Calumma nasutum

Prötzel, David, Scherz, Mark D., Ratsoavina, Fanomezana M., Vences, Miguel & Glaw, Frank, 2020, Untangling the trees: Revision of the Calumma nasutum complex (Squamata: Chamaeleonidae), Vertebrate Zoology 70 (1), pp. 23-59 : 54-55

Key for male specimens of the Calumma nasutum group

The following key is based on external morphology only and some characters of species lacking occipital lobes (highlighted by underlined numbers, except for Calumma roaloko ) are illustrated in Fig. 17 with numbers referring to the sections of the key. For diagnostic characters of colouration, see Table 4, and for further morphological characters, see Table 1 . Females of this complex are more homogeneous in morphology and thus generally show fewer diagnostic characters (e.g. shorter and indistinct rostral appendages, usually lacking a dorsal crest) and were not considered in the identification key, except for the identification of C. juliae where only females are known so far. The key for the Calumma boettgeri complex of PRÖTZEL et al. (2018b) was modified and supplemented with C. roaloko . Illustrations of characters for underlined numbers in the key are given in Fig. 17.

1a Occipital lobes absent ( Calumma nasutum c omplex) ...................................................................... 2

1b Occipital lobes present ( Calumma boettgeri complex) ..................................................................... 9

2a Rostral appendage long (5.0 – 11.0 mm) and spearlike, dorsal crest absent, homogeneous scalation on body and head .............. Calumma gallus complex

2b Rostral appendage shorter and rounded, dorsal crest can be present or absent, more or less heterogeneous scalation on body and head .................................. 3

3a Rostral scale integrated in rostral appendage, rostral appendage oriented downwards, parietal crest absent, absence of cornucula gemina on hemipenis .... .............................. Calumma radamanus complex

3b Rostral scale not integrated in rostral appendage, rostral appendage straight or oriented upwards, parietal crest present (can be absent in C. nasutum and C. vohibola ), cornucula gemina present ............... 4

4a Rostral appendage short (≤ 1.4 mm), small total length (≤ 89.0 mm), dorsal crest present and consisting of spines ....................... Calumma vohibola

4b Rostral appendage completely lacking, large total length (> 120.0 mm), dorsal crest absent................. .................................................... Calumma vatosoa

4c Rostral appendage longer (> 1.4 mm), total length medium sized (89.0 – 110.0 mm), dorsal crest present or absent.......................................................... 5

5a Low casque (≤ 0.6 mm) and dorsal crest consisting of spines ..................... Calumma emelinae sp. nov.

5b Casque higher (> 0.6 mm) and dorsal crest consisting of small cones, if present (spines can also occur in C. radamanus and C. vohibola ) ......................... 6

6a Casque height <1.5 mm ....................................... 7

6b Casque height> 1.5 mm ........................................ 8

7a Relatively homogeneous scalation on the head with diameter of largest temporal scale ≤ 0.8 mm, high number of supra- and infralabial scales (n ≥ 15), frontoparietal fenestra absent (you can feel the closed skull roof by gently pushing the top of the head of a preserved specimen) ................................ ................................ Calumma tjiasmantoi sp. nov.

7b Heterogeneous scalation on the head with diameter of largest temporal scale ≥ 1.3 mm, lower number of supra- and infralabial scales (10 – 14), frontoparietal fenestra present (the top of the head of a preserved specimen feels soft) … Calumma ratnasariae sp. nov.

8a Parietal crest present, frontoparietal fenestra present, casque rather rounded (convex), axillary pits absent, upper margin of supralabial scales usually serrated ........................................ Calumma fallax

8b Parietal crest usually absent, frontoparietal fenestra absent, casque rather pointed (concave), axillary pits can occur, upper margin of supralabial scales usually in line .......................... Calumma nasutum

9a Small tubercle scales (diameter ≤ 0.5 mm) on extremities, small body size (<110 mm total length, ≤ 45 mm SVL) ...................................................... 10

9b Large tubercle scales (diameter 0.5– 0.9 mm) on extremities, large body size (generally> 110 mm total length,> 45 mm SVL) ....................................... 12

10a Tubercle scales on extremities isolated from each other, upper margin of supralabial scales serrated ... .................................................. Calumma boettgeri

10b Tubercle scales on extremities bordering each other, upper margin of supralabial scales in line ........... 11

11a Temporal crest present, dorsal crest consisting of 13 – 14 cones or spines, medium sized rostral appendage (≤ 3.9 mm) ...................... Calumma uetzi

11b Temporal crest absent, dorsal crest consisting of 1 – 2 cones, longer rostral appendage (≥ 3.9 mm).... ................................................... Calumma roaloko

12a Occipital lobes not or only slightly separated (notch 0 – 0.8 mm), no frontoparietal fenestra (closed skull roof) ..................................................................... 13

12b Occipital lobes clearly separated (notch> 0.5 mm), frontoparietal fenestra present (can be felt through the skin in alcohol-preserved specimens) .......... 14

13a Temporal crest of one or two tubercles present, parietal crest present, dorsal crest in females absent or consisting of up to 6 dorsal cones .... Calumma linotum

13b Temporal crest absent, parietal crest absent, dorsal crest present in females and consisting of 9 – 14 cones ............................................ Calumma juliae

14a Large frontoparietal fenestra, occipital lobes widely separated, dorsal and caudal crest absent, rostral appendage rounded ......................... Calumma guibei

14b Small frontoparietal fenestra, occipital lobes slightly connected, dorsal crest of 7 – 15 distinct cones, no caudal crest, rostral appendage rounded ................. .................................................. Calumma gehringi

14c Medium-sized frontoparietal fenestra, occipital lobes completely separated, dorsal crest of> 20 small conical scales, caudal crest present, rostral appendage pointed> 5.5 mm ........................ Calumma lefona

Figures

Fig. 17. Illustrations of important characters of the identification key to the species of the Calumma nasutum complex lacking occipital lobes (except for C. roaloko, illustrated in 1b). The numbers in the upper left refer to the respective sections of the identification key. Di- agnostic characters are marked in red. For further diagnostic characters, see also Table 1.