Bracon (Habrobracon) allevatus, Samartsev & Ku, 2020

Samartsev, Konstantin & Ku, Deok-Seo, 2020, New species of the genera Bracon Fabricius and Syntomernus Enderlein (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Braconinae) from South Korea, ZooKeys 999, pp. 1-47 : 1

Bracon (Habrobracon) allevatus sp. nov. Figs 69-78 , 79-85

Type material.

Holotype. South Korea - Jeollanam-do • female; Yeosu-si, [33] Nam-myeon, Ando Island, Ando-ri; 4 Aug. 1993; D.-S. Ku leg.; 629; NIBR.

Paratypes. 23 females, 14 males. South Korea - Gangwon-do • 2 females; Goseong-gun, [1] Hyeonnae-myeon, Baebong-ri; 26 May 1993; D.-S. Ku leg.; 632, 634; SMNE • 1 male; same data as for preceding; 633; SMNE • 1 male; Goseong-gun, [2] Hyeonnae-myeon, Machajin-ri; 25 May 1993; D.-S. Ku leg.; 661; SMNE • 1 male; Goseong-gun, [3] Ganseong-eup; 25 May 1993; D.-S. Ku leg.; 635; SMNE • 2 females; Goseong-gun, [4] Geojin-eup, Naengcheon-ri, Geonbongsa Temple; 25 May 1993; D.-S. Ku leg.; 637, 638; SMNE • 1 female; same data as for preceding; 639; ZISP • 1 male; same data as for preceding; 636; SMNE• 1 male; Cheorwon-gun, [7] Geunnam-myeon, Yukdan-ri; 13 Jun. 1992; D.-S. Ku leg.; 666; SMNE • 1 female; Inje-gun, [8] Buk-myeon, Yongdae-ri, Seoraksan Mountain, Baekdamsa Temple; 25 May 1993; D.-S. Ku leg.; 641; SMNE • 1 female; Hongcheon-gun, [9] Duchon-myeon, Jangnam-ri (Corn Experimantal Station); 3 Jun. 1996; June-Yeol Choi leg.; 653; SMNE • 1 male; Chuncheon-si, [10] Sinbuk-eup, Cheonjeon-ri, Cheonjeon 5-ri; 25 May 1993; D.-S. Ku leg.; 654; SMNE • 1 male; Taebaek-si, [12] Cheoram-dong; 22 Jun. 1991; D.-S. Ku leg.; 645; SMNE • 1 female; Taebaek-si, [13] Cheoram-dong, Taebaeksan Mountain; 13 May 1993; D.-S. Ku leg.; 658; SMNE. - Gyeonggi-do • 1 female; Gapyeong-gun, [14] Cheongpyeong-myeon, Cheongpyeong-ri, Cheongpyeong Amusement Park; 14 Jun. 1992; D.-S. Ku leg.; 652; SMNE • 2 females; Bonghwa-gun, [18] Myeongho-myeon, Gwanchang-ri; 28 May 1993; D.-S. Ku leg.; 648, 650; SMNE • 2 males; same data as for preceding; 649, 651; SMNE • 1 female; Mungyeong-si, [19] Buljeong-dong; 9 Jun. 1992; D.-S. Ku leg.; 631; SMNE. - Chung- cheongbuk-do • 1 female; Danyang-gun, [20] Danyang-eup, Dodam-ri; 13 May 1991; D.-S. Ku leg.; 657; SMNE. - Chungcheongnam-do • 1 female; Geumsan-gun, [21] Chubu-myeon, Seongdang-ri, Gaedeoksa Temple; 22 May 1993; D.-S. Ku leg.; 640; SMNE • 2 males; same data as for preceding; 642, 643; SMNE • 1 male; same data as for preceding; 644; ZISP • 1 female; Yesan-gun, [22] Deoksan-myeon, Sudeoksa Temple; 11 Aug. 1991; D.-S. Ku leg.; 630; SMNE • 1 male; Cheongyang-gun, [23] Jeongsan-myeon, Machi-ri; 15 Jun. 1992; D.-S. Ku leg.; 665; SMNE. - Gyeongsangbuk-do • 1 female; Gyeongsan-si, [25] Yeongnam University; 19 Apr. 1991; J.-W. Lee leg.; 663; SMNE. - Gyeongsangnam-do • 1 female; Changwon-si, [27] Uichang-gu, Sogye-dong, Cheonjusan Mountain; 18 Jun. 1992; D.-S. Ku leg.; 659; SMNE • 1 male; Jinju-si, [28] Gajwa-dong; 18 May 1993; D.-S. Ku leg.; 660; SMNE • 1 female; Goseong-gun, [29] Sangni-myeon, Bupo-ri; 3 May 1993; D.-S. Ku leg.; 664; SMNE. - Jeollanam-do • 1 female; Gurye-gun, [31] Sandong-myeon, Jwasa-ri, Jirisan Mountain (Simwon); 5 May 1993; D.-S. Ku leg.; 662; SMNE • 2 females; Yeosu-si, [32] Nam-myeon, Dumo-ri, Town Moha; 20 Jul. 1993; D.-S. Ku leg.; 646, 647; SMNE • 1 female; Yeosu-si, [34] Nam-myeon, Yeondo Island, Yeondo-ri; 21 Jul. 1993; D.-S. Ku leg.; 656; SMNE • 1 female; same data as for preceding; 655; ZISP.

Etymology.

The Latin adjective allevatus (smoothed off) refers to the strongly reduced sculpture of the body discriminating the new species from B. variegator Spinola.

Description.

Female. Body length 2.4-3.1 mm; fore wing length 2.4-3.1 mm.

Head. Width of head (dorsal view) 1.9-2.0 × its median length. Transverse diameter of eye (dorsal view) 1.6-2.0 × longer than temple. Eyes with dense, short setae. OOL 2.3-2.8 × Od; POL 1.4-1.9 × Od; OOL 1.4-1.8 × POL. Frons with deep mid-longitudinal groove. Longitudinal diameter of eye in lateral view 1.5-1.6 × larger than its transverse diameter. Transverse diameter of eye (lateral view) 1.7-2.0 × longer than minimum width of temple, hind margins of eye and temple broadened downwards or more or less parallel. Face width 1.6-1.8 × combined height of face and clypeus; 2.4-2.9 × larger than width of hypoclypeal depression. Longitudinal diameter of eye 2.2-2.5 (but 3.4 × in the smallest measured female) × longer than malar space (front view); malar space 0.8-0.9 × base of mandible; malar suture absent. Width of hypoclypeal depression 0.95-1.25 × as large as distance from depression to eye. Clypeus not separated from face by dorsal carina, clypeal sulcus absent, dorsal clypeal margin sharp. Clypeus prominent, with protruding ventral rim, height of clypeus 0.30-0.45 × width of hypoclypeal depression. Maxillary palp as long as eye height.

Antenna 0.86-0.91 × as long as fore wing, with 24-29 antennomeres. First flagellomere 1.6-2.0 × longer than its apical width, 0.95-1.15 × as long as second flagellomere. Middle and penultimate flagellomeres 1.3-1.9 × and 1.6-2.0 × longer than wide, respectively. Apical flagellomere spiculate.

Mesosoma 1.4-1.6 × longer than its maximum height. Transverse pronotal sulcus smooth, deep anteriorly and posteriorly, shallow medially. Notauli impressed, not united posteriorly, smooth. Mesoscutum widely setose on notauli and anterolaterally, widely smooth medially and latero-posteriorly. Scutellar sulcus crenulate. Mesepimeral sulcus smooth. Mesopleural pit deep, separated from mesepimeral sulcus. Median area of metanotum with incomplete median carina. Metapleural sulcus smooth or weakly crenulate. Propodeum with simple mid-longitudinal keel in apical third.

Wings. Fore wing 0.95-1.10 × as long as body. Pterostigma 2.4-3.6 × longer than wide. Vein r arising from basal 0.4-0.5 of pterostigma length. Vein 1-R1 1.3-1.4 × longer than pterostigma. Marginal cell 3.5-7.0 × longer than distance from its apex to apex of wing. Vein 3-SR 1.6-2.1 × longer than vein r, 0.50-0.65 × as long as vein SR1, 1.1-1.4 × longer than vein 2-SR. Vein 1-M 0.75-0.90 × vein 1-SR+M, 1.7-2.3 × vein m-cu. 2.5-3.0 × longer than vein cu-a. Vein 2-SR+M 0.35-0.55 × as long as vein 2-SR, 0.65-0.85 × as long as vein m-cu. Vein 1-CU1 (posterior margin of discal cell) 2.6-3.2 × longer than vein cu-a. Vein cu-a interstitial. Vein 2-1A of hind wing absent; vein r-m antefurcal.

Legs. Fore tibia with thick setae subapically. Hind femur 3.4-4.0 × longer than wide. Hind tibia ca. 1.5 × longer than hind femur, without subapical row of thick setae, its inner spur 0.40-0.45 × as long as hind basitarsus. Hind tarsus 0.87-0.99 × as long as hind tibia. Fifth segment (without pretarsus) of hind tarsus 0.40-0.45 × as long as hind basitarsus and 0.75-0.85 × as long as second segment. Claws with small rectangular basal lobe.

Metasoma 1.2-1.3 × longer than mesosoma. Median length of first tergite (measured from petiolar tubercle) 0.90-1.15 × as large as its apical width. Dorsal and dorsolateral carinae of first metasomal tergite absent. Median area of first tergite separated by smooth or weakly crenulate furrow, 0.6-0.7 × apical width of tergite. Second tergite medially 1.0-1.2 × as long as third tergite and 0.9-1.0 × as large as apical width of first tergite, without dorsolateral impressions. Basal width of second metasomal tergite 1.3-1.8 × larger than its median length. Suture between second and third tergites deep, curved and smooth or weakly crenulate. Apical margins of third to sixth tergites thick, without transverse subapical grooves. Ovipositor sheath 0.55-0.65 × as long as hind tibia and 0.17-0.20 × as long as fore wing. Apex of ovipositor with (sometimes weak) nodus and weak or indistinct ventral serration.

Sculpture. Face granulate, frons weakly granulate, gena hardly coriaceous to smooth. Vertex, most of mesosoma and coxae smooth. Propodeum smooth, sometimes with short rugae apically. Metasoma entirely smooth or with weak granulate sculpture at most on second tergite.

Colour. Body mainly brownish black, metasomal tergites sometimes brown, ventral side of metasoma pale yellow. Head with yellowish brown patches along eyes on vertex and in lower part of gena, mandible and maxillary palps yellowish brown. Apices of femora and bases of tibiae of all legs (half of hind tibia) brownish yellow. Apical margins of metasomal tergites 3-7 light-coloured. Tegulae dark brown. Wing membrane brownish darkened, lighter apically; pterostigma brown or yellowish brown, with small pale yellow patch basally, wing veins yellowish brown.

Male. Body length 2.0-2.4 mm; fore wing length 2.1-2.5 mm. OOL 1.1-1.3 × POL. Mid-longitudinal keel developed on apical half of propodeum. Median length of first tergite (measured from petiolar tubercle) 1.2-1.3 × larger than its apical width. Face sometimes smooth medially on narrow area. Maxillary palps brown or brownish yellow. Otherwise similar to female.

Diagnosis.

Bracon allevatus sp. nov. is most similar to B. variegator Spinola. The latter species was classified within the nominative subgenus of Bracon ( Papp 1968, 2012) or its subgenus Habrobracon ( Tobias 1986; Tobias and Belokobylskij 2000). It seems best to consider both species in Habrobracon because they share a number of characteristic character states (the malar suture is absent; basal lobes of tarsal claws not protruding or acutely protruding (not lamelliform); in the fore wing, the vein 1-SR+M is straight, the vein 3-SR usually is no longer than vein 2-SR (0.6-1.2 ×), the vein 2-SR+M is long, 0.6-1.2 × as long as vein 3-SR; the dorsal carinae of the first metasomal tergite are absent, the lateral carinae are absent or very weakly defined; the ovipositor sheath is at most somewhat longer than the hind tibia, shorter than half of the fore wing length; the granulate sculpture tends to be more or less developed on body). In addition, Habrobracon was considered either a separate genus ( Quicke 1987; Papp 2012; Kittel and Maeto 2019) or a subgenus of Bracon ( Tobias 1986; van Achterberg and Polaszek 1996; Tobias and Belokobylskij 2000). Here the latter hypothesis is accepted because a number of very similar species are known in the subgenera Sculptobracon ( B. yakui Watanabe, 1937 and B. obsoletus Li, He & Chen, 2016) and Bracon s. str. ( B. concavus species group). Until the differences between the latter taxa and Habrobracon are sorted out, we prefer to keep Habrobracon as a subgenus of Bracon . B. allevatus sp. nov. maybe also compared with B. kasparyani distributed in the same region. The differences between three species are listed in the key below.

Figures

Figures 69 - 78. Bracon (Habrobracon) allevatus sp. nov. (holotype, NIBR) 69 habitus, lateral view 70 head, front view 71 head, dorsal view 72 mesosoma, lateral view 73 head, ventrolateral view 74 apex of antenna 75 head, lateral view 76 base of antenna 77 apex of hind tarsus 78 ovipositor. Scale bars: 1 mm (69); 0.5 mm (70 - 73, 75); 0.25 mm (74, 76 - 78).

Figures 79 - 85. Bracon (Habrobracon) allevatus sp. nov. (79 - 84 holotype, NIBR 85 male paratype, SMNE) 79 wings 80 first metasomal tergite, dorsal view 81 mesosoma, dorsal view 82 propodeum and base of metasoma, dorsal view 83 metasoma, dorsolateral view 84 fore tibia and tarsus 85 habitus, lateral view 86 hind tarsus. Scale bars: 1 mm (79, 85); 0.5 mm (81 - 84, 86); 0.25 mm (80).

Figures 87 - 98. Bracon kasparyani Samartsev, 2018 (87, 91, 97 holotype, ZISP 88, 92, 95 female paratype, ZISP), Bracon variegator Spinola, 1808 (89, 90, 93, 94, 96, 98 female, ZISP) 87, 89 head, ventrolateral view 88, 90 head and mesoscutum, dorsal view 91, 93 metasoma, dorsal view 92, 94 first metasomal tergite, dorsal view 95, 96 hind tarsus 97, 98 fore wing. Scale bars: 1 mm (97, 98); 0.5 mm (87 - 93, 95, 96); 0.25 mm (87 - 93, 95, 96).