Cafius variolosus, Sharp, 1871

Taphylininae, Iochini, Aorothiini, Thiini, Latyprosopini, Taphylinini, Mblyopinina, Nisolinina, Yptiomina, Hilonthina & Herman, Lee H., 2001, Staphylininae: Diochini, Maorothiini, Othiini, Platyprosopini, Staphylinini (Amblyopinina, Anisolinina, Hyptiomina, Philonthina), Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 2441 (265), pp. 2435-3021 : 2578-2591

variolosus Sharp, 1871 , see: xantholoma Gravenhorst, 1806 .

velutinus Fauvel, 1877: 256 ( Cafius ; Type locality: Australie, Nouvelle Galles du Sud).

— Fauvel, 1878g: 542 ( Cafius ; characters; Australia).

— Olliff, 1887: 506 ( Cafius ; characters; Australia).

— Lea, 1899: 540 ( Cafius ; Australia).

— Bernhauer and Schubert, 1914: 363 ( Cafius ; catalog).

— Lea, 1925: 226 ( Cafius ; characters; Australia).

- DISTRIBUTION: Australia.

vestitus Sharp, 1874: 37 ( Philonthus ; subgenus Cafius ; Type locality: Amakusa and Iwosima). — Fauvel, 1874: 196 [= 1874a: 422] ( Cafius ).

— Bernhauer and Schubert, 1914: 363 ( Cafius ; catalog).

— Scheerpeltz, 1933: 1370 ( Cafius ; catalog).

— C. Koch, 1936b: 189 ( Cafius ; characters in key; Japan; Korea).

— Nakane, 1963a: 92 ( Cafius ; characters; habitus photograph; Japan).

— Watanabe and Shibata, 1965: 321 ( Cafius ; subgenus Remus ; Japan).

— Watanabe and Shibata, 1972: 64 ( Cafius ; Yaku-shima Island).

— Hasegawa and Kanie, 1992: 20 ( Cafius ; seashore collection; Japan).

— Watanabe, 1993d ( Cafius ; Sarushima Island).

— J. Li, 1993: 40 ( Cafius ; China).

— Kanehisa, Tsumuki, and Kawazu, 1994 ( Cafius ; chemical secretions).

- DISTRIBUTION: Japan, Korea, China.

xantholoma Gravenhorst, 1806: 41 ( Staphylinus ; Type locality: Rostochii).

— Gyllenhal, 1810: 323 ( Staphylinus ; characters; Sweden).

— Germar, 1827: 3 ( Staphylinus ; characters; Baltic).

— Curtis, 1829: 26 ( Cafius ; catalog; Britain).

— Curtis, 1830: pl. 322 ( Cafius ; characters; Britain).

— Mannerheim, 1830: 31 ( Cafius ; Sweden).

— Mannerheim, 1831: 445 ( Cafius ; Sweden).

— Stephens, 1833: 246 ( Cafius ; characters; England; Isle of Wight).

— Nordmann, 1837: 126 ( Gyrohypnus ; Germany; Sweden).

— Westwood, 1838a: 16 ( Cafius ; type species).

— Zetterstedt, 1838: 64 ( Staphylinus ; characters; habitat; Lapland).

— Stephens, 1839: 399 ( Cafius ; characters; England).

— Erichson, 1840: 452 ( Philonthus ; characters; Germaniae septentrionalis; Sweden; England; Portugal).

— Laporte, 1840: 179 ( Cafius ; characters; Germany; England).

— Jacobsen, 1849: 693 ( Philonthus ; notes; characters; Denmark).

— Redtenbacher, 1849: 825 ( Philonthus ; characters; Austria).

— Kiesenwetter, 1851a: 416 ( Philonthus ; France).

— Küster, 1853a: 58 ( Philonthus ; characters; Lapland; Sweden; England; France; Spain; Portugal; Italy).

— Hardy, 1851: 27 ( Philonthus ; notes; England).

— Fairmaire and Laboulbène, 1856: 521 ( Philonthus ; characters; France).

— Staudinger, 1857: 286 ( Philonthus ; notes; Iceland).

— Kraatz, 1857d: 595 ( Philonthus ; characters; Germany).

— Redtenbacher, 1857: 192 ( Philonthus ; characters; Austria).

— Peyron, 1858: 425 ( Philonthus ; Turkey).

— Thomson, 1859: 24 (type species of Cafius ).

— Thomson, 1860: 152 ( Cafius ; characters; Scandinavia).

— Wollaston, 1864: 570 ( Philonthus ; characters; Canary Islands).

— Wollaston, 1865: 491 ( Philonthus ; habitat; notes; Canary Islands).

— Fauvel, 1874: 198 [= 1874a: 424] ( Cafius ; characters; France; Algeria; Turkey).

— Redtenbacher, 1874: 211 ( Philonthus ; characters; Austria).

— Seidlitz, 1875: 275 ( Philonthus ; characters; Baltic region).

— Mulsant and Rey, 1876: 571 [= 1877: 427] ( Gabrius ; characters; France).

— Fauvel, 1878: 120 [= 1878a: 40] ( Cafius ; Morocco; Algeria).

— Fauvel, 1886: 52 [= 1886a: 44] ( Cafius ; Morocco; Tunisia; Algeria).

— Fowler, 1888: 282 ( Cafius ; characters; Britain).

— Seidlitz, 1891: 390 ( Cafius ; characters; Europe).

— Seidlitz, 1891a: 415 ( Cafius ; characters; Europe).

— Ganglbauer, 1895: 463 ( Cafius ; characters; Europe).

— Fauvel, 1902b: 106 ( Cafius ; Barbary; Egypt; Canaries).

— Poppius, 1905: 10 ( Cafius ; Orkney Islands).

— Sainte-Claire Deville, 1906: 95 ( Cafius ; Corsica).

— Montandon, 1908: 79 ( Cafius ; Romania).

— Reitter, 1909: 124 ( Cafius ; characters; Germany).

— Bernhauer and Schubert, 1914: 363 ( Cafius ; catalog).

— Johansen, 1914: 420 ( Cafius ; characters; Denmark).

— Portevin, 1929: 354 ( Cafius ; characters; France).

— Gridelli, 1930: 72 ( Cafius ; Libya).

— Gridelli, 1931: 123 ( Cafius ; characters in key).

— Scheerpeltz, 1933: 1370 ( Cafius ; catalog).

— C. Koch, 1936b: 168, 169 ( Cafius ; characters; Egypt).

— C. Koch, 1936b: 181 ( Cafius ; characters in key; Europe; North Africa; Canary Islands).

— Paulian, 1941: 231 ( Cafius ; larval characters).

— V. Hansen, 1952: 34 ( Cafius ; characters; Denmark).

— Cameron, 1951: 283 ( Cafius ; Egypt).

— Larsson and Gígja, 1959: 88 ( Cafius ; biological notes; Iceland).

— Scheerpeltz, 1960d: 136 ( Cafius ; subgenus Cafius ; Portugal).

— Palm, 1963b: 60 ( Cafius ; characters; Sweden; Denmark; Norway; Finland).

— Lohse, 1964: 173 ( Cafius ; characters; central Europe).

— Scheerpeltz, 1965c: 508 ( Cafius ; Sicily).

— Horion, 1965: 120 ( Cafius ; sea coast of Europe and North Africa).

— Pototskaia, 1967: 53 ( Cafius ; larval characters).

— Coiffait and Saiz, 1968: 362, 363 ( Cafius ; characters; Chile).

— James, Moore, and Legner, 1971: 282 ( Cafius ; larval characters).

— Saiz, 1971b: 349 ( Cafius ; Chile).

— Coiffait, 1974: 347 ( Cafius ; characters; Europe; Scandinavia; North Africa; Canary Islands; southern Africa ; Red Sea) .

— Pope, 1977: 30 ( Cafius ; Britain).

— Hinton, 1981: 661 ( Cafius ; characters of egg).

— Frank, 1982: 34 ( Cafius ; list of parasites).

— Elliott, King, and Fordy, 1983 ( Cafius ; habitat; natural history).

— Tóth, 1984: 40 ( Cafius ; characters).

— Elliott and King, 1986 ( Cafius ; adaptations for intertidal living).

— Segers, 1986: 46 ( Cafius ; checklist of species; Belgium).

— Lucht, 1987: 104 ( Cafius ; checklist; Germany; Poland; France; Benelux; Denmark; Sweden).

— Haghebaert, 1989a: 278 ( Cafius ; notes; Camargue).

— Israelson, 1990: 2 ( Cafius ; Azores).

— Borges, 1990: Table II ( Cafius ; Azores) .

— Welch, 1993: 229 ( Cafius ; ovariole number and ovary structure).

— Hernández, Outerelo, and Gamarra, 1994: 187 ( Cafius ; checklist of species; Canary Islands).

— Sparacio, 1995: 161 ( Cafius ; characters; notes; Sicily).

— Ciceroni and Zanetti, 1995: 27 ( Cafius ; Italy).

— Dauphin and Tamisier, 1997: 94 ( Cafius ; notes; France).

— Owen, 1997a: 149 ( Cafius ; collecting sites; Ireland).

— Assing and Wunderle, 2001: 36 ( Cafius ; Cyprus).

- DISTRIBUTION: Iceland, Europe, Azores, Canary Islands, Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya, Egypt, Turkey, Chile.

lateralis Stephens, 1833: 246 ( Cafius ; Type locality: Essex; Kent; Sussex ).

— Curtis, 1829: 26 ( Cafius ; nomen nudum; catalog; Britain).

— Holme, 1837: 63 ( Cafius ; notes; Scilly Islands).

— Stephens, 1839: 399 ( Cafius ; variety of xantholoma ; characters; England).

— Hardy, 1851: 28 ( Philonthus ; synonym of xantholoma ).

— G. Waterhouse, 1858: 25 ( Philonthus ; synonym of xantholoma ).

— Bernhauer and Schubert, 1914: 363 ( Cafius ; synonym of xantholoma ).

— Coiffait, 1974: 348 ( Cafius ; synonym of xantholoma ).

littoralis Stephens, 1833: 247 ( Cafius ; variety of lateralis ; Type locality: Not cited, presumably Britain).

tessellatus Stephens, 1833: 247 ( Cafius ; variety of lateralis ; Type locality: Not cited, presumably Britain).

variegatus Erichson, 1840: 453 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: Sicilia).

— Fauvel, 1869: 489 ( Philonthus ; synonym of xantholoma ).

— Fauvel, 1874: 198 [= 1874a: 424] ( Staphylinus ; synonym of xantholoma ).

— Ganglbauer, 1895: 463 ( Cafius ; variety of xantholoma ).

— Bernhauer and Schubert, 1914: 363 ( Cafius ; variety of xantholoma ).

— Donisthorpe, 1930: 96 ( Cafius ; aberration of xantholoma ; characters; Britain).

— Scheerpeltz, 1933: 1370 ( Cafius ; variety of xantholoma ).

— Coiffait, 1974: 348 ( Cafius ; variety of xantholoma ).

— Pope, 1977: 30 ( Cafius ; synonym of xantholoma ).

variolosus Sharp, 1871: 181 ( Philonthus ; form of xantholoma ; Type locality: England and Scotland).

— Fauvel, 1874: 198 [= 1874a: 424] ( Staphylinus ; synonym of xantholoma ).

— Ganglbauer, 1895: 463 ( Cafius ; variety of xantholoma ).

— Scheerpeltz, 1933: 1371 ( Cafius ; variety of xantholoma ).

— Coiffait, 1974: 348 ( Cafius ; variety of xantholoma ).

— Pope, 1977: 30 ( Cafius ; synonym of xantholoma ).

keysianus Donisthorpe, 1930: 97 ( Cafius ; aberration of xantholoma ; [Note: Nomen nudum (Articles 1.3.4, 45.5)]; cited from Plymouth district; Tregantle; Isle of Wight).

— Pope, 1977: 30 ( Cafius ; synonym of xantholoma ).

heroopoliticus C. Koch, 1936b: 169 ( Cafius ; subspecies of xantholoma ; Type locality: Sinai: Tor).

— Coiffait, 1974: 348 ( Cafius ; variety of xantholoma ).

zealandicus Cameron, 1947d: 705 ( Cafius ; Type locality: New Zealand: Auckland: Turgirangi, Waikanera Range ).

- DISTRIBUTION: New Zealand.

Chroaptomus

[3 species; Neotropical Region]

Chroaptomus Sharp, 1885: 437 (species included: flagrans , regalis ). TYPE SPECIES: Philonthus flagrans Erichson , fixed by subsequent designation by R. Lucas, 1920: 184.

— Bernhauer and Schubert, 1914: 366 (world catalog; 3 species).

— Scheerpeltz, 1933: 1376 (world catalog supplement).

— Blackwelder, 1952: 101 (type species).

— Hayashi, 2000: 23 (notes on empodial setae).

coelites Erichson, 1840 , see: flagrans Erichson, 1840 .

flagrans Erichson, 1840: 441 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: Mexico; Columbia ).

— Solsky, 1868a: 127 ( Philonthus ; Mexico).

— Sharp, 1885: 437 ( Chroaptomus ; characters; Mexico; Guatemala; Costa Rica; Panama; Colombia; Venezuela).

— Fauvel, 1891: 111 ( Philonthus ; Venezuela).

— Bernhauer and Schubert, 1914: 366 ( Chroaptomus ; catalog; Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia).

— Scheerpeltz, 1933: 1376 ( Chroaptomus ; catalog; Argentina; Brazil).

— Marcuzzi, 1977: 12 ( Chroaptomus ; Venezuela).

— Jimenez-Sanchez, Navarrete-Heredia, and Padilla-Ramirez, 2000: 61 ( Chroaptomus ; necrophilous species; distribution in Mexico).

- DISTRIBUTION: Mexico, Guatemala, Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia, Venezuela, Brazil, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Argentina.

coelites Erichson, 1840: 440 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: Brasilia).

— Bernhauer and Schubert, 1914: 332 ( Philonthus ; catalog).

— Scheerpeltz, 1933: 1376 ( Chroaptomus ; variety of coelites ).

regalis Sharp, 1885: 438 ( Chroaptomus ; Type locality: Panama, Bugaba 800 to 1500 feet, Volcan de Chiriqui 4000 to 6000 feet, Caldera 1200 feet).

— Bernhauer and Schubert, 1914: 366 ( Chroaptomus ; catalog).

- DISTRIBUTION: Panama.

richteri Bernhauer, 1912d: 44 ( Philonthus ; subgenus Chroaptomus ; Type locality: Argentinien: Prov. Tucuman).

— Bernhauer and Schubert, 1914: 366 ( Chroaptomus ; catalog).

- DISTRIBUTION: Argentina.

Craspedomerus

[13 species; Palaearctic and Oriental Regions]

Craspedomerus Bernhauer, 1911: 88 (species included: glenoides ). TYPE SPECIES: Philonthus glenoides Schubert , fixed by monotypy.

— Bernhauer and Schubert, 1914: 400 (world catalog; 1 species).

— Winkler, 1925: 387 (catalog for Palaearctic region).

— Cameron, 1925: 71 (catalog of Indian species).

— Cameron, 1932: 248 (characters; key to species of British India).

— Scheerpeltz, 1933: 1410 (world catalog supplement).

— Blackwelder, 1952: 110 (type species: glenoides ).

— Moore, 1960: 100 (characters in key).

— Scheerpeltz, 1976a: 148 (key to species of Himalayan region).

— Hayashi, 2000: 23 (notes on empodial setae).

beckeri Bernhauer, 1934: 11 ( Craspedomerus ; Type locality: West-China: Prov. Szechuan, Kinfushan).

— Scheerpeltz, 1976a: 150 ( Craspedomerus ; characters).

- DISTRIBUTION: China.

bernhaueri Cameron, 1926b: 364 ( Craspedomerus ; Type locality: Chakrata district ).

— Cameron, 1932: 249 ( Craspedomerus ; characters; India).

— Scheerpeltz, 1933: 1410 ( Craspedomerus ; catalog).

— Scheerpeltz, 1976: 43 ( Craspedomerus ; Nepal).

— Scheerpeltz, 1976a: 150 ( Craspedomerus ; characters).

— Coiffait, 1982: 32 ( Craspedomerus ; Nepal).

— Coiffait, 1982a: 233 ( Craspedomerus ; Nepal).

- DISTRIBUTION: India, Nepal.

birmanus Scheerpeltz, 1965: 257 ( Craspedomerus ; Type locality: N.E. Burma, Kambaiti , 7000 ft.).

— Scheerpeltz, 1976a: 149 ( Craspedomerus ; characters).

- DISTRIBUTION: Myanmar.

caeruleipennis Cameron, 1932 , see: Anisolinus .

cyanipennis Scheerpeltz, 1976a: 144 ( Craspedomerus ; Type locality: Nepal: Thodung ,

3100 m).

— Coiffait, 1982: 32 ( Craspedomerus ; Nepal).

— Coiffait, 1982a: 233 ( Craspedomerus ; Nepal).

- DISTRIBUTION: Nepal.

ganeshensis Coiffait, 1983d: 169 ( Craspedomerus ; Type locality: Nepal: Ganesh Himal ,

entre Salmi et Rupchet, 1800 à 3400 m).

- DISTRIBUTION: Nepal.

glenoides Schubert, 1908: 622 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: Kulu, Himalaya).

— Bernhauer, 1911: 88 ( Craspedomerus ).

— Bernhauer and Schubert, 1914: 400 ( Craspedomerus ; catalog).

— Cameron, 1932: 249 ( Craspedomerus ; characters; Himalayan region).

— Scheerpeltz, 1933: 1410 ( Craspedomerus ; catalog).

— Scheerpeltz, 1976a: 149 ( Craspedomerus ; characters).

- DISTRIBUTION: India.

malaisei Scheerpeltz, 1965: 259 ( Craspedomerus ; Type locality: N.E. Burma, Kambaiti ,

7000 ft.).

— Scheerpeltz, 1976a: 149 ( Craspedomerus ; characters).

- DISTRIBUTION: Myanmar.

montanus Coiffait, 1982: 76 ( Craspedomerus ; Type locality: Nepal: westl. Dhaulagiri,

zw. Pelma und Pass Jungla Banjyang, 2100–2700 m).

- DISTRIBUTION: Nepal.

nepalensis Scheerpeltz, 1976a: 146 ( Craspedomerus ; Type locality: Nepal: Salung-Phuleli , 2400–3000 m).

- DISTRIBUTION: Nepal.

nepalicus Coiffait, 1977: 246 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: Environs de Maharigaon , 3000– 3500 m, région de Jumla, Népal occidental).

— Schillhammer, 1992: 66 ( Craspedomerus ).

- DISTRIBUTION: Nepal.

sinetuber Coiffait, 1977b: 223 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: Bhutan: Dechhi Paka , 3300 m).

— Coiffait, 1979c: 319 ( Craspedomerus ).

— Schillhammer, 1992: 66 ( Craspedomerus ).

- DISTRIBUTION: Bhutan.

tricoloricornis Coiffait, 1977b: 222 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: Bhutan: Dechhi Paka ).

— Coiffait, 1979c: 319 ( Craspedomerus ).

— Schillhammer, 1992: 66 ( Craspedomerus ).

- DISTRIBUTION: Bhutan.

violaceipennis Cameron, 1928c: 566 ( Craspedomerus ; Type locality: Sikkim: Karponang, 10,000 feet; Phadam Chen, 9000 feet. Tibet: Chumbi Valley , 11,000 feet; Yatung , 10,000 feet).

— Cameron, 1932: 250 ( Craspedomerus ; characters; Sikkim; Tibet).

— Scheerpeltz, 1933: 1410 ( Craspedomerus ; catalog).

— Scheerpeltz, 1976a: 149 ( Craspedomerus ; characters).

— Coiffait, 1982: 32 ( Craspedomerus ; Nepal).

- DISTRIBUTION: India, Nepal, China.

Diplostictus

[1 species; Oceanic Region]

Diplostictus Fauvel, 1874c: 437 (species included: chenui ). TYPE SPECIES: Staphylinus chenui Perroud and Montrousier , fixed by monotypy.

— Fauvel, 1877: 262 (note).

— Duvivier, 1883: 149 (catalog).

— Bernhauer and Schubert, 1914: 322 (world catalog; 1 species).

— Scheerpeltz, 1933: 1326 (world catalog supplement).

— Blackwelder, 1952: 129 (type species: chenui ).

buergersi Bernhauer, 1915 , see: Pachypelmopus .

chenui Perroud and Montrousier, 1864: 86 ( Staphylinus ; Type locality: Nouvelle Calédonie: Kanala).

— Fauvel, 1869: 486 ( Philonthus ).

— Fauvel, 1874c: 437 ( Diplostictus ; characters; New Caledonia).

— Fauvel, 1877: 262 ( Diplostictus ).

— Fauvel, 1889b: 263 ( Diplostictus ; New Caledonia).

— Fauvel, 1903d: 270 ( Diplostictus ; New Caledonia).

— Bernhauer and Schubert, 1914: 322 ( Diplostictus ; catalog).

— Scheerpeltz, 1966e: 406 ( Diplostictus ; characters; New Caledonia).

— Legner and Moore, 1977: 176 ( Diplostictus ; found under bark).

- DISTRIBUTION: New Caledonia.

Dorcophilonthus

[1 species; Oriental Region]

Dorcophilonthus Hayashi, 2000: 15 (species included: clavicornis ). TYPE SPECIES: Dorcophilonthus clavicornis Hayashi , fixed by original designation and monotypy. clavicornis Hayashi, 2000: 22 ( Dorcophilonthus ; Type locality: NE India: Megalaya: Jowai env., 1400 m, 25 ° 30 ̍ N, 92 ° 10 ̍ E).

- DISTRIBUTION: India.

Ecitophytes

[1 species; Neotropical Region]

Ecitophytes Wasmann, 1923 : lxii (species included: coniceps ). TYPE SPECIES: Ecitophytes coniceps Wasmann , fixed by monotypy.

— Seevers, 1965: 326 (characters; member of Staphylinini ; myrmecophilus species; list of species).

coniceps Wasmann, 1923 : lxii ( Ecitophytes ; Type locality: Minas Geraës).

- DISTRIBUTION: Brazil.

Endeius

[8 species; Neotropical Region]

Endeius Coiffait and Saiz, 1968: 355 (species included: nitidipennis , loensis , punctipennis , subpunctipennis ). TYPE SPECIES: Endeius loensis Coiffait and Saiz , fixed by original designation.

— Saiz, 1971b: 342 (characters; notes; key to species).

franzi Saiz, 1971b: 345 ( Endeius ; Type locality: Chile: El Arrayán, Santiago).

- DISTRIBUTION: Chile.

loensis Coiffait and Saiz, 1968: 357 ( Endeius ; Type locality: Chili: Guatin , Antofagasta).

— Saiz, 1971b: 344 ( Endeius ; characters; Chile).

- DISTRIBUTION: Chile.

lugubris Saiz, 1971b: 347 ( Endeius ; Type locality: Chile: Río Los Molles , Coquimbo).

- DISTRIBUTION: Chile.

multipunctatus Coiffait, 1981 g: 297 ( Endeius ; Type locality: Ile Galapagos: Ile Santa Cruz, versant sud-est, basse altitude).

- DISTRIBUTION: Galapagos Islands.

nitidipennis Solier, 1849: 316 ( Staphylinus ; Type locality: Chile).

— Kraatz, 1859a: 4 ( Philonthus ; notes).

— Fairmaire and Germain, 1861: 432 ( Philonthus ; characters; Chile).

— Fauvel, 1866a: 344 [= 1866b: 95] ( Philonthus ; characters; Chile).

— Bernhauer and Schubert, 1914: 348 ( Philonthus ; catalog).

— Bernhauer, 1921a: 42 ( Philonthus ; Juan Fernandez Islands).

— Scheerpeltz, 1933: 1353 ( Philonthus ; catalog; Argentina).

— Coiffait and Saiz, 1968: 359 ( Endeius ; characters; Chile).

— Saiz, 1969a: 9 ( Endeius ; notes).

— Saiz, 1971b: 343, 345 ( Endeius ; characters; Chile).

- DISTRIBUTION: Argentina, Chile, Juan Fernandez.

ovaliceps Coiffait, 1981 g: 296 ( Endeius ; Type locality: Ile Galapagos: Ile San Cristobal, région de Progreso).

- DISTRIBUTION: Galapagos Islands.

punctipennis Solier, 1849: 319 ( Staphylinus ; [preoccupied]; Type locality: Quillota; [Note: See lectotype designation by Coiffait and Saiz , 1968]. Originally cited from Chile: Santa Rosa).

— Kraatz, 1859a: 5 ( Philonthus ; notes).

— Fairmaire and Germain, 1861: 432 ( Philonthus ; characters; Chile).

— Fauvel, 1864a: 125 ( Philonthus ; notes; Chile).

— Fauvel, 1866a: 345 [= 1866b: 96] ( Philonthus ; characters; Chile).

— Bernhauer and Schubert, 1914: 352 ( Philonthus ; catalog).

— Scheerpeltz, 1933: 1357 ( Philonthus ; catalog).

— Coiffait and Saiz, 1968: 358 ( Endeius ; lectotype designation: Quillota ; characters; Chile) .

— Saiz, 1969a: 9 ( Endeius ; notes).

— Saiz, 1971b: 344 ( Endeius ; characters; Chile; Argentina).

— Scheerpeltz, 1972: 20 ( Philonthus ; Argentina).

— Saiz, Solervicens, and Ojeda, 1989: 52 ( Endeius ; collecting notes; habitus; Chile; Argentina). — Herman, 2001: 43 ( Endeius ; although a junior primary homonym, prevailing use as valid maintained pending outcome of application to Commission under Article 23.9.5).

- DISTRIBUTION: Chile, Argentina.

subpunctipennis Coiffait and Saiz, 1968: 358 ( Endeius ; Type locality: Chili).

— Saiz, 1971b: 344, 345 ( Endeius ; characters; Chile).

- DISTRIBUTION: Chile.

Erichsonius

[155 species; Nearctic, Palaearctic, Ethiopian, Madagascan,

Oriental, and Australian Regions]

Erichsonius Schubert, 1911 , see: Pancarpius .

Erichsonius Fauvel, 1874: 201 [= 1874a: 427] (species included: agnatus , filiformis , gratus , humilis , ludicrus , paederoides , praelongus , pumilus , sobrinus , terminalis , umbripennis , cinerascens , rivularis , signaticornis , villosulus , semipunctatus , procerulus , prolixus , orbus ). TYPE SPECIES: Staphylinus cinerascens Gravenhorst , fixed by subsequent designation by Lucas, 1920: 73, who designated the type species for the objective synonym Actobius .

— Thomson, 1858: 29 (cited as Rembus ; [Note: Misidentification of Erichsonius ]; characters; species included: cinerascens ).

— Thomson, 1859: 25 (cited as Remus ; [Note: Thomson’s use of Remus is a misidentification. Tottenham, 1949: 371 cited it with a type species and as a synonym of Erichsonius as though

it were an available name]; type species).

— Thomson, 1860: 167 (cited as Remus ; [Note: Thomson’s use of Remus is a Misidentification. Tottenham, 1949: 371 cited it with a type species and as a synonym of Erichsonius as though

it were an available name]; characters).

— Fauvel, 1875a: XXIX [= 1875b: 231] (synonym of Actobius ).

— Fauvel, 1876a: 72 [= 1876: 257] (synonym of Actobius ).

— Duvivier, 1883: 151 (catalog).

— Bernhauer and Schubert, 1914: 325 (synonym of Actobius ).

— Cameron, 1932: 59 (synonym of Actobius ).

— Blackwelder, 1943: 440 (characters; type species: cinerascens ; key to species of West Indies).

— Blackwelder, 1944: 131 (checklist of species from Mexico, Central and South America, and

the West Indies).

— Kloet and Hincks, 1945: 165 (list of British species; type species: cinerascens ).

— Tottenham, 1949: 371, 417 (type species: cinerascens Gravenhorst ; notes; checklist of British species).

— Blackwelder, 1952: 151 (type species).

— Tottenham, 1956: 260 (characters; notes; key to African species).

— Smetana, 1958: 140 (characters; habitus of one species; type species: cinerascens ; key to Czechoslovakian species).

— Smetana, 1959a: 209 (list of species collected in Albania).

— Coiffait, 1963: 7, 9 (characters; key to subgenera).

— Székessy, 1963: 53 (characters).

— Lohse, 1964: 172 (characters; key to central European species).

— Moore, 1965: 98, 100 (characters; notes).

— Coiffait, 1965c: 843 (characters; key to some species).

— Scheerpeltz, 1968a: 65 (catalog of Austrian species).

— Shibata, 1973c: 57 (checklist of species of Taiwan).

— Tikhomirova, 1973a: 182 (checklist of species of USSR).

— Coiffait, 1974: 6 (characters; key to species of western Palaearctic region).

— Frank, 1975 (characters; revision of and key to New World species).

— Moore and Legner, 1975: 12 (catalog; North America north of Mexico).

— Pope, 1977: 29 (list of British species).

— Topp, 1978: 312 (larval characters).

— Moore and Legner, 1979: 18 (characters; notes).

— Muona, 1979: 14 (list of Scandinavian species).

— Uhlig, 1979: 252 (some species collected in Germany).

— M. Dvořák, 1979: 115 (some species collected in Slovakia).

— Uhlig, Vogel, and Sieber, 1980: 246 (some species collected in Germany).

— Burakowski, Mroczkowski, and Stefańska, 1980: 31 (catalog; Poland).

— Uhlig and Vogler, 1981: 110 (list of some species collected in Germany; habitat and collecting notes).

— Frank, 1981b: 100 (discussion of characters and phylogenetic relationships; partial subgeneric classification).

— Shibata, 1983: 89 (checklist of species of Japan).

— Hammond, 1984: 205 (checklist of species of Borneo).

— Tóth, 1984: 37 (characters; habitus; key to species of Hungary).

— Frank, 1986a: 370 (checklist of species of Florida).

— Muona and Viramo, 1986: 13 (list of species of northeastern Finland).

— Segers, 1986: 42 (checklist of species; Belgium).

— Drugmand 1987b (comments on distribution of Belgian species).

— Lohse and Lucht, 1989: 160 (supplement to key to species of Lohse, 1964).

— Masch and Uhlig, 1990: 232 (revision and key to Ethiopian region species of the robustus group).

— Uhlig and Sterrenburg, 1990: 167 (key to species of Benelux countries).

— Uhlig, 1991b (summary of research on genus; estimate of number of species).

— Campbell and Davies, 1991: 117 (checklist of species; Alaska and Canada).

— Uhlig and Watanabe, 1992 (redescription; revision of and key to Japanese species; Zoogeography).

— Silfverberg, 1992: 16 (list of species of Fennoscandia, Denmark, and the Baltic States).

— Masch, 1993 (phylogeny of of the Ethiopian robustus group).

— Smetana, 1995e: 50 (characters).

— Ciceroni and Zanetti, 1995: 27 (list of species of Italy).

— M. Hansen, 1996: 104 (list of Danish species).

— Schmidt, 1996: 211 (characters of egg, larvae, and pupa).

— Cho, 1996a: 162 (characters; species of Korea).

— Downie and Arnett, 1996: 372 (characters; key to species of Northeastern North America).

— Lundgren, 1998: 51 (list of species from Florida; records for other States listed for each species).

— Assing, Frisch, Kahlen, et al., 1998: 137 (note).

— Newton, Thayer, Ashe, and Chandler, 2000: 396 (19 Nearctic species; notes; characters in key).

— Hayashi, 2000: 23 (notes on empodial setae).

Actobius Fauvel, 1875a : XXIX [= 1875b: 231] (replacement name for Erichsonius Fauvel ; [Note: An unnecessary replacement name]). TYPE SPECIES: Staphylinus cinerascens Gravenhorst , fixed by subsequent designation by Lucas, 1920: 72.

— Horn, 1884: 225 (characters; key to North American species).

— Sharp, 1885: 457 (characters; Mexican and Central American species).

— Fowler, 1888: 283 (notes; key to British species).

— Heyden, Reitter, and Weise, 1891: 102 (list of species of Europe and Caucasus).

— Ganglbauer, 1895: 465 (characters).

— Fauvel, 1897d: 298 (catalog of species of Barbary; Canaries; Madeira; Azores).

— Heyden, Reitter, and Weise, 1906: 163 (list of species of Europe and Caucasus).

— Reitter, 1909: 116, 123 (characters; key to species).

— Blatchley, 1910: 391 (characters; key to Indiana species).

— Petri, 1912: 71 (list of species of Siebenbürgen).

— Bernhauer and Schubert, 1914: 324 (world catalog; 19 species).

— Johansen, 1914: 422 (characters).

— Leng, 1920: 106 (catalog of North American species).

— Cameron, 1921a: 354, 404 (characters; key to Singapore species; catalog).

— Winkler, 1925: 374 (catalog for Palaearctic region).

— Cameron, 1925: 54 (catalog of Indian species).

— Porta, 1926: 99 (characters; key to species of Italy).

— Portevin, 1929: 355 (characters; key to French species).

— Roubal, 1930: 367 (catalog; Slovakia).

— Cameron, 1932: 59 (characters; key to species of British India).

— Joy, 1932: 126 (key to British species).

— Scheerpeltz, 1933: 1328 (world catalog supplement).

— Normand, 1935: 370 (list of species of Tunisia).

— Tottenham, 1939d: 228 (type species designation; genus properly called Erichsonius ).

— Blackwelder, 1943: 440 (synonym of Erichsonius ; type species: cinerascens ).

— Bernhauer, 1944: 148 (key to Palaearctic species).

— Kloet and Hincks, 1945: 165 (synonym of Erichsonius ).

— Tottenham, 1949: 371 (synonym of Erichsonius ; type species: cinerascens Gravenhorst ).

— V. Hansen, 1952: 32 (characters; Danish species).

— Blackwelder, 1952: 37 (type species).

— Hatch, 1957: 173, 174 (characters; key to species of Pacific Northwest).

— Kocher, 1958: 143 (checklist of species; Morocco).

— Ferreira, 1962a: 16 (list of Portuguese species).

— Palm, 1963b: 59 (characters; species of Sweden).

— Lohse, 1964: 172 (synonym of Erichsonius ).

— Coiffait, 1974: 6 (synonym of Erichsonius ).

— Frank, 1975: 179 (synonym of Erichsonius ).

— Pope, 1977: 29 (synonym of Erichsonius ).

— Smetana, 1993b: 48 (synonym of Erichsonius ).

Sectophilonthus Tottenham, 1949b: 358 (subgenus of Philonthus ; species included: biparamerosus ). TYPE SPECIES: Philonthus (Sectophilonthus) biparamerosus Tottenham , fixed by monotypy.

— Blackwelder, 1952: 349 (type species: biparamerosus ).

— Coiffait, 1974: 7 (synonym of Erichsonius ).

— Abdullah, 1975 (discussion of aedeagal characters).

— Lohse and Lucht, 1989: 161 (subgenus of Erichsonius ; characters; key to species of central Europe).

Parerichsonius Coiffait, 1963: 9 (subgenus of Erichsonius ; species included: signaticornis ). TYPE SPECIES: Philonthus signaticornis Mulsant and Rey , fixed by original designation and monotypy.

— Coiffait, 1965c: 843, 845 (subgenus of Erichsonius ; characters; key to species).

— Coiffait, 1974: 7, 8, 10 (subgenus of Erichsonius ; characters; key to species of western Palaearctic region).

— Frank, 1981b: 103 (synonym of Erichsonius [ Sectophilonthus ]).

adustus Sharp, 1887 , see: Neobisnius .

aequiventris Tottenham, 1956: 265 ( Erichsonius ; [Note: Although Tottenham attributed this name to Cameron as a name to be published, Tottenham validated it in a key]; Type locality: Angola).

- DISTRIBUTION: Angola.

affinis Cameron, 1926b: 350 ( Actobius ; Type locality: Dehra Dun and Mussorie Districts ).

— Cameron, 1932: 61 ( Actobius ; characters; India).

— Scheerpeltz, 1933: 1328 ( Actobius ; catalog).

— Bernhauer, 1944: 148 ( Actobius ; characters in key).

— Coiffait, 1965c: 844 ( Erichsonius ; subgenus Erichsonius ; characters; Himalaya).

— Coiffait, 1974: 14 ( Erichsonius ; subgenus Erichsonius ; characters; Himalayan region).

— Frank, 1981b: 103 ( Erichsonius ; subgenus Sectophilonthus ).

- DISTRIBUTION: India.

afghanicus Tronquet, 1981: 77 ( Erichsonius ; Type locality: Afghanistan: Sairobi ).

- DISTRIBUTION: Afghanistan.

algericus Coiffait, 1965: 845 , 847 ( Erichsonius ; subgenus Parerichsonius ; Type locality: Algérie: Mouzaïa près de Médéa).

— Coiffait, 1974: 16 ( Erichsonius ; subgenus Parerichsonius ; characters; Algeria; Morocco; Iberian Peninsula?).

— Frank, 1981b: 103 ( Erichsonius ; subgenus Sectophilonthus ).

- DISTRIBUTION: Algeria, Morocco, “Iberian Peninsula”?.

allardi Levasseur, 1969: 883 ( Erichsonius ; Type locality: région de Kolwezi, Zilo, Katanga). - DISTRIBUTION: Congo.

alternans Sharp, 1885 , see: Neobisnius .

altissimus Bernhauer, 1934 g: 235 ( Actobius ; Type locality: Ruwenzori, 4200 m).

— Tottenham, 1956: 265 ( Erichsonius ; characters).

- DISTRIBUTION: Congo-Uganda.

alumnus Frank, 1975: 196 ( Erichsonius ; Type locality: Massachusetts: Middlesex Co.: Natick. Also cited from Quebec, Ontario, Massachusetts, New York, New Jersey, Maryland, District of Columbia, Virginia, North Carolina and Georgia).

— Frank, 1981b: 99, 103 ( Erichsonius ; subgenus Erichsonius ; South Dakota; Wisconsin; Georgia; Florida).

— Schmidt, 1996: 206, 213 ( Erichsonius ; characters of egg, larvae, and pupa; natural history; Nebraska).

— Downie and Arnett, 1996: 374 ( Erichsonius ; characters; USA).

— Schmidt, 1999: 108 ( Erichsonius ; food for adults and larvae used for rearing species; rearing methods).

- DISTRIBUTION: Canada, USA.

ampliceps Tottenham, 1962: 148 ( Erichsonius ; Type locality: Tanganyika Terr.: Ngorongoro, région bocagère, 2300 m. Also cited from Kenya).

- DISTRIBUTION: Tanzania, Kenya.

bicolor Tottenham, 1962: 149 ( Erichsonius ; variety of ampliceps ; [Note: Nomen nudum (Article 15.2)]; cited from Tanganyika Terr.: Mt. Oldeani, versant Est, 2350–2500 m). andringitranus Jarrige, 1978: 283 ( Erichsonius ; subgenus Parerichsonius ; Type locality: Andringitra Est, Anjavidilava, 1850–1950 m).

- DISTRIBUTION: Madagascar.

antiquus Frank, 1981b: 97 ( Erichsonius ; Type locality: Arizona: Cochise Co.: Chiricahua Mts., Rucker Canyon ).

— Frank, 1981b: 103 ( Erichsonius ; subgenus Sectophilonthus ).

- DISTRIBUTION: USA.

arduus Sharp, 1885 , see: Neobisnius .

armeniacus Coiffait, 1965: 844 , 846 ( Erichsonius ; subgenus Erichsonius ; Type locality: Kafan, R.S.S. d’Arménie).

— Coiffait, 1974: 15 ( Erichsonius ; subgenus Erichsonius ; characters; Armenia).

— Frank, 1981b: 103 ( Erichsonius ; subgenus Sectophilonthus ).

- DISTRIBUTION: Armenia.

capensis Cameron, 1945c: 714 ( Actobius ; Type locality: South Africa: Simon’s Town ).

— Tottenham, 1956: 264 ( Erichsonius ; characters in key).

— Uhlig, 1997: 275 ( Erichsonius ; subgenus Sectophilonthus ; characters; South Africa).

- DISTRIBUTION: South Africa.

capribarbatus Masch and Uhlig, 1990: 257 ( Erichsonius ; subgenus Sectophilonthus ; Type locality: Malawi: Viphya-Mts., Chamambo Forest).

— Masch, 1993: 187, 206 ( Erichsonius ; subgenus Sectophilonthus ; phylogeny of robustus species group).

- DISTRIBUTION: Malawi.

castaneipennis Kraatz, 1859 , see: basalis Motschulsky, 1858 .

chinensis Bernhauer, 1939 k: 592 ( Actobius ; Type locality: N. W. China: Tienmuschan ).

— Bernhauer, 1944: 148 ( Actobius ; characters in key).

- DISTRIBUTION: China.

cinerascens Gravenhorst, 1802: 49 ( Staphylinus ; Type locality: Not cited, but presumably Brunsvigae ).

— Latreille, 1804: 334 ( Staphylinus ; characters; Germany).

— Gravenhorst, 1806: 117 ( Staphylinus ; characters; Germany).

— Gyllenhal, 1810: 361 ( Staphylinus ; characters; Sweden).

— Gyllenhal, 1827: 482 ( Staphylinus ; note).

— Curtis, 1829: 26 ( Gabrius ; catalog; Britain).

— C. Sahlberg, 1830: 336 ( Staphylinus ; characters; Finland).

— Mannerheim, 1830: 31 ( Staphylinus ; Russia; Sweden).

— Mannerheim, 1831: 445 ( Staphylinus ; Russia; Sweden).

— Nordmann, 1837: 108 ( Philonthus ; Germany; Sweden).

— Erichson, 1839a: 478 ( Philonthus ; characters; Germany).

— Heer, 1839: 272 ( Philonthus ; characters; Switzerland).

— Erichson, 1840: 509 ( Philonthus ; characters; Europe).

— Laporte, 1840: 179 ( Staphylinus ; cited as cineraceus; characters; Germany).

— Jacobsen, 1849: 705 ( Philonthus ; characters; Denmark).

— Kiesenwetter, 1849: 20 ( Philonthus ; characters; Europe).

— Redtenbacher, 1849: 707 ( Philonthus ; characters; Austria).

— Fairmaire and Laboulbène, 1856: 531 ( Philonthus ; characters; France).

— Kraatz, 1857d: 622 ( Philonthus ; characters; Germany).

— Redtenbacher, 1857: 197 ( Philonthus ; characters; Austria).

— Thomson, 1858: 29 ( Remus , cited as Rembus ; type species).

— Thomson, 1859: 25 (type species of Remus ).

— Thomson, 1860: 167 ( Remus ; characters; Scandinavia).

— Fauvel, 1874: 202 [= 1874a: 428] ( Erichsonius ; characters; France; North America [Note: According to Frank, 1975: 201 this North American record of cinerascens may be a misidentification of nanus ]).

— Redtenbacher, 1874: 215 ( Philonthus ; characters; Austria).

— Seidlitz, 1875: 279 ( Philonthus ; characters; Baltic region).

— Mulsant and Rey, 1876: 603 [= 1877: 459] ( Remus ; characters; France).

— J. Sahlberg, 1876: 22 ( Remus ; Finland).

— Horn, 1884: 225 ( Actobius ; characters; Michigan to Florida [Note: According to Frank, 1975: 201 this North American record of cinerascens may be a misidentification of nanus ]).

— Fowler, 1888: 284 ( Actobius ; characters; Britain).

— Ganglbauer, 1895: 465 ( Actobius ; characters; Europe; North America [Note: According to Frank, 1975: 201 this North American record of cinerascens may be a misidentification of nanus ]).

— Sainte-Claire Deville, 1906: 94 ( Actobius ; Corsica).

— Reitter, 1909: 123 ( Actobius ; characters; Germany).

— Blatchley, 1910: 392 ( Actobius ; characters; Indiana [Note: According to Frank, 1975: 201 this North American record of cinerascens may be a misidentification of nanus ]).

— Bernhauer and Schubert, 1914: 325 ( Actobius ; catalog).

— Johansen, 1914: 423 ( Bisnius ; characters; Denmark).

— Notman, 1919: 136 ( Actobius ; New York [Note: According to Frank, 1975: 201 this North American record of cinerascens may be a misidentification of nanus ]). — Notman, 1920b: 705 ( Actobius ; Florida [Note: According to Frank, 1975: 201 this North American record of cinerascens may be a misidentification of nanus ]). — Portevin, 1929: 355 ( Actobius ; characters; France). — Scheerpeltz, 1933: 1328 ( Actobius ; catalog). — Peyerimhoff, 1937: 264 ( Actobius ; Morocco). — Bernhauer, 1944: 148 ( Actobius ; characters in key). — V. Hansen, 1952: 32 ( Actobius ; characters; Denmark). — Hatch, 1957: 174 ( Actobius ; characters; British Columbia; Washington [Note: According to Frank, 1975: 201 this North American record of cinerascens may be a misidentification of nanus ]). — Smetana, 1958: 141 ( Erichsonius ; characters; ecology; Czechoslovakia). — Palm, 1963b: 59 ( Actobius ; characters; Sweden; Denmark; Norway; Finland). — Lohse, 1964: 173 ( Erichsonius ; characters; central Europe). — Smetana, 1964d: 73 ( Erichsonius ; Czechoslovakia). — Focarile, 1964: 66–68 ( Actobius ; characters; notes; Italy). — Coiffait, 1965c: 844 ( Erichsonius ; subgenus Erichsonius ; characters; Europe, Scandinavia; Caucasus; Transcaucasus). — Horion, 1965: 118 ( Erichsonius ; widespread in Europe from high north to central Europe to southern Europe in Spain, Corsica, Italy, Dalmatia, Bosnia Hercegovina and Ukraine). — Szujecki, 1968a: 727 ( Neobisnius ; Poland). — Coiffait, 1974: 12 ( Erichsonius ; subgenus Erichsonius ; characters; France; central Europe; Corsica). — Pope, 1977: 29 ( Erichsonius ; Britain). — Hinton, 1981: 659 ( Erichsonius ; characters of egg). — Frank, 1981b: 103 ( Erichsonius ; subgenus Erichsonius ). — Frank, 1982: 35 ( Erichsonius ; list of parasites). — Tóth, 1984: 39 ( Erichsonius ; characters; Hungary). — Ádám, 1987: 149 ( Erichsonius ; collecting notes; Hungary). — Lucht, 1987: 104 ( Erichsonius ; checklist; Germany; Poland; Czechoslovakia; Austria; Switzerland; France; Benelux; Denmark; Sweden). — Lohse and Lucht, 1989: 162 ( Erichsonius ; subgenus Erichsonius ; characters). — Uhlig and Sterrenburg, 1990: 168, 171 ( Erichsonius ; characters; Netherlands). — Pilon and Zanetti, 1991: 55 ( Erichsonius ; Italy). — Smetana, 1993b: 48 ( Erichsonius ; Czech Republic; Slovakia). — Ciceroni and Zanetti, 1995: 27 ( Erichsonius ; Italy). — Bordoni, 1995: 88 ( Erichsonius ; ecological notes; Italy). — Owen, 1997a: 149 ( Erichsonius ; collecting sites; Ireland). - DISTRIBUTION: Morocco, Europe, Russia, Armenia.

melanocephalus Hochhuth, 1851: 25 ( Philonthus ; [preoccupied]; Type locality: Armenien). — Fauvel, 1875a: XXIX [= 1875b: 231] ( Actobius ). — Bernhauer and Schubert, 1914: 325 ( Actobius ; synonym of nigriceps ). — Bernhauer, 1944: 148 ( Actobius ; characters in key). — Coiffait, 1965c: 844 ( Erichsonius ; synonym of cinerascens ). — Coiffait, 1974: 12 ( Erichsonius ; synonym of cinerascens ).

nigriceps Gemminger and Harold, 1868: 590 ( Philonthus ; replacement name for melanocephalus Hochhuth ). — Fauvel, 1875a: XXIX [= 1875b: 231] ( Actobius ). — Bernhauer and Schubert, 1914: 325 ( Actobius ; catalog).

robustus W. Kolbe, 1918: 205 ( Actobius ; variety of cinerascens ; [Note: Gabriel cited as author]; [preoccupied]; Type locality: Not cited). — Scheerpeltz, 1933: 1328 ( Actobius ; synonym of kolbei ). — Smetana, 1958: 141 ( Erichsonius ; synonym of cinerascens ). — Strassen, 1964: 102 ( Actobius ; synonym of subopacus ). — Coiffait, 1974: 12 ( Erichsonius ; synonym of cinerascens ).