Anchylorhynchus tricarinatus Vaurie, 1954

De, Bruno A. S. & Vanin, Sergio A., 2020, Systematic revision and morphological phylogenetic analysis of Anchylorhynchus Schoenherr, 1836 (Coleoptera, Curculionidae: Derelomini), Zootaxa 4839 (1), pp. 1-98 : 55-56

publication ID	https://doi.org/ 10.11646/zootaxa.4839.1.1
publication LSID	lsid:zoobank.org:pub:CD765A95-2854-4D92-9EFB-B30B2FF40813
DOI	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4488572
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0389E448-B85F-4B6F-FF6F-FE61FF08FB22
treatment provided by	Plazi
scientific name	Anchylorhynchus tricarinatus Vaurie, 1954
status

Treatment

( Figures 2 View FIGURE 2 G–H, 4C, 6E, 8V, 9D, 13E, 18F, 23C)

Anchylorhynchus tricarinatus Vaurie, 1954:21 (description); Wibmer & O’Brien, 1986:196 (cat.); Franz, 2006:224 (phylogeny); Núñez-Avellaneda & Rojas-Robles, 2008:1, Table 1, Fig. 4C View FIGURE 4 (biology); Núñez-Avellaneda et al., 2015:42, Table 2, Fig. 4B View FIGURE 4 2 View FIGURE 2 (biology). Holotype: Male; Rio Guayuriba, Meta, Colombia; XII-1946; L. Richter col. Deposited in AMNH, examined.

Redescription. Male: Body size (length of elytra + pronotum) 5.7–6.1 mm.

Head: Rostrum 1.4–1.6 times as long as pronotum; 1.5–1.6 times wider at apex than at base; integument yellowish to dark brown; with three longitudinal carinae, distinct throughout their length; scrobes parallel to rostrum; apex covered by wide scales, similar to those between carinae; areas between dorsal carinae covered by dense and wide yellowish scales, only slightly narrower towards the apex of rostrum, directed toward the base of the rostrum. Eyes 1.5 times as high as wide; 0.8–0.8 times more separated above than below. Head integument yellowish to dark brown, similar to rostrum; entirely covered by yellow scales; directed to the inter-ocular fovea. Antennae with scape straight, barely reaching anterior eye margin; funicle: antennomere I only slightly wider II, II longer than I and about 2 times as long as III, VI longer than wide and narrower than club; club about as long as antennomeres IV–VI of the funicle. Left mandible straight at outer margin; dorsally with one large and two small setae; outer tooth not forming a sharp angle, with strongly acute apex; inner tooth well-developed; molar region straight. Left maxilla with stipes subquadrate, with a long ventral seta; galeo-lacinial complex not reaching the apex of palpomere I; palpiger with ventral region approximately as long as wide, dorsal region with an acute angle at base; palpomere I with two apical setae shorter than the length of palpomere I; palpomere II shorter than palpomere I. Labium prementum slightly narrower than postmentum, about 1.5 times as wide as long, lateral margins parallel in median region, with a right angle in lateral-apical region, with two oblique rows of setae in dorsal region and with a median longitudinal row of long setae in dorsal region; ligula about as long as half the length of prementum; palps separated by about the width of palpomere I; palpomere I longer than wide; palpomere II approximately as long as palpomere III; palpomere III with two lateral setae.

Thorax: Pronotum width at base 1.8–1.9 times pronotum length; base slightly lobed at middle; lateral margins in dorsal view strongly convergent from base to apex, with an inflexion in median region, sometimes with a subtle apical constriction; integument yellowish to brown, similar to head; entirely covered by uniformly yellowish scales; scales on the disk directed to the apex. Profemur approximately 3.5 times as long as wide; dorsal margin with curvature about as pronounced as ventral margin; tooth well-defined; about 2.5 times as wide as protibia. Protarsus with tarsomere I about as long as tarsomere III; tarsomeres I and II longer than wide; with short and dense setae on the ventral surface, without sparse and long setae on the sides. Scutellum 1.3–1.4 times longer than wide; integument brown, the same color as elytra; scales yellowish. Elytra 1.3–1.4 times wider than pronotum; 1.7–1.8 times longer than wide; 4.3–4.3 times longer than pronotum; humeri rounded; lateral margins subparallel, only slightly wider at middle; dorsal region with yellowish scales; epipleura without an inflexion on interval IX, covered by yellow scales similar to disk. Ventral region of thorax integument yellowish to brown, similar to dorsal region; scales yellowish, similar or slightly lighter than dorsal region. Hypomeron densely covered by overlapping scales with apex truncated to acuminate larger and wider than those in pronotum; scales next to coxal cavities with size similar to others. Prosternum length 0.8–1.0 times the width of coxae; postocular lobes distinct, with the apical lateral margin of prothorax clearly sinuate; covered by overlapping scales with acuminate apex wider than those in pronotum. Metepisternum entirely covered by overlapping scales. Metasternum central concavity subtle; with long setae in the center.

Abdomen: Ventrites III–V covered by narrow scales. Aedeagus about 3 times as long as wide; about 7 times as long as high; slightly wider at opening; with a truncated anterior process; ventral plate strongly sclerotized, extending to approximately 0.3 times the length of apodemes. Apodemes about 1.5 times as long as aedeagus. Endophallus with one pair of membronous pockets containing microtrichae next to the basal sclerite; microtrichae of the apical region organized in a transverse emarginated band, apparently the result of folds in membranes in this area.

Female: Body size 5.7–6.7 mm. Rostrum 1.4–1.5 times longer than pronotum; width at apex 1.5–1.6 times width at base. Eyes 1.6 times as high as wide; 0.8 times more separated above than below. Pronotum 1.8–1.8 times as wide at base as long. Prosternum length 0.9 times the coxal width. Scutellum 1.4–1.4 times as long as wide. Elytra 1.5–1.5 times as wide as pronotum; 1.6–1.7 times as long as wide; 4.4–4.4 times as long as pronotum. Metasternum covered with scales. Ventrites III and IV with posterior retraction not sinuate and reaching the middle of the segment.

Remarks. This species shares the three-carinated rostrum ( Figures 2 View FIGURE 2 G–H) with some specimens of A. bicarinatus ( Figure 2I View FIGURE 2 ). The conical and transverse pronotum with strongly sinuate base ( Figure 8V View FIGURE 8 ), the very long elytra (4.3–4.4 times as long as the pronotum, Figure 13E View FIGURE 13 ), and the mandible with three long setae ( Figure 4C View FIGURE 4 ) distinguish A. tricarinatus from A. bicarinatus and all other species.

Geographical Distribution. This species is only found in central and western Amazonia ( Figure 24 View FIGURE 24 ), where its host plant occurs.

Host Plants. Oenocarpus bataua Mart.

Labels from species collected near Manaus, Brazil and Monterrey, Colombia show that this species was collected directly from flowers of O. bataua . We also observed A. tricarinatus in this species near Leticia, Colombia.

Examined Specimens. Type Material. COLOMBIA. Meta: Rio Guayuriba , L. Richter, XII/1946 (♂ holotype Anchylorhynchus tricarinatus AMNH , 5♀, 6♂ paratypes Anchylorhynchus tricarinatus AMNH , 1♀ paratype Anchylorhynchus tricarinatus DEI , 1♀ paratype Anchylorhynchus tricarinatus FMNH ) .

Other Material. BRAZIL. Amazonas: Manaus, Reserva Ducke, H. Kuchmeister, 04/IV/1994 (1♀ MZSP); 04/ VII /1994 (1♂ MZSP) .

COLOMBIA. Amazonas: Leticia, LA Núñez & B. A. S. Medeiros, 27/IV/2014 (40 sex undetermined MZSP) ; 29/IV/2014 (17 sex undetermined MZSP) ; Leticia, El Zafire Reserve , LA Núñez & B. A. S. Medeiros, 27/IV/2014 (40 sex undetermined MZSP) ; 29/IV/2014 (17 sex undetermined MZSP) . Casanare: Monterrey , Vereda Tigrana, L. A. Núñez, 18/X/2009 (5♀, 6♂ MZSP) . Meta: Villavicencio , Caño Grande, L. Richter, 23/ III /1948 (1♀, 1♂ AMNH) .