Calcimitra bellardii ( Hoernes & Auinger, 1880 )

Harzhauser, Mathias & Landau, Bernard, 2021, The Mitridae (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea, Zootaxa 4983 (3), pp. 1-72 : 25-27

Calcimitra bellardii ( Hoernes & Auinger, 1880)

Figs 6A 1 –A 2 , B 1 –B 2 , C 1 –C 2 , D 1 –D 2 , E 1 –E 2 , F 1 –F 2

[ Mitra ] subulata Partsch— Hörnes 1848: 17 [nomen nudum] [non Lamarck, 1811].

Mitra Bronni Micht. — Hörnes 1852b: 103, pl. 10, figs 22–24 [non Michelotti, 1847].

[ Mitra ] Bronni Micht. — Auinger 1871: 8 [non Michelotti, 1847].

[ Mitra ] Bellardii nov. form.—Hoernes 1880: 125 [nomen nudum].

* Mitra Bellardii nov. form.— Hoernes & Auinger 1880: 78 (pars) [non pl. 9, figs 15–16 = Episcomitra antibellardii nov. sp.].

Mitra bellardii Hö. Au. — Boettger, 1902: 13.

Mitra (Mitra) subfusulus n. nom.— Boettger 1906: 5, nov. nom. pro Mitra bellardii Hoernes & Auinger, 1880 .

M [itraria]. (M [itraria].) bellardii (R. Hörn, et Au.)— Sieber 1958a: 153.

Mitra (Mitraria) auingeri nom. nov. —Kojumdgieva in Kojumdgieva & Strachimirov 1960: 159, pl. 42, fig. 7 [nov. nom. pro Mitra bellardii Hoernes & Auinger, 1880 ].

Mitra bellardii Hoernes et Auinger — Csepreghy-Meznerics 1969: 92, pl. 5, fig. 31.

Mitra bellardii Hoernes et Auinger — Csepreghy-Meznerics 1972: 31, pl. 14, fig. 14.

Cancilla bellardii ( Hoernes & Auinger, 1880) — Cernohorsky 1991: 36.

non Mitra (Mitra) bellardii Hoernes et Auinger, 1880 — Glibert 1952a: 118, pl. 9, fig. 4.

non Mitra (Nebularia) scrobiculata var. bellardii Hoernes & Auinger, 1880 — Strausz 1966: 365, pl. 26, figs 9–10 [= Cancilla nanostriatula nov. sp.].

Type material. Lectotype (designated herein): NHMW 2020 /0135/0001, SL: 24.4 mm, MD: 6.8 mm, Baden ( Austria), illustrated in Hörnes (1852b, pl. 10, fig. 23), figs 6F 1 –F 2 . Paralectotype: NHMW 1846 /0037/0107a, SL: 23.7 mm , MD: 6.3 mm, Baden ( Austria), illustrated in Hörnes (1852b, pl. 10, fig. 24), figs 6E 1 –E 2 .

Additional material. SFM 12.2243a, SL: 21.8 mm, MD: 5.5 mm, Senckenberg Museum , Frankfurt / Main, Germany , Coşteiu de Sus ( Romania), figs 7A 1 –A 2; SFM 12.2243a, SL: 19.9 mm, MD: 6.0 mm, Senckenberg Museum , Frankfurt / Main, Germany , Coşteiu de Sus ( Romania), figs 6B 1 –B 2; SFM 12.2243a, SL: 18.7 mm, MD: 5.7 mm, Senckenberg Museum , Frankfurt / Main, Germany , Coşteiu de Sus ( Romania), figs 6C 1 –C 2; NHMW 2020 /0133/0001, SL: 23.4 mm, MD: 6.4 mm, Lăpugiu de Sus ( Romania), figs 6D 1 –D 2; NHMW 2020 /0133/0002, SL: 20.1 mm, MD: 5.8 mm, Lăpugiu de Sus ( Romania); NHMW 2020 /0133/0003, SL: 21.9 mm, MD: 6.5 mm, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania); NHMW 1870 /0033/0033, 44 specimens, Lăpugiu de Sus ( Romania) .

Description. Shell glossy, small, slender fusiform. Protoconch high conical of three smooth convex whorls. Teleoconch of seven whorls. First teleoconch whorls subcylindrical, slightly gradate, weakly canaliculate suture. Later spire whorls straight sided to weakly convex, with periphery at abapical suture. About eight prominent, convex axial ribs on first teleoconch whorl separated by slightly wider interspaces. Axial ribs weakening on third teleoconch whorl crossed by three prominent, slightly punctate spiral grooves placed on adapical half of whorl. Additional weaker spiral grooves on penultimate whorl. Last whorl nearly straight sided above periphery, slowly contracting into long base; spiral sculpture subobsolete along periphery. Numerous low, convex spiral cords on base and fasciole. Interspaces slightly punctate with delicate axial growth lines. Aperture elongate, narrow to moderately narrow, posteriorly angulated with indistinct anal notch. Columellar callus thin, broad, glossy. Columella with three weak, oblique columellar folds. Outer lip thin. Siphonal canal long, bent to the left, strongly twisted with moderately deep siphonal notch.

Shell measurements and ratios. SL: 18.7–25.5 mm, MD: 5.5–7.6 mm, AA = 24–27°, SL/MD: 3.5–3.8, AL/ AW: 4.8–5.9, AH/S: 1.9–2.2.

Discussion. Hoernes & Auinger (1880) referred to the specimens illustrated by Hörnes (1852, pl. 10, figs 22–24) when establishing Mitra bellardii as new name [“ die von Baden stammenden Originale ” (the original specimens from Baden)]. Therefore, these specimens are syntypes. Herein, we select the specimen illustrated in Hörnes (1852b, pl. 10, fig. 23) as lectotype and specimen on fig. 24 as paralectotype. The third syntype ( Hörnes 1852b, pl. 10, fig. 22) is lost. Unfortunately, Hoernes & Auinger (1880) illustrated two specimens from Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania) as Mitra bellardii , stating that these specimens differ in their large size ( Hoernes & Auinger 1880, pl. 9, figs 15–16). The Lăpugiu de Sus specimens are not conspecific with Calcimitra bellardii , but influenced the concept of ‘ Mitra bellardii ’ of subsequent authors (e.g. Glibert 1952; Janssen 1972). These two specimens are described herein as Episcomitra antibellardii nov. sp.

Boettger (1906) assumed that Mitra bellardii Hoernes & Auinger, 1880 was preoccupied by Foresti (1879) and introduced Mitra subfusulus as new name. Foresti (1879: 115), however, described his species as Mitra bellardiana and therefore, there is no homonymy. For the same reason, Mitra (Mitraria) auingeri Kojumdgieva in Kojumdgieva & Strachimirov 1960 is a superfluous replacement name. Calcimitra fusulus ( Cocconi, 1873) , from the Mediterranean Pliocene, differs only in its larger size (SL = 40 mm) and the less twisted siphonal canal (see Cavallo & Repetto 1992, fig. 301; Chirli 2002, pl. 22, figs 5–9).

Calcimitra bellardii differs from all the species in Bellardi’s (1887b: 12) “ 46 a Serie ” (see generic discussion) in having the spirals obsolete, subobsolete, or greatly reduced in number.

Palaeoenvironment. The clay of the Baden Formation formed in middle to outer neritic settings with up to 250 m water depth ( Hohenegger et al. 2008). Extant Calcimitra species are deep water species ( Fedosov et al. 2018).

Distribution in Central Paratethys. Badenian (middle Miocene): North-Alpine-Carpathian Foredeep: Jerutek at Lysice, Hrušovany nad Jevišovkou, Jaroměřice nad Rokytnou ( Czech Republic) ( Hoernes & Auinger 1880); Vienna Basin: Baden, Gainfarn, Niederleis ( Austria) ( Hoernes & Auinger 1880); Eisenstadt-Sopron Basin: Forchtenau ( Austria) ( Hoernes & Auinger 1880); Bükk Mountains ( Hungary) ( Csepreghy-Meznerics 1972); Făget Basin: Lăpugiu de Sus, Coşteiu de Sus ( Romania) ( Hoernes & Auinger 1880); Dacian Basin: Staropatica, Yasen, Urovene ( Bulgaria) (Kojumdgieva in Kojumdgieva & Strachimirov 1960).

Figures

FIGURE 1. A. Map of central and south–eastern Europe, representing the area that was partly covered by the Central Paratethys Sea (for detailed maps with the localities mentioned in the text see Kroh (2005) and Nosowska (2020). The white insert corresponds to the area that is restored in the palaeogeographic map below. B. Palaeogeography of the Middle Miocene Paratethys Sea (modified from Harzhauser & Landau 2017) showing the most important sedimentary basins (NAFB: North Alpine Foreland Basin, E–Sopr B: Eisenstadt–Sopron Basin).

FIGURE 2. Measurements for shell morphology and whorl profiles. SL: shell length, MD: maximum diameter, AA: apical angle, LWH: last whorl height, AH: aperture height. AL: aperture length. AW: aperture width. S: length of siphonal canal.

FIGURE 6. A1–A2. Calcimitra bellardii (Hoernes & Auinger, 1880), Coşteiu de Sus (Romania), SFM 12.2243a. B1–B2. Calcimitra bellardii (Hoernes & Auinger, 1880), Coşteiu de Sus (Romania), SFM 12.2243a. C1–C2. Calcimitra bellardii (Hoernes & Auinger, 1880), Coşteiu de Sus (Romania), SFM 12.2243a. D1–D2. Calcimitra bellardii (Hoernes & Auinger, 1880), NHMW 2020/0133/0001, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania). E1–E2. NHMW 1846/0037/0107a, Calcimitra bellardii (Hoernes & Auinger, 1880), paralectotype, Baden (Austria). F1–F2. NHMW 2020/0135/0001, Calcimitra bellardii (Hoernes & Auinger, 1880), lectotype, Baden (Austria).