Anteholosticha bergeri ( Foissner, 1987b ) Berger, 2003

Chae, Kyu-Seok & Min, Kang-San Kim and Gi-Sik, 2021, Redescription of two soil ciliates, Anteholosticha bergeri and Bakuella granulifera, from South Korea, Journal of Species Research 10 (1), pp. 63-71 : 65-67

publication ID	https://doi.org/ 10.12651/JSR.2021.10.1.063
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/AE498786-FFFF-FF8E-06EC-F9F088284F46
treatment provided by	Felipe
scientific name	Anteholosticha bergeri ( Foissner, 1987b ) Berger, 2003
status

Treatment

1. Anteholosticha bergeri ( Foissner, 1987b) Berger, 2003 View in CoL

( Figs. 1 View Fig , 2 View Fig )

Holosticha bergeri Foissner, 1987b: p. 197 View in CoL ; Blatterer & Foissner, 1988: p. 50; Berger, 2001: p. 33.

Anteholosticha bergeri Berger, 2003: p. 377 View in CoL .

Korean name. 인두원„열하모충

Diagnosis of the Korean population. Size in vivo about 90 × 20 μm, ellipsoidal body shape; 12-16 macronuclear nodules and 1-6 micronuclei; contractile vacuole at left of midbody; 13-17 adoral membranelles; cortical granules present; three frontal cirri; two frontoterminal cirri; one buccal cirrus; 5-8 midventral pairs; 2-3 pretransverse and 4-6 transverse cirri; 17-26 left and 18-27 right marginal cirri; 3 dorsal kineties; caudal cirri lacking.

Description. Body size 80-100 × 10-20 μm in vivo, 60- 85 × 15-30 μm after protargol preparations ( Table 1). Body outline usually elongated elliptical, both ends widely rounded and flexible ( Figs. 1C View Fig , 2F View Fig ). 12-16 macronuclear nodules scattered irregularly, with a size of 4 × 2.2 μm after protargol preparation ( Fig. 2F View Fig , arrow). 1-6 micronuclei, size about 1.2 μm diameter after protargol preparation ( Fig. 2F View Fig , arrowhead). Contractile vacuole in left midbody margin, about 7.5 μm in diameter ( Fig. 2B View Fig , arrow). Yellowish cortical granules usually arranged in longitudinal rows along with dorsal kineties ( Figs. 1B View Fig , 2C, 2D View Fig ). Cytoplasm colorless ( Fig. 2C View Fig ).

Adoral zone of membranelles approximately 25% of body length and composed of 13-17 membranelles. Pharynx conspicuous in protargol preparation with short rods in the wall ( Fig. 2H View Fig , arrow). Three frontal cirri length 13 μm long in vivo ( Fig. 1A, 1C View Fig ); two frontoterminal cirri; one buccal cirrus about 10 μm long in life ( Fig. 1A, 1C View Fig ). Midventral complex with zigzagging pattern consisting of 5-8 pairs and terminates slightly ahead of middle of the body ( Figs. 1C View Fig , 2F View Fig ). Two to three pretransverse and 4-6 transverse cirri ( Figs. 1C View Fig , 2F View Fig ). One left (17-26 cirri) and right (18-27 cirri) marginal row, both marginal rows nonconfluent posteriorly ( Fig. 1C View Fig ). Three dorsal kineties ( Figs. 1D View Fig , 2I, 2J View Fig ) and two additional basal bodies at rightahead of dikinetids 3 ( Fig. 2I View Fig , arrowhead). Caudal cirri lacking ( Fig. 1D View Fig ).

Distribution. Antarctica, Austria, Australia, and South Korea (This study).

Remarks. There are more than 40 species in the genus Anteholosticha ( Berger, 2003; 2006; 2008; Li et al., 2007; 2008; 2011; Kumar et al., 2010; Xu et al., 2011; Park et al., 2012; 2013; Fan et al., 2014; 2016; Jung et al., 2016; Chen et al., 2018; 2020). Of these, A. sigmoida ( Foissner, 1982) Berger, 2003 and A. brachysticha ( Foissner, 2002) Berger, 2003 are the most similar to A. bergeri based on their elliptical cell shape, cortical granules present and more than two macronuclear nodules. Anteholosticha bergeri is very similar to A. sigmoida in elliptical cell shape and cortical granules present. However, A. bergeri differs from A. sigmoida in the number of adoral zone membranelles (13-17 vs. 16-28), midventral cirri (11-16 vs. 15-36), macronuclei (12-16 vs. 6-12), and dorsal kineties (three vs. four) ( Foissner, 1982). Anteholosticha bergeri and A. brachysticha have yellowish cortical granules, but A. bergeri differs in the number of pretransverse cirri (two vs. one), transverse cirri (4-6 vs. 2-3), and macronuclei (12-16 vs. 28-38) ( Foissner, 2002).

The Korean population of A. bergeri corresponds to type population from Austria based on body size, number of midventral cirri pairs, and the number of macronuclear nodules. However , they differ in the number of left and right marginal cirri (17-26 and 18-27 vs. 13-16 and 10- 15) and transverse cirri (4-6 vs. 3-4) ( Foissner, 1987a) .

In addition, the cytopharynx structure of the Korean and Australian population (distinguishable) differ from that of original population (indistinguishable). The cytopharynx structure can be important feature to classify hypotrich species ( Kim et al., 2016; Jung et al., 2019). Thus, they can be identified possibility as new population or subspecies. However, further studies are needed to confirm the cytopharynx structure pattern of the three population.

The 18S rRNA gene sequence of A. bergeri was 1663 bp in length (GenBank accession number: MT809479). The closest species to A. bergeri in the genus Anteholosticha based on the pairwise distance of the 18S rRNA sequences is A. gracilis . The pairwise distance between A. bergeri and A. gracilis was very low at 0.01 ( Table 2).

Deposition. The voucher slide with protargolimpregnated specimens is deposited in the National Institute of Biological Resources in Korea (NIBRPR0000110227).

Kingdom	Chromista
Phylum	Ciliophora
Class	Hypotrichea
Order	Urostylida
Family	Holostichidae
Genus	Anteholosticha