Chrysodema (Pseudochrysodema) coelestina Obenberger, 1922

Frank, David & Sekerka, Lukáš, 2020, Studies on the genus Chrysodema (Coleoptera: Buprestidae: Chrysochroinae) part I., Zootaxa 4720 (1), pp. 1-62 : 49-51

Chrysodema (Pseudochrysodema) coelestina Obenberger, 1922 stat. rev.

( Figs 61–66 , 85 )

Chrysodema coelestina Obenberger (1922) : 73 (original description); Obenberger (1928): 148 (description erratum). Chrysodema (Chrysodema) coelestina: Obenberger (1926) : 131 (catalogue); Lander (2003): 21 (revision, as synonym of C. (C.) radians ), 76 (colour Fig. 33 ); Bellamy (2008): 529 (listed as synonym of C. (C.) radians ), 537 (catalogue, in synonymy of C. (C.) radians ).

Chrysodema elongata [misidentification]: Akiyama & Ohmomo (2000): Pl. 44, Figs 464-1, 464-2.

Chrysodema radians var. laevipennis [misidentification]: Obenberger (1926): 131 (catalogue).

Type locality. ‘ Key Island’ [ Indonesia, Maluku Province, Kei Islands] .

Type material examined. LECTOTYPE (present designation): ♂, ‘Key Isles [w, h] // Chrysodema / coelestina m. / Type / Det. Dr. Obenberger [w, h/p] // TYPUS [r, p] // Mus. Nat. Pragae / Inv. 20 072 [orange, p/h]’ ( NMPC). Specimen was provided with an additional red printed label: ‘ LECTOTYPE ♂ / Chrysodema / coelestina / OBENBERGER, 1922 / David Frank & / Lukáš Sekerka des. VIII. 2018 [date handwritten]’.

Additional material examined (10 ♂♂, 75 ♀♀). INDONESIA: MALUKU PROV.: Kai Islands: I. Key, 1 ♀ ( MNHN); Key, 1 ♀ ( MNHN); Key Insel , (7 ♀♀ NMPC ; 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀ ATMR, coll. R. Novak; Key Inseln, coll. Plason (1 ♀ NMPC; 1 ♂, 12 ♀♀ ATMR coll. G. Novak; 3 ♀♀ NMBE); Key Inseln, Austr. Gassner, 1 ♀ ( NMPC); Key Isl., 6 ♀♀ ( NMPC); Key Inseln, 2 ♀♀ ( NHMB, coll. G. Frey); Key Insel, 1 ♂, 1 ♀ ( NHMB, coll. G. Frey); Iles Key, collection Le Moult, 1 ♀ ( MNCN, coll. A. Cobos); Kai Isl. , coll. Jakl, 1 ♀ ( ATMR , coll. R. Novak; Key Isles 1 ♂, 1 ♀ ( WBWA); Kai Isl., vi.1999, 1 ♀ ( VKSC); Kei Isl. xii.2011, 1 ♂, 1 ♀ ( DFPC) . Kai Besar Island: Kai Besar Isl. , i.2005, coll. Müller, 1 ♂, 1 ♀ ( ATMR , coll. R. Novak; Kei Besar, ix.2006, 1 ♂ ( DFPC); Elat, Kai Besar Isl. , 12/2012, coll. T. Richter 1 ♀ ( WBWA) . Kai Dullah Island: Key, Toeal, 1 ♀ ( NHMB, coll. G. Frey); Key Inseln, Tual, 1884, C. Ribbe (1 ♀ NMPC; 1 ♂, 5 ♀♀ MNHN); Key Inseln, Tual , (2 ♀♀ MNHN; 1 ♀ NMBE) . Kai Kecil Island: Key-Inseln, Tual-Langgur, (5 ♀♀ NHMW; 2 ♀♀ NMBE); Kei Kecil Isl, ix.2001, 1 ♀ ( ATMR, coll. R. Novak; Kei Kecil, ii.2004, 1 ♂ ( VKSC); Kai Kecil Isl., ii.2004, coll. Müller, 2 ♀♀ ( ATMR, coll. R. Novak; Kai Kecil Isl. , ix.2004, coll. Müller, 1 ♀ ( ATMR, coll. R. Novak; Kei Islands , vi.2003, 1 ♀ ( DFPC). Tayandu Islands: Kepulauan Kai, Tayandu, ix.2004, coll. Müller, 2 ♀♀ ( ATMR, coll. R. Novak; Tayandu, ii.2004, 1 ♂, 1 ♀ ( DFPC); Tayandu, iv.2004, 1 ♀ ( VKSC); Tayandu, viii.2004, 2 ♀♀ ( EJBS); Kai Archipel., Tayandu, viii.2004 1 ♀ ( WBWA); Tayandu Archipelago, Wallir I., vi.2016 (2 ♀♀ DFPC, 1 ♀ VKSC).

Redescription of lectotype. Well preserved ♂ specimen, only outer claw on left fore leg and left antennomeres VI–XI missing. Length 22.75 mm, width 7.75 mm, length/width ratio: 2.94.

Dorsal side uniformly dark violet-blue metallic, without additional reflections. Ventral side petrol green with dark golden tint. Legs bicoloured, contrasting with dorsal and ventral side respectively. Antennae dark brown, only base of antennomere I rust-coloured. Labrum, labium and maxillae pale brown. Ventral pads on all tarsomeres brown.

Head finely and sparsely punctate, punctures not foveolate, each bearing short seta, thus frons sparsely pubescent. Vertex distinctly more densely punctate but punctures still relatively fine, coarser only along eyes; punctures bearing adherent setae.

Pronotum strongly shiny, sparsely macropunctate with large impunctate areas; interspaces polished and very finely and sparsely micropunctate (at magnification 50 ×). Macropunctation laterally gradually coarser and somewhat denser. Each macropuncture bearing moderately long white adherent seta. Medial line flat, sparsely micropunctate along entire length, hardly delimited from surrounding surface. Medial impressions indistinct. Principal impressions moderately large but shallow with moderately convex central part; only with a few macropunctures thus appearing impunctate. Lateral impressions shallow, densely macropunctate with large punctures with shallow fovea. Border between principal and lateral impression forming moderately high and relatively sharp carina. Lateral margin reaching to approx. 6/7 length of pronotum, carinate along entire length. Base of pronotum uniform without any special structure.

Elytra regularly convex; surface smooth, without elevated costae or impressions. Smooth parts sparsely micropunctate (at magnification 50 ×). Intervals irregularly punctate; two internal ones with more or less defined row of punctures becoming posteriorly multiplied and confused; next two intervals with irregular groups of 2–4 punctures; remaining ones completely irregular without clearly defined intervals. Punctures fine and small, with shallow fovea, overall sparsely arranged; interspaces 1–10 × as wide as puncture diameter. Each macropuncture with very short and hadly visible adherent white seta. Epipleura in basal 1/4 broad, moderately densely punctate and somewhat rugose, then abruptly constricted with obtusely angled inward tooth, and then gradually narrowing apically; punctures becoming finer and vanishing towards apex. Each puncture bearing long erect white seta.

Fore and mid femora in central part strongly shiny, sparsely punctate; hind femora somewhat more densely punctate. Each puncture bearing seta, setation particularly conspicuous on lower side of hind femora.

Ventral side of body ( Fig. 62 ) overall densely and moderately coarsely punctate only central part sparsely punctate with large shiny impunctate areas. Lateral sides of abdominal ventrite I very densely punctate with small punctures; remaining ones densely punctate with small punctures in anterolateral corners and then gradually sparser punctate inwards and apically, but with larger punctures ( Fig. 63 ).

Aedeagus length: 7.89 mm, width: 1.44 mm, length/width ratio: 5.48. Parameres rhomboidal in outline, apices narrow and rounded with large pores and short sharply pointed scales. Penis elongate-triangular, apex slightly projecting beyond parameres, slightly constricted, its tip globose; ventral side smooth and flat without any impressions or striae ( Fig. 85 ).

Variation. Body ♂♂ (n=3) length: 22.75–25.25 mm, width: 7.75–9.00 mm, length/width ratio: 2.81–2.93; ♀♀ (n=18) length: (25.25)27.00– 33.25 mm, width: 9.00–12.00 mm, length/width ratio: 2.70–2.87(2.97). Moderately variable species. Violet-blue colouration present only in type specimen. Most of examined specimens dark brown with obscure bronze luster ( Figs 64–65 ). Eight examined specimens metallic green with copper tint ( Fig. 66 ), which is in two specimens dominant so they appear more copper than green. Punctation of pronotum variable, in most specimens denser with larger punctures than in type. Medial line in several specimens more or less elevated and delimited. Principal impressions always present, in some specimens shallower due to more convex central area, usually appearing almost impunctate but in two specimens from Tayandu rather distinctively punctate. Structure of elytra quite constant, only punctation variable as punctures either somewhat finer or coarser. Green forms with slightly coarser punctation. Aedeagus (n=2) length: 7.89–8.56 mm, width 1.44–1.56 mm, length/width ratio: 5.48– 5.49.

Differential diagnosis. For differential diagnosis see Table 4 on page 56. Brown specimens of C. (P.) coelestina were identified as C. (P.) laevipennis (currently synonym of C. (P.) radians ), which has the principal impressions on pronotum finely and very densely punctate while C. (P.) coelestina has them very smooth and almost impunctate. Also it has body very smooth without any costae on elytra while C. (P.) laevipennis (as well as C. (P.) radians ) have costate elytra. Finally, C. (P.) coelestina is usually brown and only ocassionaly green, while in C. (P.) laevipennis green specimens dominate, while brown or blue are extremely rare.

Distribution. Indonesia, Maluku Province, Kei and Tayandu islands.

Remarks. Obenberger (1922) stated in the original description that the type has dark green dorsum but this is an error (corrected by Obenberger (1928)) as the type is actually dark violet-blue, otherwise the description fits the type specimen. He did not state how many specimens he had at his disposal, we suppose he had the only one labelled as type in NMPC but we have no formal proof and therefore we designate the specimen as lectotype to prevent confusion if any other specimen is found. Also C. (P.) coelestina was unknown to subsequent authors and they (including Obenberger himself) identified the brown specimens as C. (P.) elongata or C. (P.) laevipennis . In the Coleopterorum Catalogus ( Obenberger 1926) he considered C. (P.) laevipennis as variety of C. (P.) radians and reported it from Key Islands. However, he misinterpreted this taxon, as all specimens in his collection (NMPC) belong to brown form of C. (P.) coelestina , which is known from Key Islands, while C. (P.) laevipennis was described from Buru and there is no specimen from the Key Islands. The typical violet-blue colouration is extremely rare and was seen only in a few of specimens, while brown colouration is common (S. Jákl 2018, pers. com.).

Lander (2003) synonymized C. (P.) coelestina with C. (P.) radians without any discussion. Chrysodema (P.) coelestina is a very distinct species with smooth elytra without any costae. We did not locate the type of C. (P.) radians however according to the primary description it has eight to ten costae and was collected on Bismarck Islands. Therefore we restore species status of C. (P.) coelestina .

Akiyama & Ohmomo (2000) published photographs of C. (P.) elongata from Key Islands, however both specimens certainly belong to C. (P.) coelestina .

Figures

FIGURES 61–66. Chrysodema, general aspect: 61–63—C. (Pseudochrysodema) coelestina Obenberger, 1922 (lectotype, ♂ 22.75 mm). 64–65—C. (P.) coelestina (Kai Is., ♂ 25.25 mm). 66—C. (P.) coelestina (Tayandu Is., ♂ 24.25 mm). 61, 64, 66—dorsal view; 62, 65—ventral view; 63—lateral view.

FIGURES 73–95. Chrysodema, genitalia and terminal abdominal segments. 73—Chrysodema (Chrysodema) sonnerati Laporte de Castelnau & Gory, 1835 (Sri Lanka, MHNG); 74—C. (C.) lewisii lewisii Saunders, 1873 (holotype); 75—C. (C.) lewisii nakatai subsp. nov. (holotype); 76—C. (C.) tonkinea Kerremans, 1909 (lectotype); 77—C. (C.) vrabeci sp. nov. (holotype); 78—C. (C.) aeneoviolacea Deyrolle, 1864 (Kai Is., MHNG); 79—C. (C.) dany sp. nov. (holotype); 80—C. (C.) sibuyanica Fisher, 1924 (Sibuyan Is., NMPC); 81—C. (C.) wallacei Deyrolle, 1864 (Ambon Is, MNHN); 82—C. (C.) dohrnii Saunders, 1874 (Mindanao Is., DFPC); 83—C. (C.) fuscitarsis Kerremans, 1895 (Palawan Is., MNHN); 84—C. (C.) gottwaldi sp. nov. (holotype); 85—C. (Pseudochrysodema) coelestina Obenberger, 1922 (lectotype); 86—C. (P.) instabilis Deyrolle, 1864 (Halmahera Is., DFPC); 87—C. (C.) dohrnii (ibid., DFPC); 88—C. (C.) fuscitarsis (ibid., MNHN); 89—C. (C.) gottwaldi sp. nov. (holotype); 90, 91—C. (C.) aurostriata (lectotype); 92, 93—C. (C.) tonkinea (Hoa Binh, DFPC); 94, 95—C. (C.) vrabeci sp. nov. (Ban Huay Kon, MOOC). 73–79, 85–86—tegmen, parameres and penis; 80–84—aedeagus; 87–89—male ventrite VIII; 90, 92, 94—female ventrite VIII; 91, 93, 95—female tergite VIII. The scale bar does not apply to Figs 87–95.

FIGURES 31–36. Chrysodema, general aspect: 31–33—C. (C.) dany sp. nov. (holotype, ♂ 28.75 mm). 34–36—C. (C.) sibuyanica Fisher, 1924 (holotype, ♀ 30.00 mm). 31, 34—dorsal view; 32, 35—ventral view; 33, 36—lateral view.