight. Pronotum at most slightly depressed along posterior margin or along midline, with shoulder not much swollen. SMC3 length of fore wing less than distance from SMC3 to outer margin of wing. Tarsal claws with additional tooth........................................................................................... Leptodialepis Haupt 7. Discoidal cell 1M of fore wing basally with obscure hyaline area. Tarsal claws with two additional teeth. Apical margin of clypeus bisinuate, arcuately emarginate on each side of midline and slightly roundly produced at both median and lateral portions. Vein 1cu-a of hind wing located distally of M .......................................... Platydialepis Haupt - Discoidal cell 1M of fore wing basally without hyaline area. Tarsal claws with additional tooth. Apical margin of clypeus transverse, at most slightly concave or convex. Vein 1cu-a of hind wing located basally of M ............................ 8 8. Protibia dorso-apically with single very stout curved spine. Pronotum distinctly shortened, with well differentiated vertical smooth face. Vein 1cu-a of fore wing located interstitially or weakly distally of M .................... Caliadurgus Pate - Protibia dorso-apically without single stout curved spine. Pronotum normal, without anterior well differentiated vertical smooth face. Vein 1cu-a of fore wing located distinctly distally of M ........................................... 9 9. Inner side of metatibia with longitudinal sharp groove along upper margin of brush. Propodeum almost impunctate and smooth. S2 with very fine transverse groove........................................... Eopompilus Gussakovskij - Inner side of metatibia without longitudinal sharp groove along upper margin of brush. Propodeum shagreened, punctate or rugose. S2 with strong transverse groove................................................................. 10 10. Abscissa Rs3 of fore wing usually longer, rarely as long as abscissa Rs4, these abscissae not forming obtuse angle. Axilla broad and sometimes not separated medially (Fig. 3D)............................................ Priocnemis Schiødte - Abscissa Rs3 of fore wing much shorter than abscissa Rs4, these abscissae forming distinct obtuse angle. Axilla narrow, wedgelike and broadly separated medially (Fig. 3E)............................................................. 11 11. F1 6.0–7.0 × as long as thick, 0.9 × UID. Orbicular pecten with 8–10 strong long, distinctly decurved setae; arolium abnormally large, apically extending beyond apex of tarsal claw. Mesotibia dorsally almost without spines. Each scale-like metatibial dorsal tooth without setae, strongly polished. Propodeum without sublateral longitudinal impression from spiracle towards apex......................................................................... Ctenopriocnemis Ishikawa - F1 4.2–5.0 × as long as thick, 0.8 × UID. Orbicular pecten with six weak shorter, scarcely decurved setae; arolium normal, apically never extending beyond apex of tarsal claw. Mesotibia dorsally with a few short spines. Each scale-like tooth dorsally on metatibia with setae, not polished. Propodeum with distinct or weak sublateral longitudinal impression from spiracle towards apex................................................................................ Clistoderes Banks 12. Maxillary cardo with fascicle of long stout curved bristles ( Fig. 2 B). Prementum without conspicuous setae........... 13 - Maxillary cardo without bristles or setae. Prementum with several to many long curved, sometimes stout bristle-like setae ( Fig. 2A ).............................................................................................. 16 13. Jugal lobe of hind wing 0.25 × as long as or less then subbasal cell M+Cu2 (Fig. 3B). Pronotum elongated, 0.5–0.6 × as long as broad......................................................................... Myrmecodipogon Ishikawa - Jugal lobe of hind wing at least 0.33 × as long as subbasal cell M+Cu2 (Fig. 3A). Pronotum normal-sized, 0.4 × as long as broad or less than width.............................................................................. 14 14. Pterostigma very large, 1.4–1.5 × as long as SMC2 length ( Fig. 4 B)........................ Stigmatodipogon Ishikawa - Pterostigma normal-sized, as long as or less than SMC2 length (Figs 3A, 4C)................................... 15 15. Antenna shortened, F1 at most 2.5 × as long as thick. Maxillary cardo with a few fine short setae, which usually not touching mandible....................................................................... Nipponodipogon Ishikawa - Antenna not shortened, F1 more than 3.5 × as long as thick. Maxillary cardo with many stout long setae, which touching mandible.............................................................................. Deuteragenia Šustera 16. Metapostnotum slit-like, at most 0.2 × as long as metanotum. Frons and vertex with several long erect black, ensiform setae, and conspicuous brownish-red pubescence................................................ Machaerothrix Haupt - Metapostnotum not slit-like, 0.3 × or more as long as metanotum. Frons and vertex without any setae or with a few fine not flattened setae and grey brown pubescence............................................................... 17 17. Antenna shortened, F1 about 1.0 × as long as scape. Propodeum coarsely strongly sculptured and reticulate-rugose. T6 without pygidial area......................................................................... Poecilagenia Haupt - Antenna not shortened, F1 up to 2.0 × as long as scape. Propodeum shagreened, finely densely punctate. T6 with pygidial area...................................................................................... Auplopus Spinola

Males (unknown for Claveliocnemis )

1. Basal portion of T1 (dorsal view) usually not narrowed and more or less convex-sided ( Fig. 5A ) or occasionally narrowed and parallel-sided ( Fig. 5B ), with lateral crease touching distal half of T1 ( Figs 5E , H). Metasoma about as long and as broad as mesosoma........................................ 2

- Basal portion of T1 (dorsal view) narrowed, petiolate (i.e., T1 narrowed just behind point of articulation with propodeum) ( Figs 5C, D ) or parallel-sided, without lateral crease ( Fig. 5 G), if crease present then usually not touching distal half of T1 ( Fig. 5 F). Metasoma usually small, shorter and narrower than mesosoma........................................... 16

2. Tarsal claws not bifid, with two or more additional teeth. Orbicular pecten with more than 14 subparallel decurved apically setae, which almost equal length and shorter than orbicula. Marginal cell of fore wing very broad, parallel-sided; SMC2 very oblique basally and extending basad to pterostigma; discoidal cell 1M basally with subcircular hyaline area enclosing darker spot............................................................................... Hemipepsis Dahlbom

- Tarsal claws bifid, or not bifid with or without additional tooth. Orbicular pecten with at most 13, radiating, almost straight setae, which unequal length: median setae longer than lateral ones and much longer than orbicula. Marginal cell of fore wing lanceolate or subtriangular, not parallel-sided; SMC2 not oblique basally and not extending basad to pterostigma; discoidal cell 1M basally without fenestra............................................................................ 3

3. Brush on inner side of metatibia usually with subapical constriction or interruption ( Fig. 4 Q), if not (subgenus Chyphonocheilus Wolf ), then propodeum, metapleuron and mesopleuron posteriorly reticulate-rugose, meso- and metatarsal claws with additional tooth, body black with rich ferruginous-red pattern). Marginal cell usually broadly rounded apically ( Fig. 4A ), rarely almost pointed...................................................................... Cryptocheilus Panzer

- Brush on inner side of metatibia always without subapical constriction or interruption. Marginal cell always pointed apically.................................................................................................... 4

4. S2 with strong transverse groove. Palpomere 4–6 of maxillary palp usually shorter than palpomere 3, palpomere 3 longest. Tarsomere 5 ventrally with pair of lateral rows of spines........................................................ 5

- S2 with weak transverse groove. Palpomere 4–6 of maxillary palp usually longer than palpomere 3, palpomere 4 longest. Tarsomere 5 ventrally with a few small spines spreading irregularly at median and lateral portions or rather regularly in median row or without spines................................................................................. 6

5. Pronotum depressed definitely along posterior margin and shallowly along midline, with shoulders much swollen. SMC3 of fore wing about as long as distance from SMC3 to outer margin of wing........................ Cyphononyx Dahlbom

- Pronotum at most slightly depressed along posterior margin or along midline, with shoulder not much swollen. SMC3 length of fore wing less than distance from SMC3 to outer margin of wing............................. Leptodialepis Haupt

6. Apical margin of clypeus bisinuate, usually arcuately emarginate on each side of midline and slightly roundly produced at both median and lateral portions. Vein 1cu-a of hind wing located distally of M. Protarsal claws modified: usually strongly curved and bifid, inner one with broad rounded apically additional tooth ( Fig. 4 T), outer one with acute additional tooth ( Fig. 4 U)...................................................................................... Platydialepis Haupt

- Apical margin of clypeus transverse, at most slightly concave or convex. Vein 1cu-a of hind wing located basally of M. Protarsal claws not modified, symmetrical..................................................................... 7

7. Anterior face of pronotum well differentiated flat, with sharp bend to dorsal face. Meso- and metatibial spurs whitish. Propodeum with dense silver short suberect setae divergented from midline.............................. Caliadurgus Pate

- Anterior face of pronotum not differentiated, more or less convex, with smooth arcuate bend to dorsal face. Meso- and metatibial spurs black, brown, and yellow-brown. Propodeum at most with sparse erect setae not divergented from midline..... 8

8. Posterior margin of T6 with row of dense short equal length bristles. Hypopygium (S8) narrow, not flattened. Metasoma and mesosoma with light spots......................................................... Eopompilus Gussakovskij

- Posterior margin of T6 without row of dense short bristles. Hypopygium (S8) broad, more flattened. Metasoma and mesosoma without light spots................................................................................... 9

9. Flagellomeres not serrate and not convex beneath. Mandible slender, with additional tooth......................... 10

- Flagellomeres distinctly serrate or convex beneath, if indistinctly, then apical half of hypopygium (S8) needle-like with longitudinal carina. Mandible somewhat shortened and thickened, with two or three additional teeth..................... 12

10. Abscissa Rs3 of fore wing usually longer than abscissa Rs4, rarely equal length, these abscissae not forming obtuse angle. Axilla broad and sometimes not separated medially, posterior margin almost in straight line (Fig. 3D). Priocnemis Schiødte

- Abscissa Rs3 of fore wing much shorter than abscissa Rs4; these abscissae forming distinct obtuse angle. Axilla narrow, wedgelike and broadly separated medially (Fig. 3E)............................................................. 11

11. F1 3.6–4.1 × as long as thick, 0.7 × UID. Orbicular pecten with 8–10 strong setae. Propodeum without sublateral longitudinal impression from spiracle towards apex.............................................. Ctenopriocnemis Ishikawa

- F1 2.9–3.3 × as long as thick, 0.5 × UID. Orbicular pecten with 5–6 weak setae. Propodeum with distinct or weak sublateral longitudinal impression from spiracle towards apex........................................... Clistoderes Banks

12. Jugal lobe of hind wing 0.25 × as long as or less then subbasal cell M+Cu2 (Fig. 3B). Pronotum elongated, 0.5 × as long as broad......................................................................... Myrmecodipogon Ishikawa

- Jugal lobe of hind wing 0.35 × as long as subbasal cell M+Cu2 (Fig. 3A). Pronotum normal-sized, at most 0.4 × as long as broad............................................................................................. 13

13. Pterostigma very large, 1.7–1.8 × as long as SMC2 length ( Fig. 4 B)........................ Stigmatodipogon Ishikawa

- Pterostigma normal-sized, as long as or little longer than SMC2 length (Fig. 3A, 4C)............................. 14

14. Antenna not shortened, F1 at least 2.3 × as long as thick, if somewhat shorter, then clypeus yellow with median black spot.................................................................................... Deuteragenia Šustera

- Antenna shortened, F1 at most 1.9 × as long as thick. Clypeus always black..................................... 15

15. Hypopygium (S8) roof-like, basally weakly broadened ( Fig. 5 Q). Paramere 2.0 × as long as parapenial lobe ( Fig. 5 T). Apical flagellomeres convex beneath. Posterior face of propodeum (lateral view) smoothly curved Kuriloagenia Loktionov et Lelej

- Hypopygium (S8) narrow, needle-like, basally distinctly broadened ( Fig. 5 R). Paramere about 1.0 × as long as parapenial lobe ( Fig. 5 S). Apical flagellomeres distinctly serrate beneath. Posterior face of propodeum (lateral view) more abrupt......................................................................................... Nipponodipogon Ishikawa

16. Flagellomeres shortened, F1 at most 2.5 × as long as thick..................................... Poecilagenia Haupt

- Flagellomeres slender, F1 more than 3.0 × as long as thick.................................................. 17

17. Visible apical portion of hypopygium (S8) weakly extending beyond posterior margin of S6. Propodeum coarsely, strongly sculptured and reticulate-rugose. Vein 1cu-a of fore wing forming acute angle with vein A .......... Machaerothrix Haupt

- Visible apical portion of hypopygium (S8) distinctly extending beyond posterior margin of S6. Propodeum densely minutely punctate, at most with fine transverse rugae. Vein 1cu-a of fore wing almost forming right angle with vein A .................................................................................................... Auplopus Spinola

Figures

FIGURE 2. A. Auplopus carbonarius (Scopoli); B. Deuteragenia variegata (Linnaeus); C. Tachypompilus analis (Fabricius); D. Cyphononyx dorsalis (Lepeletier de Saint Fargeau); E. Parabatozonus jankowskii (Radoszkowski); F. Paracyphononyx alienus (Smith); G. Pompilus cinereus (Fabricius); H. Hanedapompilus yamagishii Shimizu; I. Pareiocurgus nomada (Kohl); J. Pepsis sp.; K. Arachnospila trivialis (Dahlbom); L. Agenioideus cinctellus (Spinola); M. Evagetes dubius (Vander Linden); N. Evagetes pectinipes (Linnaeus). A, B, C. Head, lateral view; D – I. Head, frontal view; J. Labium, ventral view; K – N. Antenna. A – H, J, K, L, N, ♀; I, M, ♂. (From: Day 1988; Shimizu 1994, 1996 a, b; Zonstein 2000; Shimizu & Wahis 2005; Loktionov & Lelej 2014).

FIGURE 4. A. Cryptocheilus gyrifrons (Morawitz); B. Stigmatodipogon petiolatus (Lelej); C. Nipponodipogon kurilensis (Lelej); D, E. Arachnospila fumipennis (Zetterstedt); F, G. Evagetes dubius (Vander Linden); H. Homonotus iwatai Yasum atsu; I, R. Pareiocurgus nomada (Kohl); J, K. Gonaporus ecbatanus Wolf; L. Stigmaporus wolfi (S. Zonstein); M, N. Microphadnus griseus S. Zonstein; O. Hemipepsis sp.; P. Priocnemis irritabilis Smith; Q. C. variabilis (Rossius); S. Pamirospila baghira S. Zonstein; T, U. Platydialepis ryoheii (Ishikawa). A, B, C, D, F, I, J, L, M. Fore wing; E, G, H, K, N. Hind wing; O, P. Metatibia, dorsal view; Q. Metatibia, lateral view, inner side; R, S. Comb of protarsomeres 1 – 4, dorsal view; T, U. Protarsal claw (T, inner; U, outer). A – S, ♀; T, U, ♂. (From: Shimizu 1996 a; Zonstein 2000, 2001; Loktionov & Lelej 2014).

FIGURE 5. A, E. Caliadurgus ussuriensis (Gussakovskij); B, H. Ctenopriocnemis filicornis Ishikawa; C, F. Machaerothrix tsushimensis Yasumatsu; D, G. Auplopus kyotensis (Yasumatsu); I. Arachnospila fumipennis (Zetterstedt); J. Anospilus carbonicolor (Gussakovskij); K. Anolpius eous Yasumatsu; L. Ceropales maculata (Fabricius); M. Irenangelus hikosanus Wahis; N. Hanedapompilus yamagishii Shimizu; O, P. Lophopompilus samariensis (Pallas); Q, T. Kuriloagenia ermolenkoi Loktionov et Lelej; R, S. Nipponodipogon rossicus (Lelej); U. Xenaporus tamerlan Zonstein; V. Gonaporus ecbatanus Wolf. A – D. T 1, dorsal view; E – H. T 1, ventral view; I – M. T 5 and S 5, lateral view; N – R. Hypopygium (S 8) (N, O, Q, R, ventral view; P, lateral view); S – V. Genitalia, ventral view. I – M, ♀; A – H, N – V, ♂. (From: Shimizu 1996 a, b; Zonstein 2001; Shimizu & Wahis 2005; Zonstein & Zonstein 2007; Loktionov & Lelej 2014).