Amphidraus draconitupan, Salgado & Ruiz, 2019

Salgado, Alexandre & Ruiz, Gustavo R. S., 2019, Seven new species of Amphidraus Simon, 1900 (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryini), Zootaxa 4563 (3), pp. 451-481 : 472-474

Amphidraus draconitupan sp. nov.

Figs 23 A–G, 24A–D, 25A–D, 30

Type material. Holotype: ♂ from Fazenda Palma , Varpa, 22°05'44.4"S, 50°30'07.9"W, Tupã, São Paulo, Brazil, XII.2016, G.R.S Ruiz leg. ( MPEG 35022 ). Paratypes: 1♂ from Cachoeira Eubiose , 21°43'33.9"S, 44°57'36.0"W, São Thomé das Letras, Minas Gerais, Brazil, XII.2017, A. Salgado leg. ( MPEG 35016 ) and 2♀, same data as holotype ( MPEG 35017 , 35028 ) .

Additional material examined. BRAZIL: Mato Grosso do Sul: 1♂, Brasilândia, Usina Hidrelétrica Sérgio Motta [21°16’22.7”S, 51°55’52.5”W], 2000, Equipe IBSP leg. ( IBSP 30911 ) ; Minas Gerais: 1♀, São Thomé das Letras, Vale das Borboletas, 21°43'24.4"S, 45°00'24.4"W, XII.2017, A. Salgado leg. ( MPEG 35023 ) ; 1♂ and 2♀ from São Thomé das Letras, Cachoeira Eubiose, 21°43'33.9"S, 44°57'36.0"W, XII.2017, A. Salgado leg. ( MPEG 35024 ) ; São Paulo: 9♀, Tupã, Fazenda Palma, Varpa, 22°05'44.4"S, 50°30'07.9"W, XII.2016, G.R.S Ruiz leg. ( MPEG 35029–35031 ) .

Etymology. The specific epithet is a compound name that refers to the large projection of embolic disc (homologous to projection with dragon's tail shape of A. draconicaudatus ) and the type locality (Tupã). The final - n is added in order to mimic phonetics of the name of the locality.

Diagnosis. The male of Amphidraus draconitupan sp. nov. is most similar to those of A. draconicaudatus Salgado & Ruiz, 2017 and A. shenlong sp. nov. by having an elongate and stout projection on the retrolateral border of the embolic disc that extends towards the retrolateral tegulum border ( Figs 22A , 25A , 26A ). However, the male of A. draconitupan sp. nov. differs from the males of these two species by having the superior border of its elongate projection of embolic disc with a rounded projection followed by several reduced spikes ( Figs 23D , 25A ), whereas in A. draconicaudatus and A. shenlong sp. nov. the rounded projection is absent and the elongate projections have several branches ( Figs 26 A–F). The epigyne of A. draconitupan sp. nov. is similar to that of A. draconicaudatus , both with spermathecae kidney-shaped, with glands near to copulatory openings and with a narrow dorsal pocket placed posteriorly on epigynal plate ( Figs 25D , 27E ) (the female of A. shenlong sp. nov. is still unknown). However, the female of A. draconitupan sp. nov. can be distinguished from that of A. draconicaudatus by having shorter copulatory ducts connected to spermathecae on its outer border ( Fig. 25D ), whereas they connect to the inner posterior border in A. draconicaudatus (see Salgado & Ruiz 2017: fig. 24F).

Description. Male holotype (MPEG 35022). Total length: 2.87. Carapace 1.79 long, 1.18 wide and 0.95 high. Ocular quadrangle 0.82 long. Anterior eye row 1.33 wide, posterior 1.14 wide. Legs 3412. Length of leg: I 2.93 (0.92 + 1.14 + 0.87); II 2.61 (0.86 + 0.93 + 0.82); III 3.42 (1.18 + 1.16 + 1.08); IV 3.39 (1.09 + 1.10 + 1.20). Chelicerae with pockets, as in A. shenlong sp. nov. ( Fig. 28C ). Palp ( Figs 23 D–G, 25A–C): femur with medianproventral region prominent ( Fig. 25B ); RvTA ventrally projected with one single projection pointed to apex of palp ( Figs 23G , 25C ); cymbium oval; cymbial conductor leaf-shaped ( Fig. 25A ); tegular lobe dorsally curved ( Fig. 23F ); embolic disc with membranous prolateral portion, with two short distal processes (dPED) almost fused, and one triangular ventral process (vPED) distally placed ( Figs 23D , 25A ); straight embolus shaft, with its basal portion covered by the stout projection of embolic disc ( Figs 23D , 25A ); embolic filament with nearly half the length of embolus shaft ( Fig. 25A ). Color in alcohol ( Figs 23 A–C): carapace black; abdomen black, dorsally variegated with brown; ventrally black; legs generally black; legs III and IV with pale metatarsi and tarsi.

Female paratype (MPEG 35028). Total length: 3.07. Carapace 1.63 long, 1.08 wide and 0.75 high. Ocular quadrangle 0.87 long. Anterior eye row 1.17 wide, 1.00 posterior wide. Legs 4312. Length of leg: I 2.39 (0.79 + 0.88 + 0.72); II 2.32 (0.76 + 0.86 + 0.70); III 3.12 (1.04 + 1.10 + 0.98); IV 3.32 (0.98 + 1.11 + 1.23). Epigyne/vulva ( Figs 24D , 25D ): epigynal plate with lateral depressions. Color in alcohol ( Fig. 24 A–B): cephalic area black; thoracic area dark brown; abdomen dorsally variegated with black and brown; ventrally pale; legs pale with black spots. Compare this with color of live specimen in Fig. 24C .

Distribution. Known from the states of Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais and São Paulo ( Brazil) ( Fig. 30 ).

Natural History. The specimens were collected in leaf-litter and tree trunk, close to waterfalls and lakes.

Figures

FIGURE 22. Amphidraus shenlong sp. nov., left male palp (A ventral; B retrolateral). Abbreviations: cc, cymbial conductor; dPED, distal processes on embolic disc; e, embolus shaft; ed, embolic disc; ef, embolic filament; RTA, retrolateral tibial apophysis; RvTA, retroventral tibial apophysis; TL, tegular lobe; vPED, ventral process on embolic disc.

FIGURE 23. Amphidraus draconitupan sp. nov. A–C male (A frontal, B dorsal, C ventral); D–G left male palp (D embolic disc, ventral; E ventral; F prolateral; G retrolateral). Abbreviations: dPED, distal process on embolic disc; e, embolus shaft; ef, embolic filament; RTA, retrolateral tibial apophysis; RvTA, retroventral tibial apophysis; vPED, ventral process on embolic disc. Black arrows in D show reduced spikes on elongate projection of embolic disc. White arrow in E shows rounded projection on the elongate projection of embolic disc.

FIGURE 24. Amphidraus draconitupan sp. nov. A–C female (A dorsal, B ventral, C live specimen); D epigyne/vulva, ventral. Abbreviation: po, coupling pocket.

FIGURE 25. Amphidraus draconitupan sp. nov., A–C left male palp (A ventral, B prolateral, C retrolateral); D epigyne/vulva, cleared, ventral. Abbreviations: cc, cymbial conductor; co, copulatory opening; dPED, distal process on embolic disc; e, embolus shaft; ed, embolic disc; ef, embolic filament; fd, fertilization duct; gl, gland; po, coupling pocket; RTA, retrolateral tibial apophysis; RvTA, retroventral tibial apophysis; S, spermatheca; TL, tegular lobe; vPED, ventral process on embolic disc.

FIGURE 26. Left male palp in Amphidraus spp. A–D, G Amphidraus draconicaudatus Salgado & Ruiz, 2017. A–B, G new specimen from Pium (A bulb, ventral; B retroventral; G tibia, retrolateral). C–D specimen from Caseara (C bulb, ventral; D retroventral). E–F, H Amphidraus shenlong sp. nov. (E bulb, ventral; F retroventral; H tibia, retrolateral). Abbreviations: dPED, distal process on embolic disc; e, embolus shaft; ef, embolic filament; RTA, retrolateral tibial apophysis; RvTA, retroventral tibial apophysis; vPED, ventral process on embolic disc.

FIGURE 27. Copulatory structures of Amphidraus draconicaudatus Salgado & Ruiz, 2017. A–D left male palp (A embolic disc, ventral; patella + tibia, retrolateral; C detail of RvTA projection; D detail of reduced RTA). E epigyne/vulva, dorsal. Abbreviations: dPED, distal processes on embolic disc; e, embolus shaft; ef, embolic filament; po, coupling pocket; RvTA, retroventral tibial apophysis; vPED, ventral process on embolic disc. White arrows in B and C show projection on RvTA, and black arrow in C shows one spike of the reduced RTA.

FIGURE 28. Right chelicera, retrolateral (A Amphidraus draconicaudatus, B A. shenlong sp. nov. C A. draconitupan sp. nov.). Black arrow shows pocket on outer face.

FIGURE 30. Map of northern Brazil showing records of Amphidraus draconicaudatus, A. shenlong sp. nov. and A. draconitupan sp. nov. White lines represent the borders of Brazilian states. Acronyms of states: MG, Minas Gerais; MS, Mato Grosso do Sul; PA, Pará; SP, São Paulo; TO, Tocantins. Map modified from Google Earth ®.