Chenopodium ficifolium subsp. ficifolium

Jonsell, B., Karlsson, 2005, Chenopodiaceae - Fumariaceae (Chenopodium), Flora Nordica 2, pp. 4-31 : 20

13A. subsp. ficifolium Figs 3B, 9D

S vanlig fikonmålla.

Literature. Hartvig 1995.

Pure green. Leaf-blades ovate to elliptic, usually distinctly lobed; midlobe coarsely sinuate-serrate to subentire; both side-lobes usually with a tooth. Seeds with distinct pits; margin of pits ± straight.

Distribution. Probably a fairly recent anthropochore, brought in e.g. with grain, ballast, ore and cork, to F also with wartime transports; established in parts of D and S. - D first collected in 1855 ( Sjæ København); ØJy Randers and �rhus 1970's, VJy Esbjerg 1933, SJy �benr� 1935, FyL Langeland 1995-96; Sjæ many records, established at least in København; LFM several records 1955 and later; probably overlooked. N old records of casual occurrences on ballast from the south coast: 0/Fredrikstad, Te Porsgrunn, AA Lillesand, VA Kristiansand; more recently Ak Oslo 1969 (old ballast site, from seed bank), Ho Osterøy 1968 (garden weed), SF Jølster 1982 (field, probably from poultry farm or mill refuse), ST Skaun 1937 (mill). S formerly rare and ephemeral and more constant only in southwestern Sk; since the 1980's increasing and established at least in some urban areas; Sk fairly common at least in the southwest, Bl Karlshamn 1818 (ballast), Gtl Bro 1895 (escape), Visby 1888 (ballast), Kim Nybro 1923, Kalmar 1921, 1923, Torsås 1988, Sml Jönköping 1989, Rogberga 1990, Sävsjö 1992,///Lindome 1929, BhG numerous localities in the Göteborg area from 1900 on, Vg Västra Tunhem 1958 (on manganese ore from Turkey), Ög Norrköping 1867, Srm Dunker 1892, 1893; numerous records from the Stockholm area especially during the 1980's and 1990's, apparently established, Upl a few old records, numerous recent ones, apparently established in the Stockholm area; Mpd Timrå 1902, 1910 (ballast), �ng Ytterlännäs 1856 (ballast), Nb Piteå 1993. F casual; V Uusikaupunki 1950's (from old ballast soil), U Helsinki 1940, 1964, Elimäki 1994, EH Tampere 1970, Toijala 1982-83 and Valkeakoski 1993-99, EP Kaskinen and Kristiinankaupunki (in both cases a wartime casual), Vaasa 1931, PS Varkaus 1994, KP Kokkola (wartime casual), Raahe 1999, OP Oulu 1960, 1994-98.

Mainly in C Europe (rare in the Mediterranean); from SW Asia to Siberia.

Habitat. Ports, tips, roadsides and other waste ground; now often a weed of gardens and urban plantations.