Sennius lebasi (Fåhraeus, 1839), Fahraeus, 1839

Viana, Jéssica Herzog & Ribeiro-Costa, Cibele Stramare, 2013, Review of the largest species group of the New World seed beetle genus Sennius Bridwell (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), with host plant associations, Zootaxa 3736 (5), pp. 501-535 : 516-518

Sennius lebasi (Fåhraeus, 1839)

( Figs 38–46 )

Bruchus lebasi Fåhraeus, 1839: 25 (description, distribution); Pic 1913: 30 (catalog).

Acanthoscelides lebasi: Blackwelder 1946: 760 (distribution).

Sennius lebasi: Kingsolver 1979: 342 ; Johnson & Kingsolver 1981: 419 (catalog, distribution); Udayagiri & Wadhi 1989:104 (catalog); Luna-Cozar et al. 2002: 26 (list); Turnbow et al. 2003: 276 (list); Kingsolver 2004: 200 (key, diagnosis, figures, host, distribution); Romero-Nápoles & Johnson 2004: 627 (list); Lorea-Barocio et al. 2006: 519 (distribution, host).

Bruchus rufescens Motschulsky, 1874: 222 (description, distribution); Kingsolver 1979: 342 (synonym).

Acanthoscelides rufescens: Blackwelder 1946: 761 (catalog).

Sennius rufescens: Johnson 1977: 118 (host).

Bruchus celatus Sharp, 1885: 499 (description, distribution); Pic 1913: 20 (catalog); Johnson 1977: 118 (synonym).

Acanthoscelides celatus: Blackwelder 1946: 759 (catalog).

Sennius celatus: Bottimer 1961: 294 (distribution, host); 1968: 1026, 1039 (distribution); Moldenke 1971: 108 (host); Johnson & Kingsolver 1973: 31 (description, key, figures, type designation, taxonomy, distribution, host).

Redescription. Dimension. BL: 1.5–2.8 mm; BW: 0.9–1.9 mm.

Integument color. Head black with red-orange post-ocular macula, labrum red-orange to black ( Fig. 40 ); antenna generally red-orange, sometimes antennomeres 6–11 brown ( Figs 39, 40 ). Pronotum red-orange to black, intermediate forms in pale tones with macules on sides of pronotum ( Fig. 39 ); elytra brown to black, in general black each with red-orange horizontal macula on submedian region extending from 1st or 4th interstices to outer margin, and another red-orange irregular macula on apical region ( Fig. 38 ). Pygidium red-orange to black ( Fig. 41 ). Ventral region of thorax and 1st abdominal ventrite black, remaining orange to red rarely entirely black, lateral and apical areas usually of lighter color ( Fig. 39 ). Legs generally red-orange, sometimes base of hind femur black; posterior tarsus brown to black ( Fig. 39 ).

Pubescence. Head with white setae on post-ocular lobe and small dense patch posterior to post-ocular lobe, remainder of head with moderately dense white setae ( Figs 39, 40 ). Pronotum generally with irregular white or golden and white patch of setae at base, mid and laterally. Elytra with sparse white setae or golden and white setae; dense white setae at base of 3rd and 5th interstices, on anterior region of 1st strial interval; and horizontal stripe from 2nd strial interval to outer margin of elytra at submedian region covering macula ( Fig. 38 ), also present in specimens with entirely black elytra. Pygidium generally with black horizontal strip medially, remainder moderately dense white setae ( Fig. 41 ). Ventral surface with moderately dense white or white and golden setae, denser at base of mesepimerum, posterior basal margin of metepisternum and distal region of hind coxa ( Fig. 39 ).

Head with frons convex, frontal carina slightly evident and ocular sinus deep, more than half length of eye ( Fig. 40 ). Antennomeres 1 and 3 filiform, 2 and 4 moniliform, 5 and 6 as long as wide, 7–10 slightly wider than long, 11 globular but pointed apically. Disk of pronotum slightly sulcate at basal lobe ( Fig. 39 ). Elytra with denticles at base of 3rd and 4th strial ( Fig. 42 ). Hind femur on ventral margin with slightly prominent tooth (0.02– 0.05 mm), microserrate ( Fig. 43 ); hind tibia with lateroventral carina extending half its length ( Fig. 44 ).

Male genitalia. Median lobe strongly sclerotized, about 4.7 times longer than wide medially, apex strongly expanded; ventral valve rounded, with round apex and lateral margins convex. Internal sac with hinge sclerites short, strongly curved and thin; apical region with group of spicules near ventral valve and long and dense group of long spicules continuing on subapical region; subapical region continuing with group of long spicules of apical region; submedian region with small denticles near group of long spicules of subapical and apical regions; laterobasal lobes of internal sac with few long spicules; basal region with dense and triangular group of long spicules and denticles not denser near gonopore ( Fig. 45 ). Tegmen with lateral lobes separated by emargination about 0.8 times their length ( Fig. 46 ).

Material examined. Type (2): Bruchus lebasi Fåhraeus, 1839 . Lectotype (here designated) deposited in NHRS, with labels: “ Paratypus ” (Red) “ B. lebasii . Dej [Dejean] \ Carthagena Colum. [ Columbia ] \ [unreadable] Dej. [Dejean]”(White) “ Lectotype \ Sennius lebasi (Fåhraeus, 1839) \ design. Viana & Ribeiro-Costa 2012”(Red). Paralectotype deposited in NHRS, with labels: “ Typus ” (Red) “ B. lebasii . Dej [Dejean] \ Carthagena Colum. [ Columbia ] \ [unreadable] Dej. [Dejean]”(White) “ Paralectotype \ Sennius lebasi (Fåhraeus, 1839) \ design. Viana & Ribeiro-Costa 2012”(Red). Note: We received, from the NHRS, two specimens with the same location and collector labels quoted in the original description and containing the printed labels " type " and " paratype ", one on each specimen. In the original description, however, Fåhraeus mentioned two specimens. He did not mention which one was the holotype. There was no mention to the lectotype or paralectotype in subsequent publications. Furthermore, the printed labels with the information " type " and " paratype " are posterior to the species’ description in 1939. Therefore, we designate here the best preserved specimen as the lectotype.

Non-type (177): USA: Texas: Donna: 24, V/1936, J. W. Monk (CNCI). MEX: Sonora: 8 mi NW Alamos: 10, 23 /XII/[19]76, C. D. Johnson (TAMU). Navajoa : 1, Rio Mayo, 16/VIII/1964, H. R. Burke & J. Apperson (TAMU). Sinaloa: Rosario: 1, 28 /VI/[19]56, R. & K. Dreisbach (CNCI). Wollamo: 1, 27 /VI/[19]56, R. & K. Dreisbach (CNCI). San Luis Potosí: 10 mi. E. Ciudad del Maiz: 1, 23 /VIII/[19]64, H. R. Burke & \ J. Apperson (TAMU). Xilitla: 4, 20 Mi. W., 22-VII-1954, J. G. Chillcott (CNCI). Nayarit: Rosamorda: 7, 12 mi. N., 12/VII /[19]68, C. D. Johnson (TAMU). Rosamorada: 7, 1 mi. S., 12/VII /[19]68, C. D. Johnson (TAMU). Veracruz: Paplanta: 1, 3 mi. E., 7/I /[19]65, Burke, Meyer & Schaffner (TAMU). Yucatán : Progresso: 7, 31 /XII/[19]78, C. D. Johnson (TAMU). Michoacán: Playa Azul: 8, 6 mi NE, 7/III /[19]79, C. D. Johnson (TAMU). Colima: Cuyution: 1, 3 mi E., 7/III /[19]73, C. D. Johnson (TAMU). Manzanillo: 12, 1 mi W., 7/III /[19]73, C. D. Johnson (TAMU); 16, 16 mi E., 2/I /[19]73, C. D. Johnson (TAMU). Guerrero: Petatlan: 7, 17 º33.75’N 101º20.27’W, 28/VIII /[19]92, K. R. Pullen (TAMU). Oaxaca: Pinotepa National: 12, 36km N., 7/I /[19]80, C. D. Johnson (10, TAMU; 2, FSCA). Salina Cruz : 1, 17 /VII/1947, B. Malkin (CNCI). Temascal: 10, 5 mi. E., 24/VI/1964, D. H. Janzen (USNM). Chiapas: Comitan: 1, 31 mi. SE., 18–19/VI /[19]65, H. R. Burke, J. H. Meyer & J. C. Schaffner (TAMU). HON: Atlántida: LaCeiba: 1, II/1949, E. C. Becker (CNCI). Francisco Morazan: Zamorano: 1, 4.2 km. S, 15/X/1993, R. Turnbow (FSCA). NCA: Granada: no locality : 1, 25 /VI/1963, L. J. Bottimer (CNCI); 1, 28 /VI/1963, same collector (CNCI); 2, 29 / VI/1963, same collector (CNCI); 1, 30 /VI/1963, same collector (CNCI); 2, 1 /VII/1963, same collector (CNCI). CRC: San José: San Jose: 1, 4 /VII/1963, same collector (CNCI). Puntarenas: Caraca: 2, Biol Reserve, 10/IV/ 2001, D. Riley (FSCA). PAN: Chiriqui: Puerto Armuelles: 1, 15 /I/1983, Linda Stephens & Bryce Edmonson (FSCA). Colon: Gatun: 13, 2 /III/1964, L. J. Bottimer (CNCI); 15, 3 /III/1964, same collector (CNCI). Canal Zone: 1, III/[19]20, H. L. Lyons (CNCI). COL: Valey: 1, no further data (NHRS). No locality : 1, no further data (NHRS). BRA: Mato Grosso: 1, Cárceres: 14/V/1952, M. Alvarenga (MNRJ).

Distribution. USA (Texas), MEX (Sonora, Sinaloa, San Luis Potosí, Nayarit, Veracruz, Yucatán , Colima, Oaxaca, Chiapas, Campeche, Guanajuato, Guerrero, Jalisco, Michoacán, Morelos, Puebla, Querétaro, Tabasco), BIZ, ESA, HON (Atlántida, Francisco Morazan, El Paraíso), NCA ( Granada), CRC (Guanacaste, San José, Puntarenas), PAN (Chiriqui, Colon, Canal Zone), TRI, VEN (Carabobo), COL (Cartagena), BRA (Mato Grosso), CHI.

Host Plant. FABACEAE : Caesalpinioideae : Senna hirsuta (Linn.) Irwin & Barneby, S. occidentalis, S. reticulata , S. cobanensis (Britton & Rose) Irwin & Barneby, S. pendula, S. obtusifolia , S. sophera (Linn.) Roxb., S. uniflora (Mill.) Irwin & Barneby, S. bicapsularis , S. galegifolia (Linn.) Barneby & Lourteig, S. hayesiana (Britton & Rose) Irwin & Barneby, S. septemtrionalis (Viv.) Irwin & Barneby, S. polyphylla (Jacq.) Irwin & Barneby, S. tora (Linn.) Roxb , Cassia laevigata Willd., C. leptocarpa Benth. Mimosoideae : Acacia farnesiana (Linn.) Willd. Faboideae : Sesbasnia herbacea (Mill.) McVaugh.

Diagnosis. Except for specimens with black elytra, this species is the only with a horizontal and red-orange macula on the submedian region. This macula extends to the outer margin of the elytra and, in general, occurs with another apical, irregular, red-orange macula, both in each elytron. Comparing the male genitalia, S. lebasi is more similar to species of subgroup 3, S. leucostauros , S. trinotaticollis and S. bondari . It differs mainly by the strongly curved and shorter hinge sclerites, in addition to the mass of spicules on the subapical region of the internal sac, which is more elongated and expanded, with the largest part being in the apical and subapical region.

Figures

FIGURES 38 – 46. Sennius lebasi. 38, dorsal view; 39, lateral view; 40, head, frontal view; 41, pygidium; 42, base of elytra strial; 43, part of hind leg, internal view; 44, hind tibia, external view; 45, 46 male genitalia: 45, median lobe with hinge sclerites, others sclerites magnified and latero-basal lobes of internal sac; 46, tegmen.