Erigeron multiradiatus (Lindley ex Candolle) Bentham ex Clarke (1876: 56)

Bhattacharjee, Avishek, Bhattacharjee, Bandana, Chakraborty, Kasturi, Banu, Farheen, Sherpa, Norbu & Layola, Ranjith, 2024, Resolving the ongoing confusion between Erigeron multiradiatus and Tibetiodes himalaica (Asteraceae), Phytotaxa 670 (2), pp. 133-147 : 142-145

1. Erigeron multiradiatus (Lindley ex Candolle) Bentham ex Clarke (1876: 56) (‘ multiradiatum’).

Basionym: — Stenactis multiradiata Lindley ex Candolle (1836: 299) .

Type: — NEPAL. ‘Emmod. ad Gossain Than’ [Gosain Than], Aug 1821, Wallich [Candolle Compositae no. 79 B & Numer. List no. 2969 B] [lectotype G ( G00495976 , image!), designated here, Fig. 7 ; isolectotypes CAL ( CAL0000070059 !); K ( K001118302 , image!); P ( P00691701 , image!)]. Other syntypes :— INDIA: ‘ Emodus ad Kamaon’ [Kumaon], 1822, R. Blinkworth [Candolle Compositae no. 79 A & Numer. List. no. 2969 A] [ G ( G00495975 , image!); BM ( BM000070272 , image!); CAL ( CAL0000070060 !); K ( K001118301 , image!; K000102330 , image!; K000102331 , image!); P ( P00691697 , image!; P00691698 , image!; P00691695 , image!)] .

Phenology: —July–November.

Habitat: —Alpine or subalpine meadows, forest margins, open hill slopes.

Distribution: — India (Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Ladakh, Punjab, Sikkim, Uttarakhand), Afghanistan, Bhutan, China, Iran, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Vietnam.

Additional specimens examined: — AFGHANISTAN. Kurrum valley, 26.8.187 9, J.E.T. Aitchison 784 (CAL). BHUTAN. La-ree, 30.6.188 4, Duugboo 355 (CAL); Thimbu Chu., Dotena, 3048 m, 27.5.194 9, F. Ludlow, G. Sherriff & J.H. Hicks 16375 (CAL); Upper Pho Chu., Gafoola, 4724 m, 6.7.194 9, F. Ludlow, G. Sherriff & J.H. Hicks 16746 (CAL); Padima Tso, near Thampa La., 4267 m, 22.8.194 9, F. Ludlow, G. Sherriff & J.H. Hicks 17178 (CAL); Mo Chu, Laya, 3840 m, 18.9.198 4, I.W.J. Sinclair & D.G. Long 5102 (K). CHINA. Sichuan Province, Kangding Xian, Ertaizhi, 25.8.199 7, D.E. Boufford, M.J. Donoghue & R.H. Ree 27534 (BRIT); Sichuan Province, Xiaojin Xian, 30.7.201 8, D.E. Boufford, B. Bartholomew, J.F. Harber, Q. Li & J. Yue 44265 (BRIT). INDIA. Himachal Pradesh: Kinnaur District, Sangla Kanda, 3700 m, 23.9.196 4, N.C. Nair 34212 (BSD). Jammu & Kashmir: Baramulla District,Apharwat, Gulmarg, 4115 m, 8.9.195 4, K.M. Vaid 131911(DD). Sikkim: Gyalshing District, Hilley-Barshey, 2800-3000 m, 23.8.199 4, P. Singh 14069 (BSHC); Mangan District, 3962 m, 15.7.190 9, Smith & Cave 1529 (CAL); Yumesamdong, 24.7.199 6, G.P. Sinha & D.G. Long et al. 18283 (BSHC); Pakyong District, Changu, 3962 m, 12.8.191 0, W.W. Smith 4267 (CAL). Uttarakhand: Chamoli District, Kalsir, 3094 m, 10.8.202 2, A. Bhattacharjee, B. Bhattacharjee & K. Chakraborty 56826 (CAL); Ghangaria camp site, 3016 m, 11.8.202 2, A. Bhattacharjee, B. Bhattacharjee & K. Chakraborty 56829 (CAL); Ghangaria camp site, 3017 m, 11.8.202 2, A. Bhattacharjee, B. Bhattacharjee & K. Chakraborty 56830 (CAL); Ghangaria camp site, 3013 m, 11.8.202 2, A. Bhattacharjee, B. Bhattacharjee & K. Chakraborty 56831 (CAL); Pauri Garhwal District, Binsar, 2250 m, 18.10.197 5, J.N. Vohra 58033 (BSD); Pithoragarh District, Sirdang, Lamyer, 2743 m, 21.9.199 9, S.S. Garbyac s.n. (DD); Rudraprayag District, Tunganath, 3700 m, 18.10.197 0, B.D. Naithani 37973 (BSD); Uttarkashi District, Govind Pashu Vihar WLS, Seema around, 15.9.201 0, R. Manikandan 112739 (BSD). West Bengal: Darjeeling District, Singalila, 3658 m, 29.9.190 6, I.H. Burkill 27654 (CAL). NEPAL: Balangra Pass, 4115 m, 21.7.195 2, O. Polunin, W.R. Sykes & L.H.J. Williams 2528 (CAL); Above Chutta, South East of Jumla, 3810 m, 27.7.195 2, O. Polunin, W.R. Sykes & L.H.J. Williams 4926 (CAL); Baglung, Dhorpatan, 2896 m, 9.7.195 4, Stainton, Sykes & Williams 3446 (CAL); Taglang, South of Tukucha, Kali Gandaki, 3048 m, 11.7.195 4, J.D.A. Stainton, W.R. Sykes, L.H.J. Williams 1694 (BM); Pura, Muktinath, 3658 m, 27.7.195 4, Stainton, Sykes & Williams 2012 (CAL); Annapurna Himalaya, Kaski, Seti Khola, 4115 m, 14.9.195 4, Stainton, Sykes & Williams 8597 (CAL); Dhankhuta, Tamur valley, Mewa Khola, Topke Gola, 3962 m, 12.7.195 6, J.D.A. Stainton 954 (CAL); Langtang Himalaya, c. 4145 m, 30.7.196 2, J.D.A. Stainton 4078 (BM). PAKISTAN. Baltistan, Lamchen Nala, 3353–3658 m, 25.8.189 3, J.F. Duthie 13801 (CAL); Mansehra, Kaghan Valley, 17.8.189 6, Inayat 19727a (CAL); Mansehra, Kaghan Valley, 3719 m, 18.8.189 6, Inayat 19727b (CAL); Nagar, Hispar glacier, Chokutena, 3353 m, 17.7.193 9, R.S. Russell 1193 (BM); Ghangche, Karakoram range, Upper end Hushe valley, 3810–3962 m, 15.07.195 5, G.L. Webster & E. Nasir 6130 (BRIT).

Notes: —While describing Stenactis multiradiata, Candolle (1836) cited the original material of the species name as “in Indiae montibus boreali-occid. leger. cl. Wallich et Royle. Aster multiradiatus Wall. ! cat. et herb. n. 2969. comp. n. 79. Erigeron radiosus Spreng. in litt. ad Wall. Aster inuloides Don prod. fl. nep. 178? Nees ast. 36? sed ex Lindl. adn. descr.”

Hence, the specimens collected / obtained by Wallich and Royle from the mountains of north-west India, specimens referred to Wallich Catalogue no. 2969 (= Candolle Compositae no. 79) and examined by Candolle, comprise the original material. As Candolle (1836) did not definitely include Aster inuloides D.Don and Nees’s Asteraceae no. 36 in the citation (by adding ‘?’), this precluded Stenactis multiradiata to be a superfluous name according to the Art. 52.2 Note 1 of ICN ( Turland et al. 2018).

In the Wallich ‘Catalogue’/ Numerical List, the entry no. 2969 (corresponding to Candolle Compositae no. 79) refers to two subentries, i.e., ‘A. Emodus ad Kamaon RB’ and ‘B. Emodus ad Gossain Than’. Hence, the specimens corresponding to ‘Wallich Catalogue no. 2969/79 A’ were collected from Kumaon (now in the Uttarakhand State of India) by Robert Blinkworth, a plant collector for Nathaniel Wallich in Kumaon. The specimens corresponding to ‘Wallich Catalogue no. 2969/79 B’ were collected by Wallich from Gosain Than, Nepal. During our study we found fourteen syntypes at different herbaria. There were two specimens at G; one (G00495975) of these was from Kumaon and the other (G00495976) was from Gosain Than. Another specimen (G00495977) collected by Royle (no. 111) from Kashmir (‘Cashemire’) mounted along with G00495975 is not a syntype because it is not cited in the protologue. In K we found four specimens; three from Kumaon (K000102330, K000102331, K001118301) and one from Gosain Than (K001118302). The single BM-specimen (000070272) is with Lindley’s annotation ‘Emodus ad Kamaon, Dr. Wallich, list no. 2969a’, which according to Wallich Catalogue no. ‘2969a’ was collected by Blinkworth. In CAL we found a specimen (CAL0000070059) belonging to Wallich Catalogue no. 2969/79 [B], which was collected from Gosain Than by Wallich, and another (CAL0000070060) belonging to 2969 [a/A] and collected by Blinkworth from Kumaon. Six more specimens were found at P. The specimen P00691695 and P00691696 are mounted on a single sheet. The specimen P00691695 numbered Candolle Compositae no. 79 bears three labels indicating that it was collected by Wallich from the mountains of north-west India (Himalaya) and identified as Erigeron radiosus by Sprengel (but not validly published). Another specimen (P00691697) is also with the label data ‘Emodus ad Kamaon’ with no. 79 written by Candolle. Two other specimens (P00691698, P00691699) are mounted on a single herbarium sheet. The specimen P00691698 with no. 79 was collected from Kumaon by Wallich is a syntype. The specimen P00691699 was collected from the Himalaya, and should not be considered as an original material as it was not cited in the protologue. Similarly, P00691700 and P00691701 are mounted on same sheet. Though the specimen P00691700 is not belonging to the original material (not cited in protologue), the specimen P00691701 collected by Wallich from Gosain Than is a syntype.

Among the original material, the specimen G00495976 bears a label with a note written by Candolle in 1835, which was a draft for his description/diagnosis that appeared in ‘Prodromus’. Such a label is not present on any other syntypes. Further, this G-specimen is complete, i.e., it shows all the diagnostic characters. Hence, the specimen G00495976 is designated here as the lectotype of Stenactis multiradiata according to Art. 9.3 of ICN ( Turland et al. 2018). Although there are three flowering twigs mounted on a single herbarium sheet, all these three twigs are considered a single specimen for the purpose of typification as per Art. 8.2. of ICN ( Turland et al. 2018) ( Fig. 7 ).

Figures

FIGURE 7. Lectotype of Erigeron multiradiatus [G00495976; © Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques Genève]