Syagrus pseudococos (Raddi) Glassman (1970b: 233)

Noblick, Larry R., 2017, A revision of the genus Syagrus (Arecaceae), Phytotaxa 294 (1), pp. 448-450 : 448-450

51. Syagrus pseudococos (Raddi) Glassman (1970b: 233) . Langsdorffia pseudococos Raddi (1820: 347) . Barbosa pseudococos (Raddi) Beccari (1887: 349) . Lectotype (designated by Glassman [1987: 106]):— Raddi (1820) t. 1, 1820

Cocos mikaniana Martius (1826: 128) . Syagrus mikaniana (Mart.) Martius (1844: 133) . Calappa mikaniana (Mart.) Kuntze (1891: 982) . Lectotype (designated by Glassman [1987: 106]):— BRAZIL. Rio de Janeiro: Martius (1845) volume 3, t. 166, fig. 1, 1845.

Figure 72 plate, Figure 65 map.

Moderate to large, solitary palm. Stem ca. 3.5–10 m × (10–)15–20(–25) cm. Leaves 3–22; sheathing leaf base ca. 24–32 cm wide at the base; pseudopetiole 80–120 cm long; petiole nearly absent–10 × 2.5–3.5 cm, 1.5 cm thick; rachis 165–250 cm long; leaflets slightly lighter on the abaxial surface, 93–115(–150) along one side, in clusters of 2 or 3, inserted at various angles, giving the leaf a plumose appearance, ramenta scales or wooly tomentum present where the leaflets are inserted on the rachis and also along the abaxial midvein; basal leaflets 48–54 × 0.4–0.6 cm, middle leaflets 31–65(–80) × 2.2–4 cm, apical leaflets 23–35 × 0.4–0.5 cm with an asymmetric tip. Inflorescence erect to pendulous, spirally branched; prophyll 39 × 5–6 cm; peduncular bract 74–79 cm long, expanded portion 45–50 × (10–) 25–27 cm, including a 1–2 cm beak, (16.5) 40–43 cm perimeter, 9–12 mm thickness, narrow, woody, sulcate, exterior with scattered thin indument; peduncle ca. 35–70 × 3–3.5 cm, 2 cm thick, elliptical in cross-section; inflorescence axis 41–60(–90) cm long; rachis 20–50 cm long; rachillae 28–50, glabrous, 17–24 cm long at the apex, 32–44 cm long at the base; staminate flowers 14–15 mm long at the apex, 16–22 × (6–) 8–10 mm at the base, green to yellow, sepals 2–5 × 3–5 mm, glabrous, with no visible nerves, petals 13–14 mm long at the apex, 16–22 × 5–6.5 mm at the base with acute tips, glabrous, to 1 mm thick, no visible nerves, stamens 11–13 mm long, anthers 9–12 mm long, filaments 3–4 mm long, pistillode 1–3.5 mm long; basal pistillate flowers rounded, 20–22(– 32) × 15–20 mm yellow, glabrous, sepals 17–21 × 12–18 mm, glabrous, obscurely nerved, only the outermost sepal slightly keeled, the other two not keeled, petals 12–16 × 8–11 mm, glabrous, indistinct nerves, valvate tips nearly absent to less than 1/10 the length of the petal, ca. 1 mm long, pistil 8–11 × 7–8 mm, very tomentose, stigmas 3–4 mm long, glabrous, staminodal ring ca. 1 mm high, 6-dentate. Fruit ovoid, 6–6.8 × 3.8–4 cm, yellowish green when mature, mostly glabrous but tomentose at the apex, epicarp less than 0.5 mm thick, mesocarp 2–3 mm thick, succulent and fibrous; endocarp ca. 4.7–6 × 3.2–4 cm, 1–1.5 mm thick on its sides, ca. 9 mm thick at the apex; seed globose to ovoid, ca. 2.8 × 2.5 mm, endosperm ruminate. Germination remote-tubular.

178 • Phytotaxa 294 (1) © 2017 Magnolia Press

NOBLICK A REVISION OF THE GENUS SYAGRUS

Phytotaxa 294 (1) © 2017 Magnolia Press • 179

Common name:— coco-amargoso, peririma, coco-verde, patioba, palma-blanca, gariroba, guariroba.

Etymology:— The specific epithet, pseudococos , means false coconut and is in reference to the similarity in appearance of this tree to the coconut, according to Raddi.

Distribution and habitat:— Espírito Santo, Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo , Brazil, in the coastal region of the Atlantic forest, generally in rocky soils on steep slopes.

Conservation:— Because of its wide distribution and habitat in rocky soils and steep slopes, this palm is classified as least concern, LC.

Phenology:— Fruits principally during summer (December–March).

Uses:— The mesocarp of the fruit is edible, and so are the seeds. The trunk is utilized locally in rural construction. The palm is ornamental and cultivated occasionally in landscaping.

Notes:— This palm has a very tall, smooth, clean stem, its nut is globose with a very distinctive, broad, conical structure at its apex, resembling a Chinese hat. It also has a fairly thick peduncular bract, similar to S. botryophora .

Representative specimens:— BRAZIL. Espírito Santo: Atílio Vivacqua, Base Serra da Aurora , –20.91, – 41.20, 26 January 1994, H.Q. Boudet Fernandes 3100 ( MBML) ; Colatina, Miracema (Torre 41/1-LT 230 Kv Mascarenhas × Verona ), 200 m, 6 November 2008, A.M. Assis 1864 ( MBML) ; Ecoporanga, Vale do Córrego Jequitibá , –18.37, –40.83, 8 March 1994, H.Q. Boudet Fernandes 3145 ( MBML) ; Ibiraçu, Estação Ecológica do Morro da Vargem, caminho do mirante 3, 300–470 m, –19.89, –40.38, 1 June 1990, H.Q. Boudet Fernandes 2991 ( ESA, MBML!, VIES); Linhares , Linha e Planta 1, –19.39, –40.07, 7 March 2001, D.A. Folli 3824 ( CVRD) ; Marilândia, Liberdade, Prop. : Deoclécio. Lorenccini , 250 m, –19.35, –40.52, 14 July 2006, V. Demuner 2637 ( MBML) ; Pancas, Estrada Pancas × V. Verde, –19.23, –40.85, 9 December 1988, H.Q. Boudet Fernandes 2279 ( MBML!) ; Santa Leopoldina, Bragança , propr.: Assunta Salvador , 400 m, –20.13, –40.55, 17 May 2006, L.F.S. Magnago 998 ( MBML) ; Santa Teresa, Nova Lombardia , –19.82, –40.51, 4 June 1985, H.Q. Boudet Fernandes 1217 ( MBML!) ; Santa Teresa, Museu de Biologia Mello Leitão, Parque , –19.94, –40.60, 21 June 1985, H.Q. Boudet Fernandes 1280 ( MBML!) ; Santa Teresa, Mata acima da Propriedade do Governo , –19.94, –40.60, 10 April 1986, H.Q. Boudet Fernandes 1911 ( MBML!, MO); Santa Teresa , Divisa com Santa Leopoldina , –19.94, – 40.60, 23 April 1986, H.Q. Boudet Fernandes 1936 ( MBML!) ; Santa Teresa, Estação Biológica de Santa Lúcia , – 19.97, –40.53, 24 November 1988, H.Q. Boudet Fernandes 2645 ( MBML!) ; Santa Teresa, Rio 5 de Novembro, 550–600 m, –19.84, –40.63, 5 March 1992, H.Q. Boudet Fernandes & L.R. Noblick 3080 (F!, K!, MBML!, NY, US!, VIES!) ; Santa Teresa, Estação Biológica de Santa Lúcia , –19.97, –40.53, 29 June 1993, L.D. Thomaz 1749 ( MBML) ; Rio de Janeiro: A.F.M. Glaziou 8048 (P!, U); Without date, A.F.M. Glaziou 11633 ( MO) ; Rio d’Ouro á la base da Lingua chez Meor , 24 August 1879, A.F.M. Glaziou 11638 (P!); Angra dos Reis, Saco de Piraquara de Fora , –23.01, –44.32, 17 June 1999, A.E.S. Oliveira 014 ( RB) ; Nova Iguaçú, Jaceruba , –22.76, –43.45, 3 September 1978, F. Oliveira 455 ( NY) ; Parati, 1o. Distrito, Fazenda Olaria (propriedade do Sr. Gibrail ); trilha em direção ao Theresopolis , 15 March 1876, A.F.M. Glaziou 9009 (K!, P!); "Horto Flora Paraty" ( Propriedade do Sr. Veloso ). APA Cairuçu, –23.22, –44.71, 6 July 1992, L.C. Giordano 1434 ( RB) ; Parati, 2º distrito, Parati-Mirim, mata de encosta após a Ponta da Barra , –23.22, –44.71, 6 July 1992, L.C. Giordano 1465 ( RB) ; Rio de Janeiro, Parque Municipal da Prainha, trilha para o Cruzeiro , logo acima do "bosque da mirtáceas," próximo á formação rochosa, –22.90, –43.21, 10 June 2004, P. Leitman 28 ( RB) ; Rio de Janeiro, Parque Natural Municipal da Prainha, trilha do Boa Vista para o Cruzeiro , –22.90, –43.21, 23 February 2005, P. Leitman 50 ( MBM, RB) ; São Paulo : Paraibuna , ca. 25 km along the highway SE of Paraibuna, at km 172, –23.38, –45.66, 19 May 1961, G. Eiten & L.T. Eiten 2786 ( SP!) ; Ubatuba, Estação Experimental de Agronomia de Ubatuba, Cava da Escravidão , 10 m, –23.43, – 45.07, 17 November 1998, H.Q. Boudet Fernandes 3243 ( MBML, SP) ; Ubatuba, Ponta Grossa, estrada do Farol , arredores do Farol , –23.43, –45.07, 18 November 1998, H.Q. Boudet Fernandes 3249 ( MBML, SP) ; Ubatuba, Estação Experimental do IAC, –23.43, –45.07, 8 March 2005, H.Q. Boudet Fernandes 3385 ( MBML) ; Ubatuba, Parque Estadual da Serra do March-Núcleo de Pissinguaba. ( Secretaria do Meio Ambiente-Instituto Florestal ), – 23.43, –45.07, without date, A.C. Marcato & M.P. Botânico, 361, 362 ( SPFW) ; Ubatuba, Fazenda Capricórnio, Núcleo Picinguaba /PESM, Parcela F, –23.38, –45.08, 13 October 2006, E. Ramos et al. 396 ( IAC) .

Figures

FIGURE 65. Distribution maps of Syagrus pimentae, pleioclada, S. pleiocladoides, S. pompeoi, S. procumbens, S. pseudococos, S. romanzoffiana, S. rupicola, and S. ruschiana.

FIGURE 72. Syagrus pseudococos. A. Habit near Petropolis, Rio de Janeiro. B. Habit near Domingo Martins, Espirito Santo. C. Crown near Rio de Janeiro. D. Inflorescence. E. Inflorescence and thick peduncular bract. F. Leaf sheaths, infructescences, and selfcleaning stem. G. Old inflorescence with thick rachillae and thick bract. H. Old endocarps. I. Endocarp showing the characteristic apical “Chinese” cap.