Anisotremus perezponcedeleoni Acevedo-Álvarez, Ruiz-Campos & Domínguez-Domínguez, 2021

Acevedo-Álvarez, Edgar Adrián, Ruiz-Campos, Gorgonio & Domínguez-Domínguez, Omar, 2021, Population-level morphological variation of Anisotremus interruptus (Gill, 1862) (Perciformes: Haemulidae) in the Tropical Eastern Pacific, with the description of two new species, Zootaxa 4975 (1), pp. 141-158 : 152-154

Anisotremus perezponcedeleoni Acevedo-Álvarez, Ruiz-Campos & Domínguez-Domínguez , sp. n.

( Figure 7a )

urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:57DF3F77-5A6B-436A-88B2-C61E8D6CA260

Type material: Holotype. CPUM-9858, Tissue number-34922, 30.41 cm SL. Las Pirámides , Isla Clarión , Archipiélago de Revillagigedo , Manzanillo , Colima, México. Geographic coordinates: Latitude 18°22´2.03”N, longitude 114°45´27.46”W. 25 July 2015. Col. Edgar Adrián Acevedo-Álvarez. Paratypes: CPUM-9845, 11194, Bahía del Muelle , Isla Clarión, Archipiélago de Revillagigedo , Manzanillo, Colima, México. Geographic coordinates: Latitude 18°20´40.44”N, longitude 114°43´54.25”W. Col. Edgar Adrián Acevedo-Álvarez, 2 specimens. CNPE-IBUNAM 23793 Bahía del Muelle , Isla Clarión, Archipiélago de Revillagigedo , Manzanillo, Colima, México. Geographic coordinates: Latitude 18°20´40.44”N, longitude 114°43´54.25”W. Col. Edgar Adrián Acevedo-Álvarez, 1 specimen. CPUM-12696, 13086, Playa Blanca, Isla Socorro Archipiélago de Revillagigedo , Manzanillo, Colima, México. Geographic coordinates: Latitude 18°48´51.76”N, longitude 114°2´25.89”W. Col. Carlos Leví Pérez-Hernández, Francisco Martínez-Servín, David Tafolla-Venegas and Edgar Adrián Acevedo-Álvarez, 2 specimens. CNPE-IBUNAM23794, Playa Blanca, Isla Socorro Archipiélago de Revillagigedo , Manzanillo, Colima, México. Geographic coordinates: Latitude 18°48´51.76”N, longitude 114°2´25.89”W. Col. Carlos Leví Pérez-Hernández, Francisco Martínez-Servín, David Tafolla-Venegas and Edgar Adrián Acevedo-Álvarez, 1 specimen. CPUM-12697 Cabo Paerce, Isla Socorro Archipiélago de Revillagigedo , Manzanillo, Colima, México. Geographic coordinates: Latitude 18°46’36.49”N, longitude 110°54’24.72”W. Col. Carlos Leví Pérez-Hernández, Francisco Martínez-Servín, Rosa Gabriela Beltrán-López, David Tafolla-Venegas, Ana Berenice García-Andrade, Moisés Emanuel Bernal-Hernández, 2 specimens. CPUM-13044, La Pared, Isla Clarión, Archipiélago de Revillagigedo , Manzanillo, Colima, México. Geographic coordinates: Latitude 18°20’52.49”N, longitude 114°42’10.2”W. Col. Omar Valencia-Méndez and Salvador Romero-Gallardo, 3 specimens. CPUM-13045, in front of the harbor of Isla Clarión, Archipiélago de Revillagigedo , Manzanillo, Colima, México. Geographic coordinates: Latitude 18°20’37.28”N, longitude 114°43’50.11”W. Col. Omar Valencia-Méndez, David Tafolla-Venegas, Yareli López-Arroyo and Salvador Romero-Gallardo, 1 specimen. CPUM-13048, Barbas de Ben Laden , Isla Clarión, Archipiélago de Revillagigedo , Manzanillo, Colima, México. Geographic coordinates: Latitude 18°20’23.61”N, 114°45’16.43”W longitude. Col. Omar Valencia-Méndez, David Tafolla-Venegas, Yareli López-Arroyo and Salvador Romero-Gallardo, 1 specimen. CNPE-IBUNAM23795, Barbas de Ben Laden , Isla Clarión, Archipiélago de Revillagigedo, Manzanillo, Colima, México. Geographic coordinates: Latitude 18°20’23.61”N, 114°45’16.43”W longitude. Col. Omar Valencia-Méndez, David Tafolla-Venegas, Yareli López-Arroyo and Salvador Romero-Gallardo, 1 specimen. Additionally for comparative purposes, we analyzed 13 specimens of Anisotremus surinamensis , the sister species of A. interruptus distributed in the western Atlantic Ocean .

Diagnosis. Anisotremus perezponcedeleoni differs from the rest of the species complex of A. interruptus from Pacific Ocean as well as its sister species A. surinamensis from Atlantic Ocean, by the following combination of meristic characters (expressed by their mode followed in parentheses by their range): 8 (7-10) scales from the origin of the dorsal fin to the lateral line vs 7 (6-8) in A. interruptus and 7 (7-9) in A. surinamensis ; 24 (22-27) scales around the caudal peduncle vs 22 (21-25) in A. interruptus and 27 (23-28) in A. espinozai ; 21 (19-23) upper scales of caudal peduncle vs 17 (15-20) in A. interruptus and 17 (16-20) in A. surinamensis ; 20 (18-24) scales between the upper origin of the opercula vs 17 (15-20) in A. interruptus and 19 (18-20) in A. surinamensis ; 10 (9-12) scales from the origin of the dorsal fin at the beginning of the head vs 9 (9-10) in A. interruptus ; 27 (22-29) scales from the origin of the anal fin to the origin of the dorsal fin vs 23 (21-25) in A. interruptus and 26 (24-28) in A. surinamensis and 25 (22-26) scales from the origin of the dorsal rays to the anal fin vs 22 (20-23) in A. interruptus , 22 (20-25) in A. surinamensis and 27 (21-26) in A. sp2 ( Table 2 ).

Morphometric characters of A. perezponcedeleoni presented as a ratio to the SL (expressed by their average value followed in parentheses by their range): distance from the anterior insertion of the dorsal fin to the anterior insertion of the ventral fin 2.32 (2.19-2.48) vs 2.27 (2.22-2.40) in A. espinozai and 2.20 (2.0-2.34) in A. interruptus ; distance from the origin of the anal fin to the origin of the dorsal fin 1.75 (1.64-1.81) vs 1.64 (1.54-1.71) in A. interruptus ; dorsal fin length 1.72 (1.64-1.80) vs 1.75 (1.61-1.84) in A. espinozai and 1.65 (1.56-1.70) in A. interruptus ; distance from the anterior insertion of the anal fin to the insertion of the pelvic fin 3.06 (2.85-3.31) vs 3.18 (2.91- 3.62) in A. espinozai and 2.92 (2.77-3.21) in A. interruptus ; preanal distance 1.38 (1.33-1.44) vs 1.39 (1.32-1.44) in A. espinozai and 1.35 (1.30-1.39) in A. interruptus ; predorsal distance 2.30 (2.24-2.53) vs 2.19 (2.07-2.35) in A. espinozai and 2.23 (2.04-2.36) in A. interruptus and length from the origin to the end of the dorsal rays 4.22 (4.01- 4.65) vs 4.37 (4.08-4.92) in A. espinozai and 3.92 (3.72-4.24) in A. interruptus .

The dorsal fin of A. perezponcedeleoni is supported by 26 pterygiophores inserted in 18 neural spines that start in vertebra number two vs 26 pterygiophores inserted in 17 neural spines in A. espinozai and 28 pterygiophores inserted in 18 neural spines in A. interruptus ; the anal fin is supported by 11 pterygiophores inserted in 9 hemal spines vs 11 pterygiophores inserted in eight hemal spines in A. espinozai .

Description. The new species, A. perezponcedeleoni possesses 17 to 18 (mode= 17) dorsal rays; 9 to 11 (mode= 10) anal rays, and 17 to 19 (mode= 18) pectoral rays; 18 to 19 (mode= 19) caudal rays; seven to 10 (mode= 8) scales from the origin of the dorsal fin to the lateral line; 53 to 55 (mode= 54) scales on the lateral line; 22 to 27 (mode= 24) scales around the caudal peduncle; 18 to 24 (mode= 20) scales between the upper origin of the opercula; 10 to 12 (mode= 12) scales between the pectoral to pelvic fins; 22 to 29 (mode= 27) scales from the origin of the dorsal fin to the origin the anal fin; 9 to 12 (mode= 10) predorsal scales; 17 to 23 (mode= 21) caudal peduncle upper scales; and 22 to 26 (mode= 25) scales from the origin of dorsal fin from to the anal fin.

Anisotremus perezponcedeleoni has a high and laterally compressed body, its maximum depth is 2.32 times the SL and its minimum depth is 8.43 times the SL. Head high and robust, its length is 3.53 times in the SL, eye diameter 3.17 times in the head length, thick and fleshy lips, finely serrated pre-operculum, tip of the long pectoral fin reaching the origin of the anal fin. Forked caudal fin, slightly large scales, present in all the body and head except chin, snout and lips ( Table. 2 ). Twenty-five vertebrae (10 precaudal plus 15 caudal), the caudal region supports 19 branched rays with two upper and one lower hypural plates, two upper epural plates and one lower parhypural plate.

Pigmentation. Dorsum yellowish with silvery tones near the head and towards the anal region. Edges of the scales slightly yellow. Posterior upper region of the body with soft yellow tonalities, slightly dark head. Pectoral, caudal, dorsal, pelvic and anal fins with a blackish coloration.

Sexual dimorphism. Not evident sexual dimorphism.

Etymology. The name of the species, an adjective, is derived from the name of the Mexican parasitologist Dr. Gerardo Pérez Ponce de León, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, who has strongly contributed to the study and knowledge of the systematics and phylogeny of helminth parasites of fishes in Latin America.

Habitat and Distribution: Seems to be endemic to the Revillagigedo Archipelago, Manzanillo , Colima Mexico. Collection of specimens was performed for the Clarion and Socorro Islands , at an average depth of 4 m. All individuals were found in shoals, always associated with rocky reefs .

Conservation. As this species seems to be restricted to the islands of the Revillagigedo Archipelago, more studies are needed to accurately assess the current conservation status of their populations. The samplings conducted here showed a low occurrence of the species, with few individuals found. The Revillagigedo Archipelago was declared a Natural Protected Area in 1994, a biosphere reserve in 2008, and a UNESCO natural heritage of humanity site and national park in 2017. As such, the commercial extraction of marine fauna is prohibited. Accordingly, this species seems to be protected. However, it is necessary to pay special attention to the conservation of the habitats of shallow rocky reefs close to the coast, as any impact on shallow coastal rocky reefs will harm the populations of this species.

Figures

FIGURE 7. a) Anisotremus perezponcedeleoni sp. n., Holotype CPUM-9858, Las Pirámides, Isla Clarión, Archipelago de Revillagigedo, Manzanillo, Colima, México. b) Anisotremus espinozai sp. n., Holotype MECN-DP 4358, Cerro Gallina, Isla Santa Cruz, Archipiélago de las Galápagos, Ecuador. c) Anisotremus interruptus, CPUM-9924, Playa La Privada, San Juan de Alima, Michoacán, México.