Chrosiothes diabolicus, Rodrigues, 2017

Rodrigues, Everton Nei Lopes, 2017, Six new species and new records of the spider genus Chrosiothes from Brazil with the description of the female of Chrosiothes venturosus Marques & Buckup, 1997 (Araneae, Theridiidae, Spintharinae), Zootaxa 4329 (3), pp. 219-236 : 221-222

Chrosiothes diabolicus new species

Figs. 1–3 , 18, 19 , 30

Type material. Holotype. Brazil: São Paulo, Teodoro Sampaio, Parque Estadual do Morro do Diabo , 22°31’S; 52°18’W, 29.III.2003, Equipe Biota leg., 1M, collected by beating tray ( IBSP 209874 ) . Paratypes. Brazil: São Paulo, Teodoro Sampaio, Parque Estadual do Morro do Diabo , 22°31’S; 52°18’W, 24–31.III.2003, Equipe Biota leg., 1F, collected by beating tray ( IBSP 209875 ) ; São Paulo, Teodoro Sampaio, Parque Estadual do Morro do Diabo , 22°31’S; 52°18’W, 24–31.III.2003, Equipe Biota leg., 1F, night manual collection ( MCTP 40134 ) ; Paraná, Foz do Iguaçu, Parque Nacional de Foz do Iguaçu , 25°36’S; 54°25’W, 09.II.2002. Equipe Biota leg., 1M, 1F, night manual collection ( IBSP 209878 ) ; Paraná, Foz do Iguaçu, Parque Nacional de Foz do Iguaçu , 25°36’S; 54°25’W, 09.III.2003, Equipe Biota leg., 1F ( IBSP 209879 ) ; Mato Grosso do Sul, Bonito , Baia Bonita, 21°09’S; 56°26’W, 18.X.2002, Equipe Biota leg., 1M, collected by beating tray ( IBSP 209880 ) ; Mato Grosso do Sul, Bonito , Baia Bonita, 21°09’S; 56°26’W, 17.X.2002, Equipe Biota leg., 1F, collected by beating tray ( IBSP 209881 ) ; Minas Gerais, Juatuba , COPASA, 20°10’S; 44°21’W, 22.IV.2002. Equipe. Biota leg., 1F, night manual collection ( IBSP 209882 ) ; Minas Gerais, Juatuba , COPASA, 20°10’S; 44°21’W, 22.IV.2002. Equipe. Biota leg., 1F, night manual collection ( MCTP 40133 ) ; São Paulo, Santa Rita do Passo Quatro, Parque Estadual de Vassununga , 21°43’S; 47°35’W, 22.III.2002, Equipe Biota leg., 1F, collected by beating tray ( IBSP 209877 ) .

Etymology. The specific name is a noun in apposition taken from the type locality.

Diagnosis. Males are similar to C. venturosus Marques & Buckup, 1997 (see Marques & Buckup 1997, fig. 7) by the conspicuous and sinuous conductor apex, but differ from this species by the presence of numerous denticles along the edge of the conductor ( Fig. 1 ) and trajectory of the embolus, that loops far from the tegulum edge ( Fig. 1 ). Females resemble C. niteroi Levi, 1964 (see Levi, 1964b, figs. 31, 32) by the presence of a single and small copulatory opening, but differ by the copulatory openings farther from the posterior margin of epigynum ( Fig. 2 ), by the reniform spermathecae and the short, uncoiled copulatory ducts ( Fig. 3 ).

Description. Male holotype (from Parque Estadual do Morro do Diabo, IBSP 209874). Total length 1.97. Carapace length 0.83, width 0.72. Clypeus height 0.14. Sternum length 0.54, width 0.49. Abdomen length 1.17, width 0.83, height 0.88. Leg formula I/IV/II/III; segment length (I/II/III/IV): femora 1.23/0.84/0.50/1.02; patellae+tibiae 1.23/0.94/0.67/1.19; metatarsi+tarsi 1.74/1.09/0.90/1.74; total 4.22/2.87/2.07/3.96. Carapace pale orange, with dark brown pigments medially and laterally, semicircular, cephalic area higher ( Fig. 18 ), chelicerae pale orange. AME, ALE and PLE with same diameter and PME smallest. Sternum darker than the carapace, with blackened edges. Legs pale yellow. Subtriangular abdomen, paler than the carapace with some dark brown pigment dorsally and two lateral-median tubercles ( Fig. 18 ), ventrally darker, with two longitudinal depigmented stripes. Spinnerets pale yellow. Palp with conductor longer, pointed, with numerous denticles along the edge ( Fig. 1 ); slender embolus, slightly curved in the apex. Embolus with large base. Tegulum circular very developed, nonsclerotized ( Fig. 1 ). Sperm duct in the embolus base sinuous ( Fig. 1 ).

Female paratype (from Foz do Iguaçu, IBSP 209879). Total length 3.69. Carapace length 1.30, width 1.14. Clypeus height 0.21. Sternum length 0.78, width 0.62. Abdomen length 2.18, width 2.18, height 1.97. Leg formula IV/I/II/III; segment length (I/II/III/IV): femora 1.91/1.40/1.02/1.95; patellae+tibiae 2.22/1.34/1.05/2.31; metatarsi+tarsi 2.94/1.95/1.61/3.12; total 7.07/4.70/3.69/7.39. Carapace orange brown, dark brown pigments medially and laterally, semicircular, cephalic area higher ( Fig. 19 ), chelicerae orange brown. AME and PLE bigger than the other eyes. Sternum darker, with blackened edges. Legs orange-brown, except femora, anteriorly light brown. Abdomen subtriangular with two lateral-median tubercles and some dark pigments dorsally ( Fig. 19 ), ventrally orange-brown, with two longitudinal depigmented stripes. Spinnerets yellow-brown. Epigynum with a slightly sclerotized plate, wider than long ( Fig. 2 ); with a single oval and small copulatory opening in the medianposterior margin of epigynum ( Fig. 2 ). Internal genital with reniform spermathecae and the short and uncoiled copulatory ducts ( Fig. 3 ); fertilization ducts short and coiled ( Fig. 3 ).

Variation. Pigmentation in ventral view of abdomen and sternum of male can range from olive green to dark yellow.

Remark. Males and females were collected together in various locations in Brazil.

Additional material examined. Brazil. Minas Gerais: Juatuba ( Serra Azul , 20°10’S; 44°21’W), 18– 24.IV.2002, Equipe Biota leg., 2F ( MCN 48704) . São Paulo: Teodoro Sampaio ( Parque Estadual do Morro do Diabo , 22°31’S; 52°18’W), 24–31.III.2003, Equipe Biota leg., 1M ( MCN 40579); 1F ( MCN 40573); 1F ( MCN 40574), all collected by beating tray.

Distribution. Brazil (Minas Gerais, São Paulo, Mato Grosso do Sul and Paraná).

Figures

FIGURES 1 – 6. Chrosiothes diabolicus new species: 1, Male: Palp, ventral. 2 – 3, Female: 2, Epigynum, ventral, 3, Internal genitalia, dorsal, clarified. Chrosiothes carajaensis new species: 4, Male: Palp, ventral. 5 – 6, Female: 5, Epigynum, ventral, 6, Internal genitalia, dorsal, clarified. Scale bars, 0.25 mm.

FIGURES 18 – 23. Body, dorsal view. Chrosiothes diabolicus new species: 18, Male, 19, Female. Chrosiothes carajaensis new species: 20, Male, 21, Female. Chrosiothes cicuta new species: 22, Male, 23, Female. Scale bars, 1 mm.