Bourguyia maculata, (ROEWER, 1930)

Yamaguti, Humberto Y. & Pinto-Da-Rocha, Ricardo, 2009, Taxonomic review of Bourguyiinae, cladistic analysis, and a new hypothesis of biogeographic relationships of the Brazilian Atlantic Rainforest (Arachnida: Opiliones, Gonyleptidae), Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 156 (2), pp. 319-362 : 347-352

publication ID	https://doi.org/ 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2008.00484.x
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AF87FA-FFA1-FFE3-FCC2-FA75FAA36317
treatment provided by	Felipe
scientific name	Bourguyia maculata
status

Treatment

BOURGUYIA MACULATA ( ROEWER, 1930) View in CoL ( FIGS 4 View Figures 2–7 , 23 View Figures 21–31 ,

42 View Figures 40–50 , 61, 78, 79 View Figures 78–81 , 86, 87 View Figures 82–90 , 105 View Figures 103–108 )

Caldasius maculatus Roewer, 1930: 413 View in CoL (key), 415 (desc.), fig. 31c; Mello-Leitão, 1932: 314 (key), 315 (rdesc.); Soares & Soares, 1949: 161 (cat.) [ Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, Teresópolis; holotype ♂ (SMF 1814/35), examined].

Bourguyia maculata: Kury, 2003: 108 View in CoL (cat., syst.).

Redescription

Male: Measurements (N = 2). Dorsal scutum: length, 6.4 (6.4); width, 6.9 (6.6); anterior margin width, 2.7 (3.1); posterior margin width, 4.5 (4.6). Leg lengths: I, 16.0 (16.1); II, 39.7 (41.3); III, 26.5 (29.0); IV, 61.3 (59.0). Femora lengths: I, 4.2 (4.9); II, 11.8 (12.6); III, 8.6 (9.2); IV, 18.6 (18.3).

Dorsum ( Figs 4 View Figures 2–7 , 23 View Figures 21–31 , 78 View Figures 78–81 , 105 View Figures 103–108 ). Ocularium with median tubercle. Mesotergum with three areas: areas I and III with a pair of median tubercles. Free tergites II and III armed with median spines, with the spine of free tergite II being larger than that of free tergite III, or with median tubercles of similar size.

Legs ( Figs 4 View Figures 2–7 , 42 View Figures 40–50 , 61, 79 View Figures 78–81 , 105 View Figures 103–108 ). Coxa IV wide. Trochanter IV with two ventral median spines. Femur IV with a proximal ventral spine and a larger distal outer spine. Metatarsus IV with two longitudinal ventral rows of granules, curved apicad.

Penis ( Figs 86, 87 View Figures 82–90 ). Dorsal process narrow and high. Apex of ventral process wide and fan-shaped, with the lateral edges turned back and the dorsal surface smooth. Ventral plate with three pairs of basal setae.

Coloration (in alcohol) ( Fig. 105 View Figures 103–108 ). Dorsal scutum light brown. Legs and pedipalpus dark brown. Posterior margin of dorsal scutum and free tergites each with a pair of lateral stains, white to light yellow, and irregularly shaped. According to the original description ( Roewer, 1930), the chelicera, pedipalpus, and legs I–III are light yellow, and ae very reticulated with black; leg IV is almost black, with only the metatarsus and tarsus in yellow.

Dry marks ( Fig. 105 View Figures 103–108 ). Present on the grooves, and with only a few white spots on lateral margins and median region of mesotergum. Y-shaped stain behind ocularium, with few spots.

Female: Unknown.

Comparison: Differs from other Bourguyiinae species in having light paired stains on each free tergite and posterior margin of scutum ( Figs 78 View Figures 78–81 , 105 View Figures 103–108 ). Differs from other Bourguyia species in having ventral rows of small spines on the metatarsus IV ( Fig. 79 View Figures 78–81 ).

Material examined: Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, Santa Maria Madalena (P.E. do Desengano), 30 April 1989, R.B. Pineschi leg., one ♂ ( MNRJ 6484 View Materials ) .

BOURGUYIA TROCHANTERALIS ( ROEWER, 1930) View in CoL COMB. NOV. ( FIGS 5 View Figures 2–7 , 10 View Figures 8–12 , 24, 29 View Figures 21–31 , 43, 48 View Figures 40–50 , 62, 67, 88–90 View Figures 82–90 , 106 View Figures 103–108 , 111 View Figures 109–113 )

Caldasius trochanteralis Roewer, 1930: 413 View in CoL (key), 414 (desc.), figs 30, 31a,b; Mello-Leitão, 1932: 314 (key, rdesc.); Soares & Soares, 1949: 162 (cat.); 1984: 310 (syst.) (= Drastus hamatus Roewer View in CoL ); Kury, 2003: 108 (syst.) [ Brazil, Minas Gerais, Caldas; holotype ♂ (SMF 1326/14), examined].

Drastus hamatus Roewer, 1943: 48 View in CoL (desc.), pl. 6, fig. 52; Soares & Soares, 1949: 165 (cat.) [ Brazil, Santa Catarina, Seara (Nova Teutônia); holotype ♂ (SMF 6431/64), examined]. Synonymy restablished.

Stylopteptes conspersus (lapsus) Piza, 1943: 43 (desc.), fig. 3 [ Brazil, São Paulo, Juquiá ( Cabeça d’Anta ), November 1940, L. Travassos-Filho leg.; holotype ♀ ( MZSP 63 View Materials ), examined]. New synonymy .

Styloleptes conspersus: Soares, 1946: 509 View in CoL ; Soares & Soares, 1949: 213 (cat.); Gnaspini, 1996: 433 (bio.); Shultz & Pinto-da-Rocha, 2007: 29, fig. 2.7f.

Bourguyia hamata: Kury, 2003: 108 (cat., syst.).

Bourguyia albiornata: Machado & Oliveira, 2002 View in CoL (misidentification): 1509–1521 (bio.), fig. 1b.

Redescription

Male: Measurements (N = 5). Dorsal scutum: length, 6.1–6.6 (6.5); width, 6.4–7.2 (7.2); anterior margin width, 2.8–3.2 (3.2); posterior margin width, 4.1–4.6 (4.6). Leg lengths: I, 17.7–18.8 (18.8); II, 38.3–50.8 (50.8); III, 28.7–34.2 (33.3); IV, 69.7–70.4 (69.7). Femora lengths: I, 4.4–5.4 (5.1); II, 14.5–17.7 (17.7); III, 9.9–11.1 (10.4); IV, 18.6–23.0 (22.3).

Dorsum ( Figs 5 View Figures 2–7 , 24 View Figures 21–31 , 106 View Figures 103–108 ). Ocularium with median tubercle. Mesotergum with three areas. Free tergite II armed with a median spine of conical shape, with the apex slightly rounded; free tergite III with small median tubercle.

Legs ( Figs 5 View Figures 2–7 , 43 View Figures 40–50 , 62, 106 View Figures 103–108 ). Coxa IV wide. Trochanter IV with two median ventral spines. Femur IV with high granules, one small basal ventral spine, and up to four distal outer spines.

Penis ( Figs 88–90 View Figures 82–90 ). Dorsal process small and contiguous with the sack, flattened in the apex. Ventral process with the apex very wide, the lateral edges turned to the sides and the dorsal surface covered with small scaly projections. Ventral plate with two pairs of basal setae.

Coloration (live) ( Fig. 106 View Figures 103–108 ). Prosoma red/brown, mesotergum and free tergites yellow. Ocularium slightly more light than the prosoma. Whole dorsal scutum covered with very small black spots. Pedipalpus dark yellow, becoming green apicad. Coxa dark yellow. Trochanters I–III dark yellow; trochanter IV red/brown. Femora dark yellow. Legs becoming black apicad. Venter dark yellow. In alcohol it can be entirely a homogeneous light yellow.

Dry marks ( Fig. 106 View Figures 103–108 ). Many white spots on whole dorsal scutum and anal plate. Y-shaped stain behind ocularium, white stain on the anterior median region of ocularium. Small circular stains on lateral margins at the side of ocularium. White stains on inner and outer regions of coxa IV and trochanter IV near the articulation.

Female ( Figs 10 View Figures 8–12 , 29 View Figures 21–31 , 48 View Figures 40–50 , 67, 111 View Figures 109–113 ): Measurements (N = 5). Dorsal scutum: length, 6.3–6.6; width, 6.5– 7.0; anterior margin width, 2.6–2.7; posterior margin width, 5.3–5.8. Leg lengths: I, 13.6–15.9; II, 34.1– 37.8; III, 23.1–27.3; IV, 36.9–44.3. Femora lengths: I, 3.3–4.0; II, 9.8–11.9; III, 7.0–8.9; IV, 9.2–12.6. Free tergite spines a little longer than in males.

Comparison: Differs from other Bourguyiinae species in having the prosoma darker than the mesotergum ( Fig. 106 View Figures 103–108 ), and having the free tergite II armature in a conical shape and a rounded apex ( Fig. 5 View Figures 2–7 ).

Material examined: Brazil, Minas Gerais, Camanducaia (Monte Verde), two ♀ ( MNRJ 17490 View Materials ) . São Paulo, Ubatuba ( Fazenda Capricórnio ), 1995, F.A.G. Mello leg., one ♂ and two ♀ ( MZSP 16807 View Materials ) ; Peruíbe , 28–30 June 1982, Expedition MZSP leg., one ♀ ( MZSP 14371 View Materials ) ; Peruíbe (E.E. Juréia-Itatins), 09–21 November 1995, F.A.G. Mello & N. Carneiro leg., one ♀ ( MZSP 16806 View Materials ) ; Iporanga , 3–10 January 1997, F. Vanini leg., one ♂ ( MZSP 16714 View Materials ) ; Jacupiranga , 14 December 1993, V.C. Jenn & J. Jim leg., one ♂ and one ♀ ( MNRJ 17584 View Materials ) ; Iporanga ( Fazenda Intervales ), 3 December 1992, R. Pinto-da-Rocha & P. Gnaspini leg., one ♀ ( MZSP 14170 View Materials ) ; Cananéia ( Ilha de Cananéia ), 5–6 June 1976, L.R. Fontes leg., two ♀ ( MZSP 16794 View Materials ) ; Iguape ( Ilha do Cardoso) , 19 April 1991, M.V. Segalla leg., two ♂ ( MZSP 14124 View Materials ) ; April 2000, G. Machado leg., three ♂ ( MZSP 19334 View Materials ) . Paraná, Adrianópolis , 24 November 2004, M.V. Segalla & F. Stender leg., six ♀ ( MZSP 27720 View Materials ) ; Campina Grande do Sul ( Fazenda Capivaras ), 8 July 1989, F. Straube & M.R. Bornschein leg., two ♂, sc ♀, and one juvenile ( MHNC) ; Paranaguá ( Barra do Arapira ), 18 February 1990, M.R. Bornschein & V.G. Persson leg. ( MZSP 27721 View Materials ) .

Remarks: The type locality of Drastus hamatus (Nova Teutônia, Seara, SC) is a record error from Roewer. No other Bourguyiinae specimen was found in the south of Paranaguá, PR. This is a doubtful locality for other harvestmen, as for Pristocnemis farinosus (R. Pinto-da-Rocha, pers. comm.). This leads us to suspect this is another error from Roewer.

BOURGUYIA BOCAINA SP. NOV. ( FIGS 6 View Figures 2–7 , 11 View Figures 8–12 , 25, 30 View Figures 21–31 , 44, 49 View Figures 40–50 , 63, 68, 80 View Figures 78–81 , 91, 92 View Figures 91–94 , 107 View Figures 103–108 , 112 View Figures 109–113 )

Type material: Brazil, São Paulo, São José do Barreiro ( Serra da Bocaina , 1500 m a.s.l.), M. Alvarenga & W. Bokerman leg., holotype ♂, 21 paratypes ♂, nine paratypes ♀ , and one paratype juvenile ( MZSP 10580 View Materials ); A. Lemos-de-Castro, P. Young & A. Feio leg., one paratype ♂ and three paratype ♀ ( MNRJ 5456 View Materials ); F.S. Vianna leg., 13 October 1956, one paratype ♂ and one paratype ♀ ( HEMS 765 ) .

Etymology: The species is endemic to Serra da Bocaina (São José do Barreiro, SP), and it is the only Bourguyiinae hitherto collected there.

Description

Male: Measurements (N = 5). Dorsal scutum: length, 6.4–6.7 (6.7); width, 7.0–7.7 (7.4); anterior margin width, 2.5–2.7 (2.5); posterior margin width, 4.9–5.2 (5.2). Legs length: I, 16.3–19.6 (17.8); II, 48.7–60.2 (56.8); III, 29.5–33.3 (31.9); IV, 73.2–85.3 (81.5). Femora lengths: I, 4.3–4.9 (4.5); II, 15.2–18.2 (16.8); III, 9.2–11.0 (10.5); IV, 22.3–26.8 (24.4).

Dorsum ( Figs 6 View Figures 2–7 , 25 View Figures 21–31 , 80 View Figures 78–81 , 107 View Figures 103–108 ). Dorsal scutum with three areas. Ocularium small, not very wide or long, and armed with a median tubercle. Granules present on entire margin of dorsal scutum, fewer granules on posterior margin. Areas I and III with a pair of median tubercles. Dorsal scutum about 10% wider than long. Free tergite II with a large median spine, a pair of high granules on the sides of the spine base, and a small spine on each side of the median spine.

Legs ( Figs 6 View Figures 2–7 , 44 View Figures 40–50 , 63, 107 View Figures 103–108 ). Coxa IV extends a little past the posterior margin. Distal ventral apophysis very reduced. Trochanter IV with inner hook-shaped apophysis of medium size; two pairs of median spines present. Femur IV very long, covered with very low granules, and with very small spines at apex.

Penis ( Figs 91, 92 View Figures 91–94 ). Dorsal process present, very prominent from the glans. Ventral process smooth, very long, just opening in fan shape at the apex, with the lateral edges very turned back. Stylus sinuous. Ventral plate with two pairs of basal setae.

Coloration (live) ( Fig. 107 View Figures 103–108 ). Dorsal scutum and free tergites homogeneous red/brown. The whole dorsum and venter covered with very small black spots, larger on femur IV. Ocularium, posterior margin, and free tergite margins a little more light. Granules of dorsal scutum margin darker. Median spines of free tergites II and III almost black. Chelicera, pedipalpus, coxae, and Trochanters I–III yellow, and a little reticulated with green. The rest of legs I–III almost entirely covered with green. Coxa IV with same colour as dorsum, with the posterior margin darker, and the trochanter and femur IV red/brown, and darker than the dorsum. The rest of leg IV is almost entirely covered with green. Venter a little darker than the dorsum.

Dry marks ( Fig. 107 View Figures 103–108 ). Few white spots on posterior margin; fewer and smaller spots on dorsal scutum. Grooves white, very weak. Y-shaped stain behind the ocularium. White stain on inner region of coxa IV, near the articulation with body, and on outer region of coxa IV and trochanter IV, on the articulation.

Female ( Figs 11 View Figures 8–12 , 30 View Figures 21–31 , 49 View Figures 40–50 , 68, 112 View Figures 109–113 ): Measurements (N = 5). Dorsal scutum: length, 6.4–6.8; width, 6.6– 7.3; anterior margin width, 2.3–2.4; posterior margin width, 5.2–6.2. Leg lengths: I, 11.7–12.5; II, 27.7– 30.1; III, 19.2–21.0; IV, 30.9–34.2. Femora lengths: I, 2.7–3.1; II, 7.8–8.6; III, 6.1–6.5; IV, 7.8–8.9. Free tergite II spine a little longer than males.

Comparison: Differs from other Bourguyiinae species in having free tergite II armed with three spines ( Fig. 80 View Figures 78–81 ). Differs from other Bourguyia species in coloration of the dorsal scutum, which is a homogeneous reddish brown ( Fig. 107 View Figures 103–108 ).

Material examined. Brazil, São José do Barreiro (Serra da Bocaina), 13 October 1956, F.S. Vianna leg., one ♂, seven ♀ , and five juvenile ( MNRJ 8957 View Materials ); 13 October 1957, F.S. Vianna leg., four ♂ and two ♀ ( MNRJ 8977 View Materials ); 21–24 March 1997, R. Pinto-da-Rocha, C. Campaner & S.A. Vanin leg., two ♂ and six ♀ ( MZSP 17708 View Materials ); 28 April–3 May 2002, Equipe Biota leg., one ♂ ( IBSP 2738 View Materials ); 28 April–3 May 2002, Equipe Biota leg., one ♂ ( IBSP 2778 View Materials ); A. Lemos-de-Castro, P. Young & A. Feio leg., one ♂, three ♀ , and one juvenile ( MNRJ 4710 View Materials ); one ♂ and two ♀ ( MZSP 16004 View Materials ) .

BOURGUYIA VINOSA SP. NOV. ( FIGS 7 View Figures 2–7 , 12 View Figures 8–12 , 26, 31 View Figures 21–31 , 45, 50 View Figures 40–50 , 64, 69, 81 View Figures 78–81 , 93, 94 View Figures 91–94 , 108 View Figures 103–108 , 113 View Figures 109–113 )

Type material: Brazil, São Paulo, Salesópolis ( Estação Biológica de Boracéia ), 9–10 June 2005, S. Outeda- Jorge leg., holotype ♂, one paratype ♂ , and one paratype ♀ ( MZSP). São Sebastião ( Praia de Boracéia ), 22 February 1996, M.E.V. Calleffo leg., one paratype ♂ ( MNRJ 17698 View Materials ). 28 February 1992, R. Baptista leg., one paratype ♂ ( MNRJ 6804 View Materials ) .

Etymology: In reference to the dorsum colour, which is similar to the colour of wine.

Description

Male: Measurements (N = 5). Dorsal scutum: length, 6.0–6.4 (6.2); width, 6.6–7.3 (7.1); anterior margin width, 2.4–2.6 (2.6); posterior margin width, 4.6–5.0 (4.5). Leg lengths: I, 17.0–19.5 (18.1); II, 46.2–53.5 (51.2); III, 27.9–32.6 (31.0); IV, 60.8–76.0 (71.5). Femora lengths: I, 4.5–5.3 (4.8); II, 13.6–15.5 (15.2); III, 8.8–10.4 (10.0); IV, 17.5–23.1 (21.9).

Dorsum ( Figs 7 View Figures 2–7 , 26 View Figures 21–31 , 108 View Figures 103–108 ). The whole body with large and rounded granules. Spines with rounded apex. Mesotergum with three areas. Ocularium with median large tubercle, covered with small and dispersed granules. Free tergites II and III with median spine, rounded at apex, and almost cylindrical; spine of free tergite II almost four times longer than the spine of free tergite III. Granules of free tergites II and III very high.

Legs ( Figs 7 View Figures 2–7 , 45 View Figures 40–50 , 64, 108 View Figures 103–108 ). Coxa IV without distal ventral spine. Trochanter IV with a small inner hookshaped apophysis. Femur IV covered with high granules, with some distal outer spines, increasing in size apicad. Some high granules can be presented.

Penis ( Figs 93, 94 View Figures 91–94 ). Dorsal process present, contiguous with glans sack, apex flattened. Ventral process not very high, apex very curved back, and dorsal surface covered with small scaly projections. Stylus sinuous. Ventral plate with two pairs of basal setae.

Coloration (live) ( Fig. 108 View Figures 103–108 ). Dorsal scutum and free tergites homogeneous dark red/brown, granules lighter. Ocularium a little lighter. Spines of free tergites darker. Chelicera dark green. Pedipalpus light green, darker apicad. Legs I–III dark yellow, greenish from the femur base towards the tarsus. Trochanter and femur IV red/brown, apophyses and granules lighter; granules of femur IV lighter, same colour of trochanter apophyses.

Dry marks ( Fig. 108 View Figures 103–108 ). Many white spots on mesotergum, concentrated on median region. Stain in closed Y-shape behind ocularium.

Female ( Figs 12 View Figures 8–12 , 31 View Figures 21–31 , 50 View Figures 40–50 , 69, 113 View Figures 109–113 ): Measurements (N = 5). Dorsal scutum: length, 6.0–6.6; width, 6.5–7.6; anterior margin width, 2.3–2.6; posterior margin width, 4.8–6.0. Legs length: I, 10.9–13.0; II, 29.7–33.1; III, 20.8–22.5; IV, 33.8–36.1. Femora lengths: I, 2.8– 3.6; II, 8.6–9.4; III, 6.2–6.8; IV, 8.7–9.5. Free tergite II with a larger spine with a wider base than in males. High granules denser on femur IV than in males.

Comparison: Differs from other Bourguyiinae species in coloration of the dorsal scutum, which is similar to wine colour, with granules and ocularium a little lighter ( Fig. 108 View Figures 103–108 ). Male differs from other Bourguyiinae species in having a cylindrical-shaped spine on free tergite II.

Material examined: Brazil, São Paulo, Santo André (E.B. Paranapiacaba) , 28 September 1922, P. Brien leg., one ♀ ( ISNB) ; 5 November 1995, G. Machado & A. Giaretta leg., one ♀ ( MZSP 16667 View Materials ) ; 8 March 1962, E. Bokerman leg., one ♂ ( MZSP 16801 View Materials ) ; 25–26 January 1997, R. Pinto-da-Rocha & S. Casari leg., one ♂ ( MZSP 17653 View Materials ) ; Salesópolis (E.B. Boracéia), December 1943, H. Zoppei leg., one ♀ ( MZSP 998 View Materials ) ; 21 September 1965, P. Biasi leg., four ♂ and one juvenile ( MZSP 9992 View Materials ) ; October 1948, E.X. Rabello leg., one ♀ ( MZSP 1827 View Materials ) ; 1943, one ♀ ( MZSP 1930 View Materials ) ; 1948, E.X. Rabello leg., one ♀ ( MNRJ 17697 View Materials ) ; 6 November 1968, E.X. Rabello leg., two ♂ and one ♀ ( MZSP 22734 View Materials ) ; 24–30 January 1979, L. Fontes & P. Terra leg., one ♀ ( MZSP 22733 View Materials ) .