Archimediella indigena ( Eichwald, 1830 )

Harzhauser, Mathias & Landau, Bernard, 2019, Turritellidae (Gastropoda) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea with considerations about turritellid genera, Zootaxa 4681 (1), pp. 1-136 : 35-37

Archimediella indigena ( Eichwald, 1830)

Figs 6J , 11H, 11I, 11J, 11K, 11L, 11M, 11N, 11O

* Turritella indigena m. — Eichwald, 1830: 220.

Turritella duplicata Lin. — Dubois de Montpéreux, 1831: 37, pl. 2, figs 19–20 [non Turritella duplicata ( Linnaeus, 1758) ].

Turritella bicarinata m. (non Eichw.). — Pusch, 1837: 104, pl. 10, figs 3a–b [non Oligodia bicarinata Eichwald, 1830 ].

Turritella indigena— Eichwald, 1852 : plate captions, pl. 10, figs 21a–b.

Turrit. [ella] indigena m. — Eichwald, 1853: 278.

Turritella Pythagoraica n. sp. — Hilber, 1881: 185 [nomen nudum].

Turritella Pythagoraica Hilber nova forma — Hilber, 1882: 9, pl. 1, fig. 19.

Turritella cf. Pythagoraica Hilber — Hilber, 1882: 10 , pl. 1, fig. 20.

Turritella Rabae n. sp. — Niedźwiedzki, 1886: 5, pl. 1, figs 3–5.

T [urritella]. marginalis Brocc. — Niedźwiedzki, 1886: 6, pl. 1, fig. 6 [non Haustator marginalis ( Brocchi, 1814) ].

Turritella cf. Pythagoraica Hilber — Mikhailovsky, 1903: 54 , 217, pl. 3, figs 9–10, 16?.

Turritella Archimedis Brongn. — Mikhailovsky, 1903: 55, 218, pl. 3, figs 7–8.

Turritella atamanica nb. — Bogachev, 1905: 160, pl. 2, figs 1–5.

Turritella Rabae Niedźw. Var. — Friedberg, 1907: 8, pl. 1, figs 2a–2b.

Turritella Pythagoraica Hilb. — Friedberg, 1909: 257, pl. 2, figs 15–16.

Turritella Pythagoraica Hilb. var. irregularis mihi. — Friedberg, 1909: 258, pl. 2, figs 17–18.

Turritella Pythagoraica Hilb. var. minor mihi. — Friedberg, 1909: 258, pl. 2, figs 19–20 [non Turritella minor Brown, 1827 ].

Turritella Pythagoraica Hilb. var. indigena Eichw. — Friedberg, 1909: 259, pl. 2, figs 21–22.

Turritella Pythagoraica Hilb. var. duplicata mihi. — Friedberg, 1909: 259, pl. 3, fig. 2 [non Turritella duplicata ( Linnaeus, 1758) ].

Turritella Pythagoraica Hilb. var. Rabae Niedźw. — Friedberg, 1909: 260, pl. 3, figs 4–6.

Turritella Dzieduszyckii M. Łom. — Friedberg, 1909: 260, pl. 3, figs 7–8.

? Turritella holubicensis mihi — Friedberg, 1909: 261, pl. 3, fig. 13.

Turritella multicostata n. sp. — Friedberg, 1909: 264, pl. 3, figs 23-24.

Turritella erronea Cossm, var. subpythagoraica Friedb. — Friedberg, 1914: 337, pl. 19, fig. 24.

Turritella Pythagoraica Hilb. — Friedberg, 1914: 340, pl. 20, figs 1–3.

Turritella Pythagoraica Hilb. var. irregularis Friedb. — Friedberg, 1914: 342, pl. 20, fig. 4.

Turritella Pythagoraica Hilb. var. minor Friedb. — Friedberg, 1914: 342, pl. 20, fig. 5 [non Turritella minor Brown, 1827 ].

Turritella Pythagoraica Hilb. var. indigena Eichw. — Friedberg, 1914: 343, pl. 20, figs 6–7.

Turritella Pythagoraica Hilb. var. Rabae Niedźw . — Friedberg, 1914: 344, pl. 20, fig. 8.

T [urritella]. Pythagoraica Hilb. var. multicostata Fr. — Friedberg, 1914: 346.

Turritella Pythagoraica Hilb. var. Dzieduszyckii M. Łom. — Friedberg, 1914: 346, pl. 20, figs 9–10.

? Turritella holubicensis Friedb. — Friedberg, 1914: 347, pl. 20, fig. 11.

Turritella atamanica Bog. — Liwerowskaja, 1935: 22.

Turritella erronea subpythagoraica Friedberg — Bałuk, 1970: 117, pl. 10, fig. 29.

T [urritella]. pythagoraica Hilb. — Popov, 1986: 89.

T [urritella]. indigena Eichw. — Popov, 1986: 89.

Turritella phitagorica [sic] — Zhgenti & Maissuradze, 2016: 60 .

non Turritella (Archimediella) pythagoraica Hilber — Cossmann & Peyrot, 1922: 27, nr. 420, pl. 2, figs 41–42.

non Turritella (Haustator) pythagoraica (HiIb.) — Sieber, 1953: 185 [= Archimediella carpathica new sp.].

non Turritella (Archimediella) pythagoraica Hilber, 1882 — Moisescu, 1955a: 124, pl. 10, figs 14–15 [= Archimediella carpathica new sp.].

non Turritella (Haustator) pythagoraica Hilb. — Sieber, 1956: 238 [= Archimediella carpathica new sp.].

non Turritella (Archimediella) pythagoraica pythagoraica Hilber — Sieber, 1960: 254, pl. 2, figs 6, 9, 14, pl. 3, fig. 8/24 [= Archimediella carpathica new sp.].

non Turritella (Archimediella) pythagoraica pythagoraica Hilber — Švagrovský, 1960: 87, pl. 9, figs 1–3 [= Archimediella carpathica new sp.].

non Turritella pythagoraica Hilb. — Švagrovský, 1964: 84, pl. 17, fig. 5 [= Archimediella carpathica new sp.].

non Turritella cfr. pythagoraica Hilber, 1882 — Strausz, 1966: 90 , pl. 2, fig. 18[= Archimediella carpathica new sp.].

non Turritella (Archimediella) pythagoraica Hilber, 1882 — Hinculov, 1968: 133, pl. 32, figs 1–2 [= Archimediella carpathica new sp.].

non Turritella pythagoraica Hilber, 1882 — Nicorici & Sagatovici, 1973: 164, pl. 23, figs 15–16 [= Archimediella carpathica new sp.].

non Turritella (Archimediella) pythagoraica Hilber — Fotescu, 1976: 115, fig. 14 [= Helminthia tricincta ( Borson, 1821) ].

non Turritella (Archimediella) pythagoraica pythagoraica Hilber, 1882 — Steininger et al., 1978: 332, pl. 2, figs 6–8 [= Archimediella carpathica new sp.].

non Turritella (Archimediella) pythagoraica Hilber (1882) — Švagrovský, 1981: 128, pl. 40, figs 1–2 [= Archimediella carpathica new sp.].

non Archimediella Archimediella [sic] pythagoraica pythagoraica Hilber — Stürmer 1989: 146, pl. 6, figs 7–9, 11–12, pl. 11, figs 6–7, pl. 12, figs 7, 14 [= Archimediella carpathica new sp.].

non Turritella pythagoraica Hilber — Ionesi & Nicorici, 1994: 60, pl. 4, figs 3–6.

non Turritella (Archimediella) pythagoraica pythagoraica Hilber — Schultz, 1998: 56, pl. 21, fig. 12 [= Archimediella carpathica new sp.].

non Turritella (Archimediella) pythagoraica indigena Eichw. — Sieber, 1960: 255, pl. 2, fig. 3 [= Archimediella carpathica new sp.].

non Turritella (Archimediella) pythagoraica indigena Eichw. — Švagrovský, 1960: 88, pl. 9, fig. 4 [= Archimediella carpathica new sp.].

Type material. The collection of Edouard Eichwald (not examined) is stored in the Museum of Paleontology and Stratigraphy at the Faculty of Geology of Saint Petersburg State University, Russia. Syntypes of Turritella indigena were mentioned by Eichwald (1830) from Shukowze, Biłka, Zalisce and Stary Poczajów ( Ukraine), middle Mio- cene, upper Badenian.

The syntypes of Turritella pythagoraica Hilber, 1882 are stored in the collection of the Geological Survey in Vienna ( GBA 2008/028/0287, 2008/028/0288); Czepiele ( Ukraine), middle Miocene, upper Badenian,

Studied material. 5 spec. GBA 2008 /028/0288, 2008/008/0001–0003 , 2 spec. GBA 2008 /028/0287 Czepiele ( Ukraine) ; 18 spec. NHMW 1907 /0004/0017, Podhorce ( Ukraine) (collected by V. Hilber) ; 11 spec. NHMW 1937 /0002/0211, Podhorce ( Ukraine) (collected by W. Friedberg) ; 3 spec. NHMW 1859 /0040/0031, Zalisce ( Ukraine) ; 6 spec. NHMW 1870 /0014/0008, Holubica ( Ukraine) .

Illustrated material. Fig. 11H : GBA 2008/008/0001, SL: 44.9 mm, MD: 12.1 mm, Czepiele ( Ukraine); Fig. 11I : GBA 2008 /008/0002, SL: 42.1 mm, MD: 12.3 mm, Czepiele ( Ukraine) ; Fig. 11J : GBA 2008 /008/0003, SL: 40.1 mm, MD: 11.1 mm, Czepiele ( Ukraine) ; Fig. 11K : GBA 2008 /008/0004, SL: 39.5 mm, MD: 12.1 mm, Czepiele ( Ukraine) ; Fig. 11L : GBA 2008 /008/0005 SL: 30.9 mm, MD: 10.7 mm, Czepiele ( Ukraine) ; Fig. 11M : NHMW 1907 /0004/0017, SL: 19.8 mm MD: 7.1 mm, Podhorce ( Ukraine) ; Fig. 11N : NHMW 1907 /0004/0017, SL: 19.1 mm, MD: 5.5 mm, Podhorce ( Ukraine) ; Fig. 11O : NHMW 1907 /0004/0017, NHMW 1907/0004/0017, SL: 9.2 mm, MD: 3.5 mm, Podhorce ( Ukraine) .

Revised description. Shell small to medium-sized, moderately slender, of about 16 teleoconch whorls. Protoconch unknown. Earliest preserved teleoconch whorls with keel formed by B spiral cord below mid-whorl and initially weaker C spiral cord. Neanic whorls soon bicarinate within 3 rd to 4 th whorl with moderately raised spiral keels. Weak A primary cord may occur on sutural ramp. Interspace between primary cords and broad, steep sutural ramp moderately concave on neanic whorls, becoming nearly flat on later whorls. B spiral cord usually becoming weak on late teleoconch whorls, whereas C primary cord increases in strength. Whorl profile shifting from concave with weakly incised suture to frustate during ontogeny. Secondary spiral sculpture highly variable; typically, two secondary spiral cords appear on sutural ramp and one secondary cord occurs between primary cords; tertiary cords may accompany the secondary cords. Lateral sinus angle steep, approx. 25°, deep, wide, with steep adapical part and weak adapical inflection point; indistinct abapical inflection point close to suture; distinctly adapical LS p; basal sinus unknown. Aperture not preserved; base low, moderately convex with glossy parietal callus. Inner lirae rarely developed consisting of 3–4 weak palatal lirae and a more prominent abaxial basal spiral cord close at transition to palatal wall.

Shell measurements and ratios. All specimens incomplete, largest specimens attain about 55 mm in height and 15 mm in diameter; AA: 16.0° (σ = 1.4°), PA: 14.6° (σ = 0.9°). Lateral sinus (n = 8): LS angle = 25.4° (σ = 3.1°), LS p = 0.9 (σ = 0.1), LS d = 4.3 (σ = 0.6).

Discussion. This species is characterized by an enormous amount of variability concerning sculpture and whorl profile. In some morphotypes, primary, secondary and tertiary spiral cords attain nearly the same strength whereas in other specimens the secondary cords may be subobsolete. We have compared topotypic material of Archimediella indigena ( Eichwald, 1830) from Zalisce ( Ukraine) with the syntypes of Archimediella pythagoraica ( Hilber, 1882) from Czepiele ( Ukraine). This comparison confirmed that both taxa are conspecific as already supposed by Friedberg (1909; 1914). The vast variability documented in the available material, suggests also that the numerous ‘variations’ described by Niedźwiedzki (1886) and Friedberg (1909, 1914) are mere morphs of a single, morphologically variable species; e.g. Turritella atamanica Bogachev, 1905 , from the Tarkhanian of Novocherkassk (S-Russia) is a subjective junior synonym of A. indigena (see also Popov 1986). Friedberg (1914) similarly listed many of his taxa established in 1909 as varieties of Turritella pythagoraica (= A. indigena ).

Archimediella indigena is frequently recorded from the Eastern Paratethys, where it appears during the Tarkhanian (late Karpatian to early Badenian) and persists into the Konkian (= late Badenian). In the Central Paratethys region, it is restricted to the middle and upper Badenian (Serravallian) of the Polish-Ukrainian Carpathian Foreland Basin. Therefore, it might represent an endemic Eastern Paratethyan species, which invaded the Foreland Basin around the Badenian Salinity Crisis ( de Leeuw et al. 2010). The Badenian Salinity Crisis led to a severe disintegration of the Central Paratethyan basins.

Archimediella indigena has been frequently mentioned from the Pannonian basins complex (e.g. Sieber 1960; Švagrovský 1981). These records, however, represent Archimediella carpathica . Friedberg (1914) introduced Turritella erronea subpythagoraica as a varietal name of Turritella erronea [= Archimediella abundans ( Handmann, 1882) ], but the absence of the characteristic screw-like B and C spiral cords of neanic whorls of A. abundans excludes a closer relation. Therefore, we consider this taxon to represent another morph of A. indigena .

Pusch (1837) introduced the name bicarinata for Turritella indigena , although he knew bicarinata was preoccupied by Turritella bicarinata Eichwald, 1830 . He rejected the already established name Turritella indigena because he considered this name not characteristic enough (a personal opinion without nomenclatural relevance).

Paleoenvironment. Based on co-occurring mollusc species, the upper Badenian localities in the Ukrainian part of the Carpathian Foreland Basin where Archimediella indigena occurs represent shallow marine, coastal settings (e.g. Nosowska 2019).

Distribution. Central Paratethys. Late Badenian (middle Miocene, Serravallian): Carpathian Foreland Basin: Biłka, Czepiele, Hołubica, Jasionów, Morozicha, Olesko, Poczajów Stary, Podhorce, Szuszkowce, Tarnoruda, Turówki, Werbów, Żabiak, Zalisce, Zapadnia ( Ukraine) ( Hilber 1882; Friedberg 1909, 1914), Bochnia, Niskowa ( Poland) ( Niedźwiedzki 1886; Bałuk 1970) (see Nosowska 2019 for a map of the localities). Eastern Paratethys. Tarkhanian to Konkian (middle Miocene): Don Basin: Novocherkassk ( Russia), Krynka river in Azov region; Northern Caucasus region: Dubrovaya; Southern Caucasus: Azerbaijan, Georgia; Transcaspian region: Kara-Bogaz-Gol in Turkmenistan ( Popov 1986; Bogachev 1905).

Figures

FIGURE 6. Growth line traces of Turritellidae species based on own data; bold: type species of genera; black: Paratethyan species; asterisk: non-Paratethyan species (unknown basal sinuses are left blank).

FIGURE 11. A–G. Archimediella carpathica new sp. A1–A2. Holotype, Gainfarn (Austria), NHMW 2018/0272/002. B. Paratype, Gainfarn (Austria), NHMW 2018/0272/0003. C. Paratype, Enzesfeld (Austria), NHMW 2018/0271/0004. D. Paratype, Enzesfeld (Austria), NHMW 2018/0271/0005. E. Gainfarn (Austria), NHMW 2018/0272/0004. F. Paratype, Braunsdorf (Aus- tria), NHMW 1963/0550/0000. G1–G2. Paratype, Bernhardsthal (Austria), NHMW 2018/0274/0001. H–O. Archimediella indigena (Eichwald, 1830). H. Czepiele (Ukraine), GBA 2008/008/0001. I. Czepiele (Ukraine), GBA 2008/008/0002. J. Czepiele (Ukraine), GBA 2008/008/0003. K. Czepiele (Ukraine), GBA 2008/008/0004. L. Czepiele (Ukraine), GBA 2008/008/0005. M. Podhorce (Ukraine), NHMW 1907/0004/0017. N. Podhorce (Ukraine), NHMW 1907/0004/0017. O. Podhorce (Ukraine), NHMW 1907/0004/0017.