Campanula hortelensis Gardère, 2015

Gardère, Mathieu L., 2015, Two new species of Campanula (Campanulaceae) from the island of Santo Antão, Cabo Verde archipelago, Phytotaxa 197 (2), pp. 104-114 : 109-111

Campanula hortelensis Gardère , sp. nov. ( Fig. 2D–2F & Fig. 3 )

Campanulae jacobaeae C.Sm. ex Webb affinis, sed calycis anguste triangularibus lobis, inflorescentia in cyma saepe in dichasio, floribus infundibuliformibus, majoribus et revolutis lobis caerulea vel alba subviride corolla foliis subcoriaceis et basalibus falcatis, praecipue differt.

Type :— CABO VERDE. Island of Santo Antão: Monte Hortelão, rochers humides, au bord de la piste, 1500 m, 17°06’03”N, 25°10’57”O, 14 December 2013, M. Gardère 467 (holotype, LISC; isotype, CECV) .

—“ Campanula jacobaea ” auct. non C.Sm. ex Webb: Webb, Niger Flora: 148 (1849); Hooker, Curtis’s Botanical Magazine 109: tab. 6703 (1883); Henriques, Boletim da Sociedade Broteriana 13: 147 (1896); Cardoso Júnior, Subsídios para a Matéria Médica e Therapeutica das Possessões Ultramarinas Portuguezas 1: 244 (1902); idem, 2: 285, 288 (1905); Coutinho, Arquivos da Universidade de Lisboa 1: 313 (1914); Chevalier, Revue de Botanique Appliquée et d’Agriculture Tropicale 15: 888–889 (1935); Sunding, Check-list of the vascular plants of the Cape Verde Islands: 8 (1973); Sunding, Garcia de Orta, Sér. Bot. 2(1): 22 (1974); Eriksson et al., Flora of Macaronesia: 20 (1974); Nogueira, Garcia de Orta, Sér. Bot. 3(1): 28 (1976); Eriksson et al., Flora of Macaronesia 2. rev. ed., part 1: 28 (1979); Lobin, Garcia de Orta, Sér. Bot. 5(2): 216 (1982); Hansen & Sunding, Sommerfeltia 1: 36 (1985); Hansen & Sunding, Sommerfeltia 17: 76–77 (1993); Rustan & Brochmann, Garcia de Orta, Sér. Bot. 11(1–2): 39–40 (1993); Leyens & Lobin, Willdenowia 25: 215–228 (1995); Figueiredo, Flora de Cabo Verde 86: 8–10 (1995); Brochmann et al., Sommerfeltia 24: 193–197 (1997); Sánchez-Pinto et al., Lista preliminar de especies silvestres de Cabo Verde: 42 (2005).

Herbaceous plant, perennial, reaching heights of 20–80 cm, a dense, tufted subshrub; stems branching from the base, upright or curved-ascending, lignified in lower part. Leaves radical, elliptical to obovate, often falciform separated by short internodes; cauline leaves of flowering branches elliptical-oblong to spatulate; sub-leathery leaves (1.5–)2.5– 3.5(–4) × (0.4–)0.6–0.9(–1.2) cm, sessile, alternate; blade attenuate at the base dotted with hispidulous hairs on the adaxial side, equally present on the abaxial side, denser around nerves; margin slightly revolute to dentate, with antrorse teeth; acute apex. Inflorescence pluriflorous cymose, with dichasial tendency. Flowers inserted at the axilla of bracteal leaves, borne by 0.9–4 cm erect pedicels. Calyx with 5 narrowly triangular lobes 13–17 × 4.5–7 mm, appressed up against the corolla tube, reddish to greenish, nerves often red, apex reaching the commissures of corolla lobes, dotted with hispidulous hairs; appendages oval to deltoid, 3.5–7mm long, conduplicate and curved. Corolla glabrous blue, white (light blue on the edges and on nerves) or greenish-white, but always whitish at the base, infundibuliform; tube sub-cylindrical slightly constricted around the middle part, 0.9–1.2 cm in diameter at the base and 1.1–1.5 cm long; lobes explanate or revolute, 4–6 × 8–12 mm, apex apiculate. Roof of the ovary glabrous, flat, topped by a yellowish-white nectary disk, flat-convex, 8 mm wide. Stamens with glabrous filaments, pressed up against the corolla tube; anthers oblong. Style 8–10.5 mm long, longer than the stamens and as long as the corolla tube, terminating with a trifid, papillose stigma. Fruit capsular, dehiscing by basal valves, trilocular, containing numerous seeds. Seeds 0.4 × 0.2 mm, dark brown, ellipsoid.

Note:— Even though C. hortelensis shares many morphological characteristics with C. feijoana , particularly an infundibuliform corolla with explanate or revolute lobes, it is distinguishable by its inflorescences which are pluriflorous cymes, tending to be dichasial, and by its flowers, with their longer sepals, that are prolonged by conduplicate and curved appendages. Moreover, the radical leaves of C. hortelensis are often falciform and the leaf blade is sub-leathery.

Habitat & Ecology:— C. hortelensis is endemic to the center and Northeast of the island of Santo Antão. It can be found only in the highest parts of the island from elevation of 950 m in Cima do Monte Joana, up to 1600 m, in the Ribeira do Círio (Planalto Oeste, valley between Bordeira Norte and Tope de Coroa), and on the northwestern faces of Monte Hortelão and Moroços (mountains to the west of Planalto Leste). The species is hygrophyte or mesophyte and restricted to wet rocky areas, often in association with Adiantum capillus-veneris , Pteris vittata , Wahlenbergia lobelioides (L.f.) Link (1829: 632) and Kickxia elegans (G.Forst.) D.A. Sutton (1988: 211) .

Phenology:— Flowering takes place in December, but occasionally limited flowering can take place between June and July.

Etymology:— The epithet hortelensis refers to its type locality, Monte Hortelão.

Additional specimens examined (paratypes):— CABO VERDE. Island of Santo Antão : s. loc., May 1887, J. Cardoso s.n. ( COI) ; Cova , 23–28 September 1934, Chevalier 45512 ( P) ; ibid., NE side, along the path to Ribeira do Paúl, 1180 m, 17°06–07’ N, 25°03–04’ W, 04 January 1982, C. Brochmann & Ø. H. Rustan CB-056/82 ( O) ; ibid., rinne der südexponierter, böschung des Kraters, oberhalb der Quelleneinfassung, ca. 1200 m, 12 December 1985, N. Kilian 857 ( FR) ; entre Lombo Pelado e Curral da Ruça , erva vivaz, nas paredes com humidade, flôr azul, frequente, 17 March 1956, L. A. Grandvaux Barbosa 6924 ( CECV, LISC) ; entre Cova y Lagoa , sobre sutrato rócoso vertical, junto Wahlenbergia lobelioides , escaso suelo, 1100 m, 18 May 1987, Cristóbal González-Coviella Ulrich 4060 ( CECV) ; Cima do Monte Joana , 950 m, 25 October 1972, P. Sunding 2714 ( O) ; between Chã de Morte and Tope de Coroa , above Tope Caetano, 1310 m, 17°02–03’ N, 25°14–15’ W, 14 January 1982, C. Brochmann & Ø. H. Rustan CB-311/82 ( O) ; ibid., 1400 m, 17°02–03’ N, 25°14–15’ W, 14 January 1982, C. Brochmann & Ø. H. Rustan CB-312/82 ( O) ; ibid., white flowers, specimens with blue and white flowers in same population, 1430 m, 25°14–15’ N, 17°02–03’ W, 22 January 1982, C. Brochmann & Ø. H. Rustan CB-409/82 ( O) ; along the path from Chã de Morte to Tope de Coroa , N of Covão da Ribeira das Patas, 1430 m, 17°02–03’ N, 25°14–15’ W, 22 January 1982, Ø. H. Rustan & C. Brochmann ØHR-1715 ; small Ribeira west of the entrance to Ribeira das Patas, ca. 1550 m, 08 February 1995, T. Leyens CV-95-346 ( BONN) ; Ribeira da Cruz , small Ribeirinha at the road, 1000 m, 06 February 1995, T. Leyens CV-95-317 ( BONN) ; upper part of Ribeira de Janela , ca. 1050 m, escarpements, 10 February 1995, T. Leyens CV-95-375 ( BONN) ; Ribeira da Torre , small Ribeirinha at 1460 m, NE-facing escarpments, 13 February 1994, T. Leyens CV-94-124 ( B, BONN) ; Chão do Lagôa , prox. Da Ribeira Fria, August–September 1893, J. Cardoso s.n. ( LISU [2parts]) ; Moroços, small rock face with trickling water at 1460 m, blue and white specimens, 02 February 1995, T. Leyens CV-95-262 ( BONN) ; Ribeira da Agua Amarogosa, adjacent Ribeirisinhas east of the Tope de Coroa area , ca. 1250 m, 17°03’015”N, 25°15’084”W, 08 February 1995, T. Leyens CV-95-350 ( BONN) ; Ribeira da Garça, steep cliffs at bottom of Ribeira da Garça , 09 February 1995, T. Leyens CV-95-362 ( BONN) ; seguindo pela ribeira da Garça, erva vivaz, suspensa nas paredes, abundante, flores brancas, 4 April 1956, L. A. Grandvaux Barbosa 7109 ( CECV, LISC) ; Monte Hortelão , rochers humides, au bord de la piste, 1500 m, 17°06’03”N, 25°10’57”O, 14 December 2013, M. Gardère 467 ( CECV, LISC) ; ibid., 14 December 2013, M. Gardère 468 ( LISC) ; ibid., 14 December 2013, M. Gardère 469 ( LISC) ; ibid., 14 December 2013, M. Gardère 470 ( COI) ; ibid., 14 December 2013, M. Gardère 471 ( LISC) ; ibid., 14 December 2013, M. Gardère 472 ( LISC) ; ibid., 14 December 2013, M. Gardère 473 ( LISC) ; ibid., 14 December 2013, M. Gardère 474 ( LISC, P) ; ibid., 14 December 2013, M. Gardère 475 ( P) ; Bordeira Norte , vallon humide au bord du chemin, 1550 m, 17°02’24”N, 25°13’54”O, 16 December 2013, M. Gardère 521 ( LISC) ; Ribeira do Círio , rochers humides, 1500 m, 17°02’31”N, 25°14’07”O, 16 December 2013, M. Gardère 522 ( LISC) ; ibid., 16 December 2013, M. Gardère 523 ( P) ; ibid., 16 December 2013, M. Gardère 524 ( LISC) ; ibid., 16 December 2013, M. Gardère 525 ( LISC) ; ibid., 16 December 2013, M. Gardère 526 ( LISC) .

Figures

FIGURE 2. Campanula feijoana, humid and steep rocky areas in Ribeira da Vinha, Santo Antão: A. (Gardère 458) Habit; B. (Gardère 461) Flower. Campanula jacobaea, Serra Malagueta, Santiago: C. Habit. Campanula hortelensis, northwestern faces of Monte Hortelão, Santo Antão: D. (Gardère 471) Habit; E. (Gardère 467) and F. (Gardère 474) Flowers

FIGURE 3. Campanula hortelensis. A. Habit. B. Vegetative branch. C. and D. The two distinct radical leaves. E. Cauline leaf. F. and G. Flowers. H. Dissection of a flower. I. Fruiting calyx (capsule). Drawings by V. Damianthe from Gardère 473 (A, E–H), Gardère 467 (B–D) and Gardère 471 (I).