Chactopsis curupira, Ochoa & Rojas-Runjaic & Pinto-da-Rocha & Prendini, 2013

Ochoa, José A., Rojas-Runjaic, Fernando J. M., Pinto-da-Rocha, Ricardo & Prendini, Lorenzo, 2013, Systematic Revision Of The Neotropical Scorpion Genus Chactopsis Kraepelin, 1912 (Chactoidea: Chactidae), With Descriptions Of Two New Genera And Four New Species, Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 2013 (378), pp. 1-121 : 48-59

Chactopsis curupira , n. sp.

Figures 1 , 9A , 10E , 13D , 16A , 19A , 21D ,

22E , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 ; table 5

TYPE MATERIAL: Holotype ³ ( MZSP 41500 ), 5 ³ paratypes ( MZSP 21765 ), paratype ³ ( MHNC), BRAZIL: Para´ : Municipio Oriximiná : Flona Saracá-Taquera , 01 ° 309S 56 ° 309W, 180 m, xi.2002, R. Moretti ; 3 ³ paratypes ( MPEG 00415 ), Porto Trombetas, Plâto Almeidas [ca. 01 ° 309S 56 ° 309W, 180 m], 10–22.xii.2004.

ETYMOLOGY: The specific name is a noun in apposition, referring to a mythical inhabitant and protector of the forest, with long blond hair and feet directed backward, from the folklore of Brazilian Amazonia.

DIAGNOSIS: Chactopsis curupira , n. sp., appears to be most closely related to C. amazonica and C. barajuri , based on similarities in hemispermatophore morphology (figs. 26, 29, 38): flagellum straight; apex with ental fold situated subproximally; pedicel of lamina short, not reaching dorsal apophysis; lobe region with additional concave fold situated proximally to ental lobe; median lobe mostly apapillose, except for fine papillae distally and dorsally; dorsal apophysis forming crest-shaped projection. The hemispermatophores of C. chullachaqui , n. sp., C. insignis , and C. siapaensis (figs. 8, 41, 44) differ from those of C. curupira , n. sp., C. amazonica , and C. barajuri as follows (figs. 26, 29, 38): flagellum curved; ental fold situated proximally; pedicel of lamina elongated, reaching dorsal apophysis; lobe region without additional concave fold; median lobe densely papillose across entire surface; dorsal apophysis forming horn-shaped projection.

Chactopsis curupira , n. sp., C. amazonica , and C. barajuri may be separated from one another by means of the hemispermatophore morphology: the median lobe is in general more developed in C. curupira , n. sp., with an additional sublobe situated entally and a conspicuous row of spines along the distal margin, than in C. amazonica and C. barajuri , in which the additional sublobe is absent, and the row of spines is absent ( C. amazonica ) or obsolete ( C. barajuri ); the distal margin of the median lobe is moderately folded toward the ventral surface in C. curupira , n. sp., and C. amazonica , but not in C. barajuri ; the apex of the lamina is broader in C. curupira , n. sp., than in C. amazonica and C. barajuri . The trichobothrial pattern provides further diagnostic characters for the three species (figs. 25, 28, 37): the patellar external surface possesses three em trichobothria in C. curupira , n. sp., and C. amazonica , but four in C. barajuri ; patellar trichobothrium est 2 is situated slightly proximal to or in the same axis as est 3 and est 4 in C. curupira , n. sp., and C. amazonica , but proximal to and distant from the other est trichobothria in C. barajuri ; the angle formed by patellar trichobothria v 5 – v 6 – v 7 is greater than 90 ° in C. curupira , n. sp., and C. amazonica , but approximately 90 ° in C. barajuri ; chelal trichobothrium Est is situated equidistant between Et 1 and V 3 in C. curupira , n. sp., but closer to V 3 than to Et 1 in C. amazonica and C. barajuri . Chactopsis curupira , n. sp., may be further separated from C. amazonica as follows: the VM carina of metasomal segment V is restricted to the anterior three-quarters of the segment, and bifurcated posteriorly in C. curupira , n. sp., but obscured by granulation in the posterior quarter of the segment in C. amazonica ; the VSM carinae of metasomal segment I are obsolete in C. curupira , n. sp., but absent in C. amazonica . Chactopsis curupira , n. sp., may be further separated from C. barajuri as follows: the dorsal apophysis of the hemispermatophore is bicuspid in C. curupira , n. sp., but weakly serrated dorsally in C. barajuri ; the sheath-shaped portion occupies approximately half the length of the trunk in C. curupira , n. sp., but is restricted to its anterior third in C. barajuri .

DESCRIPTION: Based on the holotype and ³ paratypes (♀ unknown). Measurements of holotype ³ recorded in table 5 .

Total length: ³, 26.70–30.86 mm (n 5 10; mean 5 28.79 mm).

Color: Base color dark chestnut brown, with dark brown spots on carapace, tergites, sternite VII, metasoma, and pedipalps; sternites III–VI, coxosternal region chestnut yellow with slight brown spots; chelicerae and legs yellow with brown spots; pectines white; aculeus slightly darker than telson vesicle. Cheliceral manus, dorsal surfaces with fine reticulate pigmentation, becoming contiguous distally near base of fixed finger; fixed and movable fingers entirely pigmented. Carapace, median ocular tubercle and surfaces around lateral ocelli very densely pigmented; anteromedian longitudinal sulcus, median lateral and posterolateral surfaces densely pigmented; posteromedian longitudinal sulcus faintly pigmented; postocular sulcus unpigmented. Pedipalp femur, dorsal, external, and internal surfaces, and all carinae densely pigmented, ventral surfaces unpigmented; patella, dorsal and internal surfaces densely pigmented, with pigmentation stripes along DE and DI carinae, external surface with pigmentation stripe along EM carina and faint, irregular pigmentation throughout, ventral surface mostly unpigmented, except for pigmentation stripe along VE carina; chela densely pigmented, with pigmentation stripes along D, SD, DS, DMA, DI, E, and VE carinae, dorsal pigmentation stripes not contiguous distally at base of fixed finger, whereas external stripes contiguous, IM and VI carinae unpigmented; fixed and movable fingers unpigmented. Legs, femur, patella, and tibia, pro- and retrolateral surfaces faintly pigmented. Tergites I–VI densely pigmented in two broad lateral and one narrow median spots, leaving two small unpigmented areas submedially, forming two stripes longitudinally across tergites; VII densely pigmented throughout. Sternite III mostly unpigmented, IV and V faintly pigmented along lateral margins, VI pigmented from spiracles to lateral margins, VII densely pigmented, more so laterally, with two small unpigmented areas submedially near anterior margin. Metasomal segments I–IV, densely pigmented, dorsal surfaces each with pigmentation stripes along DSM and DL carinae, surfaces between DSM carinae densely pig- mented, contiguous with pigmentation along posterior margins of segment; lateral surfaces each with pigmentation stripes along ML carinae and reticulate pigmentation along LIM and LSM carinae, surfaces between DL and ML carinae pigmented only near posterior margins of segment, surfaces between ML and LIM carinae pigmented on posterior three-quarters of segment, surfaces between LIM and VL carinae pigmented on posterior three-quarters of segment I, posterior half of II and III, and posterior third of IV; porous areas unpigmented; ventral surfaces each with three pigmentation stripes along VM and paired VL carinae, contiguous in posterior third of segment (VM pigmentation stripe not contiguous with lateral pigmentation in two specimens). Metasomal segment V, dorsal surface with paired, narrow DSM pigmentation stripes in anterior half of segment, becoming broader medially and contiguous with narrow DM pigmentation stripe in posterior quarter and with paired stripes of pigmentation along DL carinae in posterior half; lateral surfaces with faint reticulate pigmentation along LIM and LSM carinae, LIM pigmentation contiguous with VL pigmentation stripe in posterior half of segment, and with pigmentation stripes along ML carinae, contiguous with VL pigmentation in posterior third; ventral surface with three broad pigmentation stripes along VM and paired VL carinae, contiguous in posterior third of segment, and with fine pigmentation stripes along VSM carinae in anterior half, contiguous with dense pigmentation of surfaces between VL and VSM carinae in posterior half of segment. Telson vesicle, dorsal surface densely pigmented throughout; ventral surface with two broad VL and one narrow VM pigmentation stripes, separated by two narrow, unpigmented stripes.

Chelicerae: Movable finger with well-developed serrula, occupying slightly less than half its length; ventral subdistal tooth present.

Carapace: Anterior margin with moderate median notch and several microsetae (fig. 10E); posterior margin sublinear with shallow median notch and few microsetae. Surfaces with variable coarse and fine granulation throughout (fig. 10E), interocular and circumocular surfaces more coarsely granular, nongranular surfaces slightly punctate with few microsetae. Median ocelli half an ocular diameter apart. Anteromedian longitudinal sulcus finely granular, nongranular surfaces punctate; other sulci smooth.

Pedipalps: Femur, length/width ratio, ³, 2.75–3.13 (n 5 10; mean 5 2.88); DE, DI, and VI carinae complete, granular (fig. 36A); EM carina restricted to distal half of segment, slightly granular; VM carina restricted to proximal half of segment, granular proximally, becoming less so medially; VE carina absent; IM carina vestigial, reduced to three prominent, isolated granules in proximal half of segment; dorsal intercarinal surface with variable fine and coarse granulation; external intercarinal surface smooth; ventral intercarinal surface finely granular in proximal half of segment, smooth and slightly punctate in distal half; internal intercarinal surface finely granular. Patella, length/width ratio, ³, 2.63–2.92 (n 5 10; mean 5 2.75); DE, DI, and VI carinae complete, granular (fig. 36B–D); EM and VE carinae obsolete, reduced to punctation and weak granulation; DPP and VPP comprising moderate proximal granule and three or four smaller granules, VPP less developed than DPP; dorsal intercarinal surface coarsely and densely granular; external intercarinal surfaces densely punctate; ventral intercarinal surfaces mostly smooth, and slightly punctate; internal intercarinal surface sparsely granular. Chela manus slightly incrassate, fingers relatively elongated (fig. 37); chela length/width ratio, ³, 4.15–4.48 (n 5 10; mean 5 4.29); length/height ratio, ³, 4.19– 4.69 (n 5 10; mean 5 4.41). Manus and fingers, intercarinal surfaces weakly granular, nongranular surfaces densely punctate, and covered with scattered microsetae, more so on fingers; D carina weakly granular and punctate along entire length of manus and proximal third of fixed finger, becoming costate on distal two-thirds of finger; SD carina restricted to proximal third of manus, weakly granular and punctate; DS and DMA carinae complete, weakly granular and punctate on manus, becoming costate on fixed finger, DMA carina slightly more pronounced in proximal third of fixed finger, near db trichobothrium; DI carina discontinuous, interrupted by two porous areas at base of fixed finger, weakly granular and punctate on manus, becoming costate on distal threequarters of fixed finger; E, VE, IM, and VI carinae weakly granular and punctate, becoming more so distally, VI carina with three or four more prominent granules proximally. Fixed finger, median denticle row continuous, complete; flanked by 10 external and 10 internal denticles; internal accessory denticles arranged in two rows; first row continuous in proximal half of finger, interspersed with internal denticles, second (internalmost) row comprising 22 or 23 small denticles, discontinuous; external accessory denticles arranged in two rows, one adjacent to median row, continuous in proximal 80 % of finger, second (externalmost) row, continuous in distal 80 % of finger, interspersed with external denticles.

Trichobothria: Femur with three trichobothria (fig. 36A). Patella with 33 trichobothria (fig. 36B–D): two dorsal, seven ventral, 23 external, one internal; trichobothria v 6 and v 7 situated submedially, v 6 situated slightly closer to v 5 than to v 7; est 5 situated on VE margin, slightly distal to est 4; est 2 situated slightly proximal to, or in same axis as est 4; est 3 usually situated distal to est 2; em 1 usually situated slightly proximal to em 2; em 3 situated slightly proximal to or in same axis as em 1; esb 2 situated slightly distal to esb 3. Chela with 26 trichobothria (fig. 37): 10 situated on manus, three ventral, seven external; 16 situated on fixed finger, seven external, six dorsal, three internal (it, isb, ib); ist absent; it situated slightly proximal to est; Est situated equidistant between V 3 and Et 1; Et 1 and Et 2 situated in same axis; eb situated proximal to base of fixed finger; db situated between esb and eb, slightly closer to esb; dm 1 situated in same axis as et 3.

Tergites: Pretergites I–VII, surfaces punctate. Posttergites I–VI, surfaces finely and densely granular in anterior half, coarsely granular in posterior half (slightly more coarsely granular on IV–VI); dorsomedian and dorsosubmedian carinae absent. Posttergite VII, surface finely granular laterally, becoming coarsely granular medially; paired dorsosubmedian and dorsolateral carinae moderately developed on posterior two-thirds; posterior margin with transverse row of small granules.

Sternum: Ventral surface with 8–10 macrosetae, one pair situated anteriorly and three or four pairs on posterolateral lobes; apex and anterior margins with several microsetae (fig. 13D).

Pectines: Pectinal tooth count: ³, 10 (n 5 10), 11 (n 5 10) (fig. 13D).

Sternites: Sternites III–VI, surfaces mostly smooth and densely punctate, except for few granules near lateral margins; VII, surface smooth and punctate medially, finely granular laterally, VL carinae weakly developed, each comprising few granules in medial third.

Metasoma: Segments I–IV, dorsal intercarinal surfaces finely and densely granular, lateral and ventral intercarinal surfaces coarsely granular (figs. 16A, 19A); small porous area situated posteriorly at LIM position on segments I–IV, slightly more developed on IV; DSM carinae complete on segments I–IV, moderately developed on I, weakly developed on II and III, vestigial, reduced to row of small granules on IV; DL carinae complete, granular, posterior granules forming low mound, slightly elevated on segments I and II, more pronounced on III and IV; LSM carinae vestigial, reduced to few small granules in median third of segments I–III, complete row of fine granules on IV; ML carinae complete, granular on segments I–IV; LIM carinae complete on segment I, reduced to posterior third of II, and to two or three posterior granules on III and IV; VL carinae complete, granular; VSM carinae obsolete on segment I, moderately developed, complete on II – IV (fig. 19A). Segment V, length/width ratio, ³, 2.05–2.30 (n 5 10; mean 5 2.18) ; length/height ratio, ³, 2.29–2.53 (n 5 10; mean 5 2.46); dorsal intercarinal surface finely granular; lateral and ventral intercarinal surfaces coarsely and densely granular (figs. 16A, 21D); porous area, situated posteriorly at LIM position, slightly more developed than on preceding segments; DL carinae restricted to anterior half of segment, obscured by granulation posteriorly; LSM carinae absent; ML carinae well developed in anterior two-thirds of segment; LIM carinae absent; VL carinae complete, well developed; VSM carinae vestigial, each comprising row of fine granules in anterior third of segment (fig. 21D); VM carina coarsely granular, restricted to anterior three-quarters of segment, obscured by scattered granulation in posterior quarter, and bifurcating posteriorly in some specimens.

Telson: Length/height ratio, ³, 3.07–3.44 (n 5 10, mean 5 3.21). Vesicle globose; dorsal surface smooth; lateral and ventral surfaces finely and sparsely granular (fig. 21E), with several scattered microsetae. Aculeus short and gently curved.

Hemispermatophore: Lamina approximately same length as trunk (fig. 38A–C); apex wider proximally, curved, and tapering distally; flagellum short, straight, approximately one-quarter the length of lamina; ental margin with proximal fold, slightly elongated, similar in length to flagellum; articular flexure present, weakly developed; basal part moderately broadened, pedicel weakly developed. Trunk well developed, tortuous medially; sheath-shaped part moderately developed, approximately half the length of trunk, ventral concavity well developed; foot well developed, slightly sclerotized, half the length of trunk. Lobe region complex, well developed with two lobes; ental lobe moderately developed, slightly sclerotized, forming projection toward ental surface; median lobe well developed, extending ventrally, with additional sublobe entally, finely papillose entally and distally, distal margin with conspicuous row of spines; median trough deep, extending entire length of median lobe; dorsal apophysis sclerotized, crest shaped and bicuspid.

DISTRIBUTION: This species is known only from the type locality in the state of Pará, Brazil (fig. 1).

HABITAT: The type locality of this species falls within an area of primary rainforest.

Figures

Fig. 1. Distribution of Chactopsis Kraepelin, 1912, plotting known locality records in Brazil, Peru, and Venezuela. Chactopsis amazonica Lourenço and Francke, 1986, open circles; Chactopsis barajuri González- Sponga, 1982, solid triangle; Chactopsis buhrnheimi Lourenço, 2003, open star; Chactopsis curupira, n. sp., open triangle; Chactopsis chullachaqui, n. sp., open diamond; Chactopsis insignis Kraepelin, 1912, solid squares; Chactopsis siapaensis González-Sponga, 1991, open square; Chactopsis sujirima González-Sponga, 1982, solid circles; undetermined Chactopsis species, solid stars. Box indicates area mapped in figure 2.

Fig. 9. Chactopsis Kraepelin, 1912, Chactopsoides, n. gen., and Megachactops, n. gen., dextral pedipalp chela, movable finger, dorsal aspect showing dentition. A. Chactopsis curupira, n. sp., paratype ³ (MZSP). B. Chactopsis insignis Kraepelin, 1912, ³ (MHNC). C. Chactopsoides anduzei (González-Sponga, 1982), n. comb., ³ (AMNH). D. Chactopsoides gonzalezspongai, n. sp., paratype ³ (AMNH). E. Megachactops kuemoi, n. sp., paratype ♀ (MHNC). Scale bars 5 1 mm.

Fig. 10. Chactopsis Kraepelin, 1912, carapace, dorsal aspect. A, B. Chactopsis amazonica Lourenço and Francke, 1986. A. ³ (MZSP). B. ♀ (MZSP). C. Chactopsis barajuri González-Sponga, 1982, holotype ³ (MAGS). D. Chactopsis chullachaqui, n. sp., holotype ³ (MHNC). E. Chactopsis curupira, n. sp., paratype ³ (MZSP). Scale bars 5 1 mm.

Fig. 13. Chactopsis Kraepelin, 1912, sternum and pectines, ventral aspect. A. Chactopsis amazonica Lourenço and Francke, 1986, ³ (MZSP). B. Chactopsis barajuri González-Sponga, 1982, holotype ³ (MAGS). C. Chactopsis chullachaqui, n. sp., holotype ³ (MHNC). D. Chactopsis curupira, n. sp., paratype ³ (MZSP). Scale bars 5 1 mm.

Fig. 16. Chactopsis Kraepelin, 1912, metasomal segments III–V, lateral aspect. A. Chactopsis curupira, n. sp., paratype ³ (MZSP). B. Chactopsis insignis Kraepelin, 1912, ³ (MHNC). Scale bars 5 1 mm.

Fig. 19. Chactopsis Kraepelin, 1912, metasomal segments I–IV, ventral aspect. A. Chactopsis curupira, n. sp., paratype ³ (MZSP). B. Chactopsis insignis Kraepelin, 1912, ³ (MHNC). C. Chactopsis siapaensis González-Sponga, 1991, holotype ³ (MAGS). Scale bars 5 1 mm.

Fig. 21. Chactopsis Kraepelin, 1912, metasomal segment V, ventral aspect. A. Chactopsis amazonica Lourenço and Francke, 1986, ♀ (MZSP). B. Chactopsis barajuri González-Sponga, 1982, holotype ³ (MAGS). C. Chactopsis chullachaqui, n. sp., holotype ³ (MHNC). D. Chactopsis curupira, n. sp., paratype ³ (MZSP). E. Chactopsis insignis Kraepelin, 1912, ³ (MHNC). F. Chactopsis siapaensis González- Sponga, 1991, holotype ³ (MAGS). Scale bars 5 1 mm.

Fig. 22. Chactopsis Kraepelin, 1912, telson, lateral aspect. A, B. Chactopsis amazonica Lourenço and Francke, 1986. A. ³ (MZSP). B. ♀ (MZSP). C. Chactopsis barajuri González-Sponga, 1982, holotype ³ (MAGS). D. Chactopsis chullachaqui, n. sp., holotype ³ (MHNC). E. Chactopsis curupira, n. sp., paratype ³ (MZSP). Scale bars 5 1 mm.

Fig. 35. Chactopsis curupira, n. sp., paratype ³ (MHNC), habitus. A. Dorsal aspect. B. Ventral aspect. Scale bar 5 10 mm.

Fig. 36. Chactopsis curupira, n. sp., paratype ³ (MZSP), dextral pedipalp segments. A. Femur. B–D. Patella. A, B. Dorsal aspect. C. External aspect. D. Ventral aspect. Scale bar 5 1 mm.

Fig. 37. Chactopsis curupira, n. sp., paratype ³ (MZSP), dextral pedipalp chela. A. Dorsal aspect. B. External aspect. C. Ventral aspect. D. Internal aspect. Scale bar 5 1 mm.

Fig. 38. Chactopsis curupira, n. sp., holotype ³ (MZSP), sinistral hemispermatophore. A. Ental aspect. B. Dorsal aspect. C. Ectal aspect. Scale bar 5 1 mm.

Tables

TABLE 5 Measurements (mm) of Chactopsis chullachaqui, n. sp., Chactopsis curupira, n. sp., Chactopsis insignis Kraepelin, 1912, Chactopsoides Sponga, 1982), n. comb., Chactopsoides gonzalezspongai n. sp., and Megachactops kuemoi, n. sp.

		C. chullachaqui	C. curupira	C. insignis		C. anduzei		C. gonzalezspongai		M. kuemoi
	type	Holotype	Holotype					Holotype	Paratype	Holotype	Paratype
	sex	³	³	³	♀	³	♀	³	♀	³	♀
Specimen	collection	MHNC	MZSP	MHNC	MHNC	AMNH	AMNH	MHNLS	MHNC	MHNLS	AMNH
Carapace	length	3.7	3.75	3.85	4.75	4.13	4.69	4	4.56	7.3	9.8
	anterior width	2.5	2.55	2.7	3.45	2.63	3.13	2.46	3	6.67	6.8
	posterior width	4.35	4.05	4.4	5.5	4.25	5	4.25	5	8.25	10.8
Chela	length	7.6	6.38	7.2	9.2	6.31	7.25	5.78	6.75	13.5	18
	width	1.5	1.44	1.6	2.2	1.31	1.56	1.35	1.66	3.33	4.4
	height	1.4	1.41	1.45	2.1	1.31	1.63	1.35	1.69	3.17	4.6
	movable finger	4.05	3.05	4.5	5.8	4.13	4.81	3.57	4.44	7.78	10.6
	length
Patella	length	4.05	4.3	4.4	5.25	4.44	5	4.12	4.44	7.78	10.3
	width	1.5	1.6	1.6	2.1	1.5	1.81	1.42	1.81	3.17	4.3
Femur	length	3.5	3.6	3.55	4.2	3.69	4	3.32	3.69	6.98	9
	width	1.1	1.15	1.25	1.5	1.19	1.38	1.11	1.25	2.38	3
Mesosoma	length	6.3	6.2	6.05	7.9	6.13	7.19	8.43	6.88	17.3	17
Metasoma I	length	1.45	1.4	1.4	1.55	1.44	1.5	1.48	1.5	2.86	3.4
	width	2.6	2.55	2.55	3.05	2.63	3.06	2.71	3.13	4.44	5.3
Metasoma II	length	1.85	1.85	1.8	2.2	1.81	2	1.85	1.94	3.49	4.3
	width	2.3	2.3	2.25	2.8	2.44	2.75	2.52	2.88	3.81	4.6
Metasoma III	length	2.05	2.2	2.1	2.55	2	2.19	1.97	2.13	3.81	4.8
	width	2.25	2.75	2.2	2.7	2.38	2.69	2.52	2.81	3.61	4.4
Metasoma IV	length	2.45	2.7	2.5	2.85	2.31	2.63	2.52	2.69	4.29	5.3
	width	2.2	2.2	2.15	2.6	2.38	2.72	2.46	2.81	3.49	4.3
Metasoma V	length	4.4	4.95	4.9	5.4	5.12	5.38	4.74	4.88	8.25	9.6
	width	2.2	2.15	2.25	2.7	2.44	2.75	2.52	2.88	3.49	4.2
	height	1.95	2	2	2.35	2.06	2.19	2.28	2.44	3.17	3.6
Telson	total length	5.35	5.9	6.4	7.1	5.75	6.06	5.72	5.81	9.52	11.7
	vesicle length	3.75	4.2	4.7	4.9	3.94	4.09	3.94	3.75	6.83	9.2
	vesicle width	2.05	1.9	2	2.5	1.94	1.94	2.22	2.31	3.33	3.8
	vesicle height	1.65	1.75	1.9	2.1	1.69	1.69	1.97	1.87	3.02	3.6
	aculeus length	1.6	1.7	1.7	2.2	1.81	1.97	1.78	2.06	2.7	2.9
Metasoma+Telson	total length	17.55	19.05	19.1	21.65	18.43	19.76	18.3	18.95	32.2	39.1
Total length		27.55	29.0	29.0	34.3	28.69	31.64	30.7	30.39	56.8	65.9