Actinopus septemtrionalis, Ríos-Tamayo & Goloboff, 2018

Ríos-Tamayo, D. & Goloboff, P. A., 2018, Taxonomic Revision And Morphology Of The Trapdoor Spider Genus Actinopus (Mygalomorphae: Actinopodidae) In Argentina, Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 2018 (419), pp. 1-84 : 21-26

Actinopus septemtrionalis , sp. nov.

Figures 8A–I, 9A–E, 43

TYPE MATERIAL: HOLOTYPE ♂ (MACN-Ar 36501). Tucumán, El Cadillal [26°36′ S 65°12′ W], 25 May. 1983, P. Goloboff . PARATYPES: 1♀ (MACN-Ar 36052), same data as holotype ; Ruta 9 and Arroyo Saladillo [26°37′ S 65°14′ W], 3 Jan. 1985, P. Goloboff, 1♂ (MACN-Ar 36503), 1♀ (MACN-Ar 36504) (female with egg sac) ; Rio Loro , 21 Sep. 1994, P. Goloboff, 3♀ (MACN- - Ar 36506), 1♂ (MACN-Ar 36505) .

ETYMOLOGY: The specific epithet septemtrionalis (“from the north”) is a Latin adjective in reference to where the species occurs (northern Argentina).

DIAGNOSIS: A. septemtrionalis are relatively small; males can be distinguished from all other species of the genus by having a stylized and almost straight copulatory bulb (fig. 8G–I), with BTA and ATA developed (ATA smaller in A. reycali ), as well as the small anterior retrolateral keels on chelicerae (fig. 8D). Females can be differentiated by the small and wide spermathecae (fig. 9D, E), and fewer retrolateral spines on tibia II (fig. 9C) than other females. Males differ from A. reycali , by the smaller size; an ATA developed; and by the presence of dorsal spiniform bristles on femur III and P on trochanter III (fig. 8F).

DESCRIPTION: Holotype male (MACN-Ar 36501, figs. 8A–I): Total length: 10.56. Carapace (fig. 8A): length 3.78, width 3.66. Cephalic region: length 2.10, width 2.40; clypeus short with one central bristle and 3–4 small ones to the sides, 13 bristles between PME-PME and 6 behind each PME-PLE dyad; one larger medial bristle on each side of the OQ. Fovea: length 0.54, width 1.20. Eyes, diameters and interdistances: AME 0.20, ALE 0.32, PME 0.16, PLE 0.20, OQOQ length 0.68, 1.84 anterior width, 1.80 posterior width; AME-ALE 0.40, PME-PLE 0.08, AME- PME 0.24, ALE-PLE 0.28, AME-AME 0.20. Chelicerae: Length 2.20, width 1.20, with small anterior retrolateral keels (fig. 8D); cheliceral apex with 8 recumbent and elongated bristles that cover the base of the fang. Rastellum with 7 marginal blunt cusps and 4–5 small dorsal attenuated ones. Cheliceral furrow with 7 large promarginal teeth and 5 retromarginal and 4 denticles near the promarginal teeth. Labium: length 0.88, width 0.78. Maxillae: anterior length 0.96, 1.44 posterior, width 1.00. Sternum: narrow, center flat (fig. 8B); length 2.80, maximum width 2.24, minimum 0.78. Postlabial sigillum deep, posterior sigilla poorly defined and shallow. Abdomen: Length 4.20, oval with dark bristles. PMS: length 0.40; PLS: length of basal:medial:apical segments 0.56:0.40:0.24. Spigots: 1 large, 9 small on PMS; PLS, numbers of large(small) spigots on basal:medial:apical article 2(18): 2(24):1(35). Lengths of legs and palp: I: 4.38, 1.80, 2.58, 3.00, 1.50, 13.26. II: 4.02, 1.62, 2.40, 3.00, 1.50, 12.54. III: 1.26, 1.62, 1.80, 2.88, 1.80, 9.36. IV: 3.90, 1.32, 3.00, 3.00, 1.92, 13.14. Palp: 4.56, 1.60, 4.20, –, 1.02, 11.38.

Chaetotaxy: Coxae: III, 1 P SUP; I-II-IV, 0. Femora: I-IV, 0; II, 1 D A, 1 D P M; III, 3 D (1:2 A). Patellae: I, 1 V POST A, 1 v a ant; II, 1 V POST A; III, 1 P +5 on the margin, 1-1-1 D, 18 R SUP +8 on the margin; IV, 30 P SUP-D ANT +5 near the edge. Tibiae: I, 1-1-2 V ANT, 1-1-1- 1-1-2 V POST, 1-1-1 R INF; II, 1-1-2-1-1-1R INF (2:3 A), 1-1-1 V ANT, 1-1-1-1-1-1 V POST; III, 1 D (1:2 B), a crown of 18 thorns, 2 R A, 1-1-2 V POST (thin), 1 V A ANT (thin); IV, 1-1 P INF (1:4 A), 2-1-1-2 V (thin). Metatarsi: I, 2-1-1-1- 2-1 R INF, 3-1-3-3 V (2:3 A); II, 2-1-1-2-1 R INF, 3-1-3-1-4 V; III, 1-2 P INF (1:3 A), 1-1-1-1-1-0-2 D POST, 1-1-2-1-0-1-2 D ANT, 1-2-2-3 R, 3-1 V (3:4 B); IV, 1-1-1-2-1-2-1-4 P, 1-1-2 R INF. Tarsi: I, 1-1 P INF (1:2 A), 1-1-1-1-1-1-1 R INF, 1-1 V; II, 1-1-1-1 P INF, 1-1-1-2-1-1-3 R INF, 1 V M; III, 1-1 P INF (1:4 A), 2-2-1-1R INF (3:4 A); IV, 1-2-2-2 P INF (1:2 A), 1-1-0-1 R INF (1:2 A). Total number of retrolateral spines on tibiae I and II: 3 and 6 respectively. Palp: Tibia long and slender (width/length: 0.19±0.02) (fig. 8E). Bulb slim and slender (fig. 8G–I). ATA and BTA developed; spermatic duct slightly curved. Pseudoscopula: Tarsi: I–II, sparse (uniformly distributed throughout the segment); III–IV, dense and uniform. Metatarsi: III, sparse 1:4 A; IV, sparse 3:4 A. Trichobothria: Tibiae: I 3-4; II 3-5; III 4-6; IV 4-5. Metatarsi: I-II 8; III 7; IV 6. Tarsi: I 6; II-III 5; IV 3. Color: Carapace and chelicerae light reddish brown. Abdomen light brown, booklungs with light markings (fig. 8C). Legs as the carapace with light tarsi-metatarsi. Spinnerets light yellow.

Paratype female (MACN-Ar 36052, fig. 9A–E): Total length: 15.24. Carapace (fig. 9A): length 5.16, width 4.32, with lateral marginal bristles, 12 bristles on each posterior margin. Cephalic region: Length 5.76, width 4.32; clypeus with 25 bristles and 10 on chilum. Three bristles between AME-ALE, 15 between PME and 3–5 on both sides of the OQ. Fovea: length 0.80, width 1.68. Eyes, diameters and interdistances: AME 0.12, ALE 0.32, PME 0.24, PLE 0.28, OQ length 0.88, anterior width 2.4, 2.28 posterior width; AME-ALE 0.64, PME-PLE 0.12, AME-PME 0.48, ALE-PLE 0.40, AME- AME 0.24. Chelicerae: length 2.52, width 1.80; chelicerae apex with 10–12 recumbent and elongated bristles covering the base of the fang; dorsal anterior region with transversal grooves. Rastellum with 9 marginal, blunt cusps, and 5 small dorsal ones. Fang groove with 5 large promarginal teeth and 5 retromarginal ones and 8 denticles in the furrow, near the promargin. Labium: length and width 1.00, with 13 anterior cuspules. Maxillae: anterior length 1.20, posterior length 1.68, width 1.40, with ~70 cuspules 1:3 V ANT, spreading to the anterior face. Sternum (fig. 9B): Length 3.44, maximum width 2.80, minimum width 0.96, flat center. Postlabial sigillum deep, posterior sigilla well defined. Abdomen: length 7.20, globose, with small bristles, long in the dorsum. PMS: length 0.56; PLS: length of basal:medial:apical segments 0.60:0.40:0.24. Spigots: 2 large, 19 small on PMS; PLS, numbers of large(small) spigots on basal:medial:apical article 3(24):3(35):2(40). Lengths of legs and palp: I: 2.88, 1.80, 1.40, 1.60, 0.80, 8.48. II: 2.96, 1.80, 1.40, 1.64, 0.80, 8.60. III: 2.80, 2.00, 1.00, 1.80, 0.68, 8.28. IV: 3.60, 2.00, 2.00, 2.08, 0.80, 10.48. Palp: 2.60, 1.60, 1.68, –, 1.80, 7.68.

Chaetotaxy: Femora: I-II, 15 p sup (serial, small); III-IV, 0. Patellae: I-II, 0; III, 4 P (1:2 A) +9 on the margin, 2 R (1:2 A) +5 on the margin; IV, 34 P SUP-D ANT +5 near the edge; palp, 1(1:2 A)/ 1-1-1- 1 P. Tibiae : I, 1-1 V POST ; II, 15 R (3:4 A), 1-1 V POST; III, 1 D B, a crown of 17 thorns, 8 R; IV, 1 D A; palp, 1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1/1- 1-1-1-1-1 P, 1-1-1-1-1-1/1-1-1-1 R INF. Metatarsi : I, 1-2-2-1-1-2-2 P INF, 1-1-1-1-1-2 R INF, 1-1-2 V POST ; II, 1-2-2/1-2 P INF (1:3 A), 1-2- 1-1-1-2 R INF, 1-1-2 V POST; III, 1-2-3-2-2-3 D ANT, 20 on row D POST-R (more abundant R A); IV, 13 P (1:2 A). Tarsi : I, 1-2-2-1-1 P INF, 1-1-1-2-3 R INF, 2 V A ; II, 4-1-2-2-1 P INF, 1-1- 2-3 R INF, 2 V A; III, 3-4-2-3-1 R, 31V-P; IV, 28 V-P; palp, 12 P (serial), 15 R INF (serial), 2 V A. Total number of retrolateral spines on tibiae I and II (fig. 9C): 0 and 15 respectively. Trichobo- thria: Tibiae: I 3-4 ; II 4-6 ; III 5-7 ; IV 6-6 . Metatarsi : I-II 10 ; III 8 ; IV 5 . Tarsi: I 7 ; II 8 ; III 7 ; IV 6 . Color: Cephalothorax yellow brown, chelicerae darker on anterior region. Abdomen light brown, booklungs with light markings. Sternum , labium, and maxillae light yellow. Legs like carapace. Spinnerets light yellow .

DISTRIBUTION: Known from the provinces of Salta, Tucumán, Catamarca, and Formosa.

ADDITIONAL MATERIAL EXAMINED: Tucumán. El Cadillal [26°36′ S 65°12′ W], 25 May. 1983, P. Goloboff, 1 immature (MACN-Ar 36507). Horco Molle [26°46′ S 65°19 W], 22 Apr. 1987, C. Szumik and P. Goloboff, 1♀ (MACN-Ar 27119); same locality, 10 Jun. 1994, P. Goloboff, 4♀, 2 juv (FML- ARAN 02190). Ticucho [26°31′ S 65°14′ W], 19 Jan. 2011, P. Goloboff and D. Ríos-Tamayo, 2♀ (FML-ARAN 02191); same locality and collectors, 1♀ (FML-ARAN 02192). Ca. Cochuna R.P. 330 (Km 34), 5 Jun. 1995, P. Goloboff, 1♀ (FML-ARAN 02193). Cochuna. R.P 330 (km 37), 20 Dec. 1994, P. Goloboff, 3♀, 2 immature (FML-ARAN 02194). 2 km N Villa Padre Monti, Vía 310 (26°28′ S 64°58′ W), 7 Dec. 2010, P. Goloboff, D. Ríos-Tamayo, and C. Szumik, 2♀ (FML-ARAN 02195). Parque Nacional “Los Alisos” (27°13′ S 65°58′ W), 2–5 Nov. 2012, D. Ríos-Tamayo, 1 immature (FML- ARAN 02196). El Indio, 5 km, W [27°2′ S 65°43′ W], 24 Nov. 1994, P. Goloboff and M. Ramírez, 6♀ (FML-ARAN 02197). Rio Loro [26°36′ S 65°10′ W], 22 Apr. 1987, P. Goloboff, 2♀, 1 juv (MACN- Ar 27116); 18 Mar. 1988, P. Goloboff, F. Coyle and R. Bennet, 1♀ (MACN-Ar 27109). Raco [26°40′ S 65°25′ W], Jan. 1985, C. Szumik and P. Goloboff, 4♀, 6 immature (MACN-Ar 36508). Ruta Nacional 9, km 1247, Jan. 1994, P. Goloboff and C. Szumik, 2♀ (MACN-Ar 36509). Arroyo Saladillo, emp. Ruta 9 and 347 [26°39′ S 65°14′ W], 25 May. 1983, P. Goloboff, 18♀, 8 immature (MACN-Ar 36510). Escaba Abajo, Frente a Pte Colgante, (27°41′ S 65°47′ W), 21 Aug. 2013, D. Ríos-Tamayo and D. Fuenzalida, 2♀ (FML-ARAN 02198); Parte Posterior del Dique Escaba (arco 28) (27°39′ S 65°45′ W), same locality and collectors, 1♀ (FML-ARAN 02199). Camino Posterior Dique escaba (27°39′ S 65°45′ W), 22 Aug. 2013, D. Ríos-Tamayo and D. Fuenzalida, 1♀ (FML-ARAN 02200). Comunidad Batiruana, Area posterior del “Hostel YAQUANA” (27°38′ S 65°44′ W), 3 Oct. 2013, D. Ríos-Tamayo and D. Fuenzalida, 2♀ (FML-ARAN 02201). Comunidad Batiruana, frente a Hidroeléctrica (27°38′ S 65°44′ W), 2 Oct. 2013, D. Ríos-Tamayo and D. Fuenzalida, 1♀ (FML-ARAN 02202). Río Nío, R.P 310, 21 km W R.P 304 [26°26′ S 64°55′ W], 22 Dec. 1994, P. Goloboff, 3♀, 1 immature (FML-ARAN 02203). Entre Piedra tendida y Río Nio (26°26′ S 64°55′ W), 7 Dec. 2010, P. Goloboff, D. Ríos-Tamayo and C. Szumik, 2♀, 1 immature (FML-ARAN 02204). R.P 321 cercano a “El Naranjo,” cerca de “Escuela Joaquin Molina ” (26°42′ S 65°2′ W), 21 Apr. 2014, D. Ríos-Tamayo, V. Pereira and C. Szumik, 2♀, 2 immature (FML-ARAN 02205). Tafí del Valle [26°50′ S 65°42′ W], 28–30 Dec. 1994, P. Goloboff, 3♀ (FML-ARAN 02206). Same locality and collector, 2♀ (FML-ARAN 02207). Same locality, 11 Jan 1985, C. Szumik and P. Goloboff, 1 immature (MACN-Ar 36511). Salta. Los Laureles (ca. Chicoana) [25°6′ S 65°32′ W], 17 Mar. 1988, P. Goloboff, F. Coyle and R. Bennet, 2♀, 2 immature (MACN-Ar 27110). La Quena [23°21′ S 63°48′ W], 4–5 Feb. 1985, C. Szumik and P. Goloboff, 2♀, 2 immature (MACN-Ar 36512). Same locality, 14–15 May 1983, P. Goloobff, 1♀, 1 immature (MACN-Ar 36513). Metán [25°29′ S 64°58′ W], 13 May. 1983, P. Goloboff, 2♀ (MACN-Ar 36514). 10 km. N, Rosario de la Frontera [25°42′ S 64°56′ W], 24 May. 1983, P. Goloboff, 3♀, 1 immature (MACN-Ar 36515). Same locality and collector, 2♀, 3 immature (MACN-Ar 36516). R.P. 6, 5 km N de Palo Quemado (26°02′ S 65o31′ W. 1065 m), 11 Oct. 2012, D. Ríos-Tamayo, S. Arias, C. Szumik, V. Pereira and D. Casagranda, 1♀ (FML- ARAN 02208). R.P. 6, 3 km W of Potrerillos, Camping “El Paso de Zárate” (26°04′ S 65°29′ W, 911 m), 10 Dec. 2012, C. Szumik, V. Pereira and D. Casagranda, 1♀ (FML-ARAN 02209). R.P. 6, 4 km N.W of Potrerillos (26°03′ S 65o29′ W, 976 m), 11 Oct. 2012, D. Ríos-Tamayo, S. Arias, C. Szumik, V. Pereira and D. Casagranda, 1♀, 1 immature (FML- ARAN 02210). R.P. 6, 6 km N.W of Potrerillos (26°03′ S 65°30′ W, 992 m), 11 Oct. 2012, D. Ríos- Tamayo, S. Arias, C. Szumik, V. Pereira and D. Casagranda, 1♀, 1 immature (FML-ARAN 02211). R.P. 6, km 101, 13 km N.W. of Potrerillos (26°01′ S 65°31′ W, 1179 m), 12 Oct. 2012, D. Ríos-Tamayo, S. Arias, C. Szumik, V. Pereira and D. Casagranda, 1♀ (FML-ARAN 02212). R.P. 6, 7.4 km N.W. of Potrerillos (26°03′ S 65°30′ W), 12 Oct. 2012, D. Ríos-Tamayo, S. Arias, C. Szumik, V. Pereira and D. Casagranda, 1♀ (FML-ARAN 02213). R.P. 6, 18.3 km. N.W. of Potrerillos (25°59′ S 65°31′ W, 1174 m), 12 Oct. 2012, D. Ríos-Tamayo, S. Arias, C. Szumik, V. Pereira and D. Casagranda, 1♀ (FML- ARAN 02214). R.P. 6, 18.7 km. N.W. of Potrerillos (25°59′ S 65°31′ W, 1177 m), 12 Oct. 2012, D. Ríos- Tamayo, S. Arias, C. Szumik, V. Pereira and D. Casagranda, 1♀ (FML-ARAN 02215). R.P. 9, km 1634 (between Salta and S.S.de Jujuy), 19 Mar. 1988, P. Goloboff, F. Coyle, and R. Bennet, 4♀, 5 immature (MACN-Ar 28414). Catamarca. Singuil, Rio Casas Viejas [27°49′ S 65°47′ W], 19–21 Jan. 1987, P. Goloboff and C. Szumik, 6♀, 6 immature (MACN-Ar 27106). Same locality and collector, 4♀, 1 immature (MACN-Ar 27101). Entre La Viña y La Cascada, 7–11 Jan. 1987, P. Goloboff and C. Szumik, 1♀ (MACN-Ar 28410). El Colmenal, ruta 38, 20 km S de La Merced [28°19′ S 65°36′ W], 7 Feb. 1986, P. Goloboff and C. Szumik, 1♀ (MACN- Ar 27098). Salto de agua a 2 km arroyo arriba del camino entre La Viña y Dique Sumampa, en el 2º arroyo yendo de La Viña para Dique [28°3′ S 65°35′ W], 6 Feb. 1986, P. Goloboff, 1♀ (MACN- Ar 28408). 4 km E Andalgalá, margen Izq. del Rio, lugar llamado “ La Usina,” Jan 1986, P. Goloboff, 3♀, 12 immature (MACN-Ar 19821). Margen izq. Río la Viña, 1 km abajo de ruta 38 [28°2′ S 65°35′ W], 5 Feb. 1986, C. Szumik and P. Goloboff, 9♀, 7 immature (MACN-Ar 36517). Formosa. R.N Formosa: Seccional Rio Teuco [24°18′ S 61°48′ W], 27 Jun.–5 Jul. 2010, M. Izquierdo, C. Kopuchian and L. Calderón, 1♀ (MACN-Ar 27307), tissue sample (MACN-Ar 27307-t1).

COMMENTS: Specimens from Tafí del Valle (FML-ARAN 02206; FML-ARAN 02207), in contrast to the others, are larger, robust, and with a darker color; they have, however, a very similar morphology of the spermathecae. Those specimens are assigned to the species with doubts; future studies may show that they actually belong to a different species. Likewise, the single female from Formosa (MACN-Ar 27307) has a similar spermathecal shape, but would significantly extend the known geographical distribution of the species. In the absence of males from that locality, that female from Formosa is tentatively identified as A. septemtrionalis