Calypogeia cuspidata (Steph.) Steph., Bull. Herb. Boissier ( ser . 2) 8 (9): 669 (401). 1908.

Bakalin, Vadim A., Klimova, Ksenia G. & Nguyen, Van Sinh, 2020, A review of Calypogeia (Marchantiophyta) in the eastern Sino-Himalaya and Meta-Himalaya based mostly on types, PhytoKeys 153, pp. 111-154 : 111

Calypogeia cuspidata (Steph.) Steph., Bull. Herb. Boissier ( ser. 2) 8 (9): 669 (401). 1908. Figures 6N-Q , 7A-F , 9G-M

= Calypogeia confertifolia Steph. Species Hepaticarum 6: 447. 1924. Type: Hawaii. 330 m a.s.l. (1000 ft. on the label) (Lectotype (designated here): G [G00067701!] there is no other known authentic materials for this taxon in G).

= Calypogeia hawaica Steph. Bull. Herb. Boissier, sér. 2, 8(9): 663. 1908. Type: Hawaii, Baldwin (Lectotype, designated here: G [G00067698]). The cited specimen should be selected as the lectotype (there are several specimens in the sheet, all collected by Baldwin in Hawaii) because this specimen label bears only measurements handwritten by Stephani. G00282642 contains plants similar to C. tosana (as also annotated by H. Miller) with constantly bifid leaves and bisbifid underleaves. G00282641 is the same as G00282642. G00282640 is the transitional variant between G00282642 and the lectotype. G00282598 is the same as G00282640.

Basionym.

Kantius cuspidatus Steph., Bull. Herb. Boissier 5 (10): 846. 1897.

Type.

Hawaii, Heller 2308 (LECTOTYPE (designated here): G [G00069713!] there are no other known authentic materials for this taxon in G).

Remarks.

The species was described from Hawaii and is somewhat morphologically similar to Indochinese-Malesian C. apiculata , especially in comparatively small and only shortly decurrent underleaves. It is questionable whether the species may occur in the Sino-Himalaya and Meta-Himalaya, although similar forms, regarded by us as the only forms of C. apiculata , were observed in Vietnam. The description from the lectotype of C. cuspidata is as follows: plants greenish to brownish greenish, 1.5-2.3 mm wide 2-4 cm long; stem 180-210 µm wide; rhizoids virtually absent or in erect spreading fascicles, rarely occur; leaves contiguous to overlapping for 2/5 of leaf width in the basal part, loosely concave-canaliculate, obliquely ovate, not decurrent, well developed 700-1100 × 550-900 µm, merely acute to obtuse, rarely narrowly rounded; underleaves 1.1-1.4 as wide as stem, arcuately inserted, not or for ¼ of stem width decurrent, divided by U-shaped sinus, undivided portion 2(-3) cells high, lateral teeth absent; midleaf cells thin-walled, trigones very small, concave, 35-53 × 30-40 µm; cuticle smooth.

Calypogeia cuspidata differs from C. apiculata in not or shortly decurrent underleaves, more densely inserted leaves, wider underleaves with longer lobes, divided by U-shaped sinus and smooth leaf cuticle.

The status of Calypogeia confertifolia , synonymized with C. cuspidata ( Miller et al. 1983, also https://bryophyteportal.org/frullania/taxa/index.php?tid=164252#), is questionable. The description from the lectotype of C. confertifolia is as follows: plants greenish brownish, slightly glistening, barely translucent, 1250-2200 µm wide; stem 250-300 µm wide; rhizoids sparse to numerous, in brownish, obliquely to erect spreading fascicles; leaves subimbricate (overlapping to ½ of the next leaf), convex, obliquely inserted and oriented, apical thirds turned to ventral side, not or barely decurrent, obliquely ovate to subrotundate, apex acute to obtuse or rounded, well-developed 800-1000 × 800-1000 µm; underleaves appressed to the stem or very narrowly spreading, 1.5-2.0 as wide as stem, divided by V- to U-shaped sinus into two triangular lobes, without lateral teeth, not decurrent or decurrent to 1/3 of stem width, undivided portion 2-3 cells high; cells in the midleaf thin-walled, 35-55 × 30-45 µm, trigones very small to vestigial, concave; cuticle smooth.

Due to plant features in the type specimen Calypogeia confertifolia , it differs from the C. cuspidata type in leaf shape, which is convex in C. confertifolia but concave-canaliculate in C. cuspidata , as well as in wider leaves and thicker stems. Due to limited material available, we still maintain the synonymy of these names.

Another possible synonym of Calypogeia cuspidata is C. hawaica . The description based on the lectotype is as follows: plants yellowish brownish, merely translucent, more or less soft, 2.0-3.1 mm wide, branching not seen; stem 210-320 µm wide; rhizoids sparse, in some underleaves only, in obliquely spreading brownish fascicles; leaves contiguous to overlapping to 1/3 of the next leaf in the base, nearly planar to very loosely canaliculate-concave, ventrally not decurrent, 800-1400 × 700-1150 µm, obliquely ovate, apiculate, or rarer, apex obtuse or very shortly bidentate (commonly larger leaves); underleaves obliquely spreading, decurrent for 1/3-1/2 of stem width, 1.0-1.2 as wide as stem, divided by V-shaped sinus into two lobes, undivided portion 2-3 cells high, with smooth or without blunt tooth or very shortly bisbifid; cells in the midleaf 37-75 × 37-45 µm, thin-walled, trigones vestigial, cuticle virtually smooth.

Calypogeia hawaica may be compared with C. tosana , C. apiculata and C. cuspidata . It is different from C. apiculata through its not decurrent leaves and smooth cuticle; from typical C. cuspidata in sometimes briefly bifid, narrower and longer decurrent underleaves and sometimes bisbifid leaves; from C. tosana , it differs in almost uniformly bifid leaves and bisbifid underleaves (underleaves are wider in C. tosana ), and more translucent and glistening appearance. The closest morphological relations are to C. cuspidata , but this question needs further consideration.

Figures

Figure 6. Calypogeia goebelii (Schiffn.) Steph.: A plant habit, fragment, ventral view B, C leaves D, E Underleaves Calypogeia ceylanica S. Hatt. et Mizut.: F plant habit, fragment, dorsal view G plant habit, fragment, ventral view H, I, J underleaves K, L, M leaves Calypogeia cuspidata (Steph.) Steph.: N plant habit, fragment, dorsal view O plant habit, fragment, ventral view P underleaf Q leaf Calypogeia japonica Steph. R plant habit, fragment, ventral view S plant habit, fragment, dorsal view T, U, Z, AC, AD, AE, AF underleaves V, W, X, Y, AA, AB leaves. A-E from Syntype G 00115804; F-M isotype G 00064248; N-Q lectotype G 00069713; R-W from Neotype G 00047413 / 9720; X-Z, AE, AF from G 00047412 / 9717; AA-AD from holotype of Calypogeia ovifolia H. Inoue TNS 76048.

Figure 7. Calypogeia cuspidata (Steph.) Steph.: A plant habit, fragment, ventral view B leaf C, D, E underleaves F leaf apex cells Calypogeia integristipula Steph.: G leaf H underleaf I leaf middle cells Calypogeia japonica Steph. J leaf K, L underleaves. Scale bars: 1 mm (A, G, H); 500 µm (B, F, J, L, K); 100 µm (C, D, E); 50 µm (I). A, B, C, D, E, F from Lectotype of C. hawaica G 00067698; G, H, I from Lectotype G 00061108 / 26879; J, K, L Neotype G 00047413 / 9720.

Figure 9. Calypogeia asakawana S. Hatt. ex Inoue: A plant habit, fragment, ventral view B, C underleaves D Leaf Calypogeia ceylanica S. Hatt. et Mizut.: E, F leaves H underleaf J leaf middle cells Calypogeia cuspidata (Steph.) Steph. G plant habit, fragment, ventral view I underleaf L leaf M leaf middle cells Calypogeia decurrens (Steph.) Steph.: K plant habit, fragment, ventral view. Scale bars: 2 mm (G); 1 mm (E, F, K); 500 µm (A, D, L); 200 µm (H, I); 100 µm (B, C); 50 µm (J, M). A from Holotype TNS- 174359; B, C, D from authentic material of C. okamurana Steph. nom. herb., G 00067726; E, F, H, J Isotype G 00064248, G, I, L, M from Lectotype G 00069713; K from Isotype G 00060745.