Carystoides (Balma) goliath Grishin, 2023

Zhang, Jing, Cong, Qian & Grishin, Nick V., 2023, Supplementary Materials and Appendix, Insecta Mundi 2023 (26), pp. 1-115 : 87-88

Carystoides (Balma) goliath Grishin , new species

https://zoobank.org/ A2EA2056-49E6-4315-A42C-A9FF87A5C1A3

( Fig. 8 part, 217–218, 459–464)

Definition and diagnosis. Phylogenetic trees reveal that a unique in appearance specimen from Colombia belongs to the subgenus Balma Grishin, 2022 (type species Carystoides balza Evans, 1955 ) of the genus Carystoides Godman, 1901 (type species Hesperia basoches Latreille, [1824] ) and differs prominently from both species of the subgenus: C. balza (type locality in Ecuador) and Carystoides maroma Möschler, 1877 (type locality in Suriname) ( Fig. 8): by 8.1% (52 bp) and 5.5% (36 bp) in COI barcodes, respectively, and therefore represents a new species. This new species differs from all others by a pale yellow spot at the base of forewing cell CuA 1 -CuA 2 above and a unique for a male arrangement of three forewing hyaline spots with the spot in cell CuA 1 -CuA 2 basad of the spot in the discal cell without overlapping it. This species is not cryptic and is diagnosed reliably by phenotype. In DNA, a combination of the following base pairs is diagnostic in the nuclear genome: aly1146.46.3:T206C, aly1139.84.1:A2445G, aly923.1.5:T72C, aly215.21.1:A1036C, aly215.21.1:A1078C, aly85.38.8:G72G (not T), aly85.38.8:A81A (not T), aly128.26.2:A160A (not C), aly4778.18.1:A394A (not C), aly 1282.12.2:T204T (not C), and COI barcode: A37G, T115C, T142C, T487C, A577G, T637C.

Barcode sequence of the holotype. Sample NVG-18012D11, GenBank OR837722, 658 base pairs: AACTTTATATTTTATTTTTGGAATTTGAGCAGGAATGTTAGGAACATCATTAAGTTTAATAATTCGTACAGAATTAGGAAATCCTGGATCTTTAATT

GGAGATGACCAAATTTACAATACTATTGTCACAGCCCATGCTTTCATTATAATTTTTTTTATAGTTATACCTATTATAATTGGAGGATTTGGAAATT GACTTGTACCTTTAATACTAGGAGCTCCTGATATAGCATTCCCTCGAATAAATAATATAAGTTTTTGAATACTACCCCCCTCATTAACTTTATTAAT TTCAAGAAGAATTGTAGAAAATGGTGCTGGTACAGGATGAACTGTCTATCCCCCCCTTTCATCTAATGTAGCTCACCAAGGATCATCTGTAGATTTA GCTATTTTTTCTTTACATTTAGCAGGTATTTCTTCAATTTTAGGAGCTATTAATTTTATTACTACTATTATTAATATACGAATTAAAAATTTATCAT TCGACCAAATACCTTTATTTATTTGATCTGTAGGAATTACTGCTTTATTATTATTATTATCTTTACCTGTTTTAGCGGGAGCTATTACTATGCTTCT TACTGATCGAAATTTAAATACCTCTTTTTTTGACCCAGCGGGAGGAGGAGACCCCATTCTTTATCAACATTTATTT

Type material. Holotype: ♂ deposited in the National Museum of Natural History , Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA ( USNM), illustrated in Fig. 217–218, bears the following five rectangular labels, four white: [FEB. 1 1989 | Anchicaya, 650m | Valle, Colombia | J. Bolling Sullivan], [Genit. Vial | SRS-3255], [DNA sample ID: | NVG-18012D11 | c/o Nick V. Grishin], [USNMENT | {QR Code} | 01450298], and one red [HOLOTYPE ♂ | Carystoides (Balma) | goliath Grishin ].

Type locality. Colombia: Valle, Anchicaya, elevation 650 m.

Etymology. The name is given for the large size of this species and is a noun in apposition.

Distribution. Colombia.