CHALCOSOMINA, Rowland & Miller, 2012

Rowland, J. Mark & Miller, Kelly B., 2012, Phylogeny and systematics of the giant rhinoceros beetles (Scarabaeidae: Dynastini), Insecta Mundi 2012 (263), pp. 1-15 : 11

Subtribe CHALCOSOMINA , New Subtribe

Included genera. Haploscapanes Arrow , Chalcosoma Hope , Beckius Dechambre , Eupatorus Burmeister , Pachyoryctes Arrow.

Description. Clypeus mesal margin: Slightly emarginate in Haploscapanes , deeply emarginate in other genera. Male cephalic horn apex: Acuminate in all genera. Male cephalic horn armature: Adenticulate in some Haploscapanes , some Chalcosoma and all Beckius , Eupatorus and Pachyoryctes ; denticulate in some Haploscapanes and some Chalcosoma . Male cephalic horn length of longesthorned species: Medium in Haploscapanes , long in other genera. Male cephalic horn length of shortest-horned species: Short in Haploscapanes , medium in Eupatorus , and long in Chalcosoma , Beckius and Pachyoryctes . Female frons: Atuberculate in Chalcosoma , tuberculate in other genera; tubercle mesal and large in Pachyoryctes , lateral and large in other genera. Mandible incisor: Adenticulate in all genera. Maxillary lacinia: Adenticulate in Haploscapanes , denticulate in other genera; denticles directed apically and mesally in Beckius and Eupatorus , mesally in Chalcosoma and apically in Pachyoryctes ; denticles number less than four in Chalcosoma , four or more in Beckius and Eupatorus . Dorsal pronotum of major males: With paired horns, bosses or carinae that vary from mesal to lateral, except Haploscapanes barbarossa and H. enermis in which the dorsal pronotum is simply convex. Mesal pronotum dense pilosity: Absent in all genera. Male anteroventrolateral pronotal apices: Horns absent in Haploscapanes , Chalcosoma and Beckius , equivocal in Pachyoryctes , developed Eupatorus . Male pronotal horn length of longest-horned species: Short in Haploscapanes and Pachyoryctes , medium in Eupatorus , long in Chalcosoma and Beckius . Male pronotal horn length of shortest-horned species: Absent in Haploscapanes , short in Chalcosoma , Eupatorus and Pachyoryctes , long in Beckius . Pronotal architecture of female: Not seen in Pachyoryctes , in other genera simply convex. Pronotal integument of male: No anastomosing sculpture in Chalcosoma , Eupatorus and Pachyoryctes , some anastomosing sculpture in Haploscapanes and Beckius . Pronotal integument of female: Considerable anastomosing sculpture in Haploscapanes , Chalcosoma , Beckius , Eupatorus and not seen in Pachyoryctes . Prolegs: Sexually monomorphic in Pachyoryctes , sexually dimorphic in other genera. Elytra of female: Integument significantly different from male in Chalcosoma , essentially same as in male in Haploscapanes , Beckius and Eupatorus , not seen in Pachyoryctes . Dorsal integument color: Uniformly dark red/brown/black in Haploscapanes and Pachyoryctes , colored in Chalcosoma , Beckius and Eupatorus . Dorsal pilosity: No genera with conspicuously hirsute species. Paramere dorsal conjunction: Without interdigitating teeth in all genera. Paramere apex: Lateral contours converging inward. Paramere apex setation: Nearly absent, or short and inconspicuous. Raspular complex: Without enlarged, sclerotized spines in all genera.