Annulariinae

Watters, G. Thomas, 2016, Review of the Hispaniolan Parachondria (Chondropomorus) complex (Gastropoda: Littorinoidea: Annulariidae), Zootaxa 4127 (2), pp. 245-275 : 247

Annulariinae Henderson & Bartsch, 1920

Type genus: Annularia Schumacher, 1817

Description. Shells to ca. 30 mm in length, helicoid to high-spired, often with reflected lip at maturity. Spire typically decollate. Many taxa wholly or partially solute (last portion of final whorl detached from previous whorl). Shell sculpture usually present, rarely produced into short spines or serrations. Spiral sculpture usually as cords or threads, axial sculpture as cords or lamellae. In some Cuban and Bahamian taxa breathing devices are developed, varying from simple punctures to elaborate internal and external siphons. Operculum present, varying from paucispiral to multispiral. Operculum often with outer calcareous deposit that may take the form of erect spiral lamellae, overlapping plates, or pin-wheel-like extensions.

Animals with bifid snout and foot longitudinally bisected into lobes. Locomotion ditaxic between lobes of foot. Taenioglossate radula with rachidian, a single pair of laterals, and two pairs of marginals. The rachidian and lateral teeth usually unicuspid, very rarely multicuspid. Inner marginal multicuspid. Outer marginal pectinate.