Bidens henryi Sherff, Bot. Gaz. (Crawfordsville) 76: 164. 1923.

Wagner, Warren L., Clark, John R. & Lorence, David H., 2014, Revision of endemic Marquesas Islands Bidens (Asteraceae, Coreopsideae), PhytoKeys 38, pp. 37-67 : 42-44

1. Bidens henryi Sherff, Bot. Gaz. (Crawfordsville) 76: 164. 1923. Fig. 2D-F

Campylotheca henryi (Sherff) F. Br., Bernice P. Bishop Mus. Bull. 130: 355. 1935.

Type.

Marquesas Islands. Hiva Oa: Atuona Valley ridge on route to Hanamenu, 3500-4000 ft [1065-1220 m], December 1917, C. Henry s.n. (holotype: F-474749!).

Description.

Erect subshrubs to shrubs 1-2 m tall. Leaves simple, 2.5-13 cm long including petiole, blades lanceolate or elliptic-lanceolate, 1.8-9.5 × 0.5-3.8 cm, glabrous, margins serrate, apex acuminate. Heads (1-)3-4(-7), in diffuse cymes terminating main stem and lateral branches, 5-15 mm in diameter excluding rays, peduncles 1.2-9.5 cm long, glabrous; outer involucral bracts 4-13 mm long, linear, well differentiated from inner bracts, recurved, apex erose, sometimes with few short hairs; ray florets ca. 13, sterile, rays yellow, 12-15 × 2-5 mm; disk florets ca. 30-32, perfect, corollas yellow. Achenes black, straight, 8-10 × 1-2 mm, glabrous or with few inconspicuous setae near the apex; pappus of 2-3 antrorse barbed awns.

Distribution.

Marquesas Islands, occurring on Hiva Oa and Tahuata, (400-) 620-1200 m.

Habitat.

Bidens henryi is known from ridges and summit areas in montane wet shrubland or low forest with Metrosideros collina (J.R. Forst. & G. Forst.) A. Gray and Weinmannia marquesana F. Br. with fern understory along with other shrubs and trees such as species of Cheirodendron , Coprosma , Crossostylis , Cyrtandra , and Myrsine .

C

onservation status.

Proposed IUCN Red List Category Endangered (EN), criteria B2a, B2b (i-iii): B2: total area of occupancy less than 500 km² (ca. 378 km²); B1a, severely fragmented; B1b (i-iii), habitat continuing decline inferred. The suitable habitat for Bidens henryi on Hiva Oa (ca. 315 km²), and Tahuata (ca. 61 km²) is restricted to mountain slopes and summits, indicated as an endangered environment that is threatened by human activity (deforestation and fire), feral animals, and invasive plants, thus reducing the extent of the forest. It is relatively common locally in some areas, however, and consequently vulnerable (VU) might be an alternative category (Butaud, pers. comm. 2014).

Specimens examined.

Marquesas Islands. Hiva Oa: Chemin d’Atuona à Hanamenu par Feani, crête Hanamenu, 1090 m, 12 Feb 1975, Schäfer 5192 (K, US); Chemin d’Atuona à Hanamenu par Feani, côté Atuona, 1010 m, 13 Feb 1975, Schäfer 5205 (K, MPU); Feani ridge to upper slopes of dry side of island, 1150 m, 12 Feb 1975, Oliver & Schäfer 3122 (BISH, MO, P, PTBG, US); Feani, trail from Atuona to Hanamenu, 1190 m, 10 Feb 1975, Oliver & Schäfer 3105 (BISH, P, PTBG, US); Feani, vieux sentier d’Atuona à Hanamenu, crête côté Hanamenu, 900 m, 5 Mar 1975, Schäfer & Oliver 5271 (K, MPU, US); Puamau, chemin vers Atuona, après la bifurcation vers Hanaupe, lieu-dit Keiani, 650 m, 26 Mar 1975, Schäfer 5382 (K, MPU, US); A l’est de la piste d’aviation, 7 Mar 1974, Hallé 2117 (US); Mt. Ootua, central part, 785 m, 28 Jul 1977, Gagné 1200 (BISH, US); Mt. Ootua, central part, 800 m, 27 Jul 1977, Gagné 1166 (BISH, US); Rim of Puamau valley along trail from main road, 650 m, 9°46"26.8'S/138°54"24.8'W, 20 Feb 2003, Perlman 18488 (BISH, P, PAP, PTBG, US); NE slopes Mt. Temetiu, 700 m, 23 Feb 1929, Mumford & Adamson 49 (BISH); Atuona V., 700 m, 6 Oct 1930, Pacific Ent. Survey EX 49 (BISH [2]); Feani, 900 m, 15 Dec 1921, Brown 1084 (BISH); Road from Atuona to Puamau, just below Mt. Ootua, 700 m, 22 Jan 1975, Sachet, Oliver & Schäfer 2131 (BISH, PTBG, US); Ootua, 800 m, 15 Dec 1921, Brown & Brown 1018 (BISH); Atuona-Feani Trail, upper part of trail, exposed slope, 900-1000 m, 24-26 Sep 1963, Sachet & Decker 1122 (BISH, NSW, MO, P, US); Teavaimataii, N side Mt. Ootua, 800 m, 6 May 1929, Mumford & Adamson 351 (BISH [2]); Hanaiapa, 800 m, 30 Oct 1922, Quayle 1600 (BISH); Road from Atuona to Puamau, just below Mt. Ootua, 660-690 m, 22 Jan 1975, Sachet, Oliver & Schäfer 2129 (BISH, CBG, CHR, K, MO, NSW, L, P, PTBG, US); Entre Hanamenu et la crête de Feani, lieu-dit Teho’o-ho’o, 750 800 m, 27 Jul 1975, Schäfer 5629 (MPU); Hava Iafa, 700 m, 29 Oct 1922, Jones 1600 (BKL); Atuona-Feani Trail, upper part of trail, just below crest of ridge, 1200 m, 24-26 Sep 1963, Sachet & Decker 1141 (BISH, PTBG, US); Where trail toward Hanamenu turns into dry ridge, 884 m, 3 Aug 1988, Perlman 10208 (BISH, F, MO, PTBG, UBC, US); Trail to Feani and Hanamenu, 1006 m, 29 Jul 1988, Perlman, Wagner, Lorence, Florence & Montgomery 10177 (AD, BISH, F, MO, P, PAP, PTBG, UBC, US); Along old Atuona-Hanamenu Trail, on high ridge leading to Mt. Feani, 1050-1150 m, 30 Jul 1988, Lorence, Wagner, Florence, Perlman & Montgomery 6259 (PAP, PTBG); Mt. Feani, 1100 m, 11 Nov 1989, McKee 44683 (BISH, PAP); Atuona, piste de Hanamenu, 680 m, 29 Jul 1988, Florence, Lorence, Perlman & Wagner 9609 (BISH, P, PAP, US); trail from Atuona (W) to ridge leading to Mt. Feani and Temetiu, 1020 m, 29 Jul 1988, Wagner & Lorence 6219 (BISH, PTBG, US); Atuona, piste de Hanamenu, crête centrale, 1010 m, 29 Jul 1988, Florence, Lorence, Perlman & Wagner 9617 (BISH, P, PAP, US); Base camp, near Vaitumete to ridge crest south of Teakatau, 1200 m, 9°48"S/139°4"W, 29 Jan 2003, Lorence, Dunn & Price 8932 (BISH, P, PAP, PTBG, US)[used in molecular study, Funk et al.], cult from Lorence et al. 8932, Lorence 9175 (BISH, PTBG, US); Temetiu region, drainages to southeast of Vaimete et Vaiumioi (source), headwaters of Hanamenu, 1067 m, 29 Jan 2003, Wood 10038 (BISH, NY, P, PAP, PTBG, US); Trail to Hanamenu, along summit crest, 1000 m, 9°47"9.29'S/139°4"56.7"W, 1 Aug 2005, Perlman 19759 (PAP, PTBG); Road from Atuona to Puamau, just below Mt. Ootua, spur ridge above road below Ootua peak, 720 m, 23 Nov 1974, Sachet & Decker 1923 (BISH, CBG, CHR, K, MO, MPU, NSW, L, P, PAP, PTBG, US); Eiaone-Piamau divide, crest approx. 0.5 km from pass, 400 m, 5 Dec 1963, Decker 973 (BISH, MO, NSW, PTBG, US); Atuona-Feani Trail, Feani ridge, 1000 m, 24-26 Sep 1963, Sachet & Decker 1195 (US); Mt. Ootua, off road between Airport and Puamau, on E side of summit, 811 m, 21 Aug 1995, Perlman & Wood 14868 (BISH, MO, P, PAP, PTBG, UBC, US); Eiaone-Piamau divide, crest approx. 0.5 km from pass, 400 m, 5 Dec 1963, Decker 973 (BISH, MO, NSW, PTBG, US). Tahuata: Vaitahu, crête d’Amatea, début de la montée raide vers la partie haute, 620 m, 10 Apr 1975, Schäfer 5519 (MPU); Ridge between Amatea & Haaoiputeomo, summit crest of island, 823 m, 12 Jul 1997, Perlman, Wood & Luce 15989 (MO, P, PAP, PTBG, US); Summit of ridge above Vaitahu, near Haaoiputeomo, on ridge near antenna, along ridge crest between Vaitahu & Hanatetena, 823 m, 1 Sep 1995, Perlman, Wood & Luce 14917 (MO, P, PAP, PTBG, US); Along top of ridge from Amatea to Haaoiputeomo, over Hanatetena village, Summit crest of island above Vaitahu, 866 m, 11 Jul 1997, Perlman, Wood & Luce 15958 (P, PAP, PTBG, US); Région du sommet de Tahuata, 17 Mar 1974, Hallé 2186 (US); de Hamatea à la crête centrale de l’île, 750-850 m, 26 May 1975, Thibault 54 (BISH, US); Mt. Ootua, summit area and along trail from road cut, 732 m, 9°46"10'S/138°58"31.4'W, 19 Jul 2004, Perlman & Wood 19207 (BISH, P, PAP, PTBG, US).

Discussion.

Bidens henryi has conspicuous linear, recurved outer involucral bracts.

Figures

Figure 2. Bidens bipontina Sherff (A-C). A Distal part of plant B Head post-flowering showing involucral bracts and apex of achenes C Head showing rays and apex of disk florets. Drawn from Perlman & Wood 15028 (US), except B from Wood and Perlman 4601 (US). Images used to augment illustration from field shots of Wood and Perlman 4601 and Perlman and Wood 15021. Bidens henryi Sherff (D-F). D Distal part of plant E Head post-flowering showing involucral bracts F Head showing rays and disk florets. Drawn Wood 10038 (US), except F from Perlman 14868 (US). Images from field shots used to augment illustration of Wood 10038, Wagner 6219 and Lorence & Price 8932.