Aphyodite grammica, Eigenmann

Mirande, Juan Marcos, 2010, Phylogeny of the family Characidae (Teleostei: Characiformes): from characters to taxonomy, Neotropical Ichthyology 8 (3), pp. 385-568 : 529-530

Autapomorphies of Aphyodite grammica :

1. Contactbetweenfrontalsanteriorlytofrontalfontanel (21):(1> 0) absent.Paralleled in Aphyocharax nattereri and Axelrodia lindeae .

2. Ventral extent of third infraorbital (64): (0> 1) not reaching horizontal arm of preopercle, at least anteriorly. Reversal of synapomorphy 2 of node 198. Paralleled in nodes 280 and 298 and in Axelrodia lindeae , Bryconamericus rubropictus , and Creagrutus cf. tahorni.

3. Fourth infraorbital (66): (0> 1) absent or much reduced and bordered posteriorly by third and fifth infraorbitals. Paralleled in the Aphyocharacinae and Gasteropelecidae , in node 186, and in Hasemania nana , Hemigrammus erythrozonus , Hoplocharax goethei , Hyphessobrycon pulchripinnis , and Nematobrycon palmeri .

4. Process of scapula forming anterior border of scapular foramen (244): (0> 1) absent. Paralleled in nodes 193 and 252 and in Deuterodon langei , Hoplias cf. malabaricus , Hyphessobrycon herbertaxelrodi , Leporinus striatus , Odontostilbe paraguayensis , and Thayeria obliqua.

5. Posterior attachment of A1 section of adductor mandibulae (332): (0> 1) restricted or almost restricted to horizontal arm of preopercle. Paralleled in the Iguanodectinae , in node 211, and in Agoniates anchovia and Pyrrhulina australis .

Some trees:

6. Length of sphenotic spine (10): (0> 1) extending ventrally to articulation between sphenotic and hyomandibula. Reversal of synapomorphy 1 of node 197. Paralleled in Creagrutus anary and Inpaichthys kerri .

7. Number of cusps of anterior maxillary teeth (138): (1> 0) conical, a single cusp. Paralleled in Pristella maxillaris . Some trees: Paralleled in Axelrodia lindeae .

8. Number of supraneurals (280): (0> 1) five or more. Reversal of synapomorphy 5 of the Aphyoditeinae .