Janula bicornigera ( Simon, 1894a )

Rodrigues, Everton Nei Lopes, Rodrigues, Patrícia E. S., Brescovit, Antonio D. & Koh, Joseph K. H., 2022, An update on the phylogeny of Spintharinae with analysis based on morphological characters and taxonomy of Janula (Araneae, Theridiidae), Organisms Diversity & Evolution (New York, N. Y.) 22 (3), pp. 749-787 : 781-783

Janula bicornigera ( Simon, 1894a) ( Fig. 58 ).

Theridium bicorne Keyserling, 1891:193 , est. 7, figs. 140a-d, syntypes ♂, 4 ♀, Serra Vermelha, Rio de Janeiro , Brazil, deposited in The Natural History Museum, London, examined by H. W. Levi.

Janulus bicornigera Simon, 1894a:517 , new name for Theridium bicorne Keyserling. According to Bonnet, 1956: 1483, preoccupied by T. bicorne Wider, 1834 , Linyphiidae .

Episinus bicorniger ; Levi, 1964a: 20, figs. 55–57, ♂, ♀.

Episinus rio Levi, 1967b: 29 , figs. 22–24, holotype female, Pico da Tijuca , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil, 17.IV.1965, H. W. Levi leg., deposited in Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge. New Synonymy.

Janula bicorniger ; Yoshida & Koh, 2011: 79.

Synonymy After an accurate examination of 393 males and 325 females from various locations in Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo, we assume that Episinus rio Levi, 1967b , described based on a female, is a junior synonym for Janula bicornigera . In Janula bicornigera females examined, in dorsal view, a subtle inclination of the epigynum corresponds to the figure presented by Levi (1967b, fig. 22) for Episinus rio and in ventral view, the epigynum corresponds to that of Janula bicornigera ( Levi, 1964a, fig. 56, as Episinus ). Females have little variation in the width of the central area of the epigynum. All males examined are J. bicornigera and have no variation in the structures of the palp.

Distribution Brazil (Mato Grosso, Minas Gerais, Espírito Santo, Rio de Janeiro , São Paulo, Paraná, Santa Catarina).

Material examined and new records ( Fig. 58 ) BRAZIL. Mato Grosso: Chapada dos Guimarães (15° 20′ 43″ S, 55° 53′ 50″ W), ♂, 15–26.VIII.1992, A. A. Lise & A. Braul Jr. leg. ( MCTP 13,007 ) . Minas Gerais: Santana do Riacho ( Parque Nacional da Serra do Cipó , 19° 15′ S 43° 31′ W), 2 ♂, 16.VII.2001, E. S. S. Álvares & E. O. Machado leg. ( MCN 34,390 ) ; Alto Caparaó ( Parque Nacional do Caparaó , 20° 26′ 5″ S, 41° 47′ 2″ W), 3 ♂, 5 ♀, 01–07. VII.2002, Equipe Biota leg. ( IBSP 79,650 –79,655) and 4 ♂, 4 ♀ ( MCN 40,134 –40,138) . Espírito Santo: São Mateus ( Reserva Florestal da Companhia Vale do Rio Doce , 19° 6′ 54″ S, 39° 56′ 20″ W), 2 ♀, 21–25.VIII.1998, A. J. Santos et al. leg. ( MCN 31,154 ) . Rio de Janeiro : Pinheiral ( Fazenda Santa Helena , 22° 34′ S, 44° 21′ W), 7 ♂, 11 ♀, 05–11.XI.1999 ( MCN 42,066 –42,070) ; Campos dos Goytacazes (21° 45′ 14″ S, 41° 19′ 26″ W), ♀, 20.III.2002, M. Hoffmann leg. ( MCN 34,638 ) ; Teresópolis (Parque Nacional da Serra dos Órgãos , 22° 27′ S, 42° 59′ W), 6 ♂, 3 ♀, 18–22. VIII.2001, Equipe Biota leg. ( IBSP 78,981 –78,988) and 5 ♂, 4 ♀ ( MCN 40,169 , 40,174 – 40,179 ) ; Resende ( Parque Nacional de Itatiaia , 22° 28′ 08″ S, 44° 26′ 49″ W), 9 ♂, 6 ♀, 08–15.VI.2001, Equipe Biota leg. ( MCN 38,988 –38,994) ; Volta Redonda ( Floresta da Cicuta , 22° 31′ 23″ S, 44° 06′ 15″ W), 37 ♂, 7 ♀, 11–18.VI.2001, Equipe Biota leg. ( IBSP 78,923 – 78,956 , 79,689 , 79,690 ) and 34 ♂, 15 ♀ ( MCN 40,990 – 41,027 , 42,383 ) ; Petrópolis (22° 30′ 18″ S, 43° 10′ 44″ W), 6 ♂, 11 ♀, 12–14.XI.1999 ( IBSP 49,402 , 49,416 , 49,418 , 49,424 , 49,443 , 49,444 , 49,448 , 49,467 , 49,468 , 49,475 , 49,486 , 49,491 , 49,502 ) ( Fazenda Ranchinho da Roça , 22° 31′ S, 43° 11′ W) , 34 ♂, 6 ♀, 08–15.II.2000, Equipe Biota leg. ( IBSP 49,104 , 49,583 , 49,599 , 49,600 , 49,610 , 49,660 , 49,663 , 49,684 , 49,698 , 49,715 , 49,732 , 49,849 , 49,753 , 49,754 , 49,823 , 49,829 , 49,837 , 49,871 , 49,880 , 49,900 , 49,905 , 49,911 ) and 16 ♂, 25 ♀ ( MCN 40,956 –40,987) ; Cachoeiras de Macacu ( Reserva Ecológica de Guapi-Assu , 22° 27′ 46″ S, 42° 39′ 10″ W), 9 ♂, 6 ♀, 08–12.XI.2001, Equipe Biota leg. ( IBSP 85,719 –85,730) and ♂, 7 ♀ ( MCN 40,655 –40,668) ; Angra dos Reis ( Ilha Grande , Ponta do Aripeba , 23° 00′ 25″ S, 44° 19′ 04″ W), 4 ♂, 13–16.XI.1993, A. B. Bonaldo leg. ( MCN 24,854 ) . São Paulo: Miracatu ( Fazenda Iterei , 24° 03′ S — 47° 12′ W), 45 ♂, 29 ♀, 20–26.IX.2001, Equipe Biota leg. ( IBSP 73,279 – 73,327) and 21 ♂, 25 ♀ ( MCN 40,796 , 40,799 , 40,800 , 40,843 – 40,846 , 40,848 – 40,850 , 40,852 – 40,857 , 40,860 ) ; São Paulo (Parque Estadual da Cantareira, 23° 24′ 05″ S, 46° 35′ 24″ W), 6 ♂, 7 ♀, R. P. da Rocha et al. leg. ( MCN 41,811 –41,817); (Parque Estadual da Cantareira, Cabuçu , 23° 24′ 05″ S, 46° 35′ 24″ W) , 35 ♂, 9 ♀, 16–22.VII.2001, Equipe Biota leg. ( IBSP 79,711 – 70,728 , 85,044 – 85,058 ); ( Parque Estadual do Jaraguá , 23° 27′ 34.3″ S, 46° 46′ 02.8″ W) , ♂, 3 ♀, 14–19.X.2002, Equipe Biota leg. ( IBSP 78,900 –78,993) and ♂, ♀ ( MCN 41,989, 41,990) ; Ubatuba ( Parque Estadual da Ilha Anchieta , 23° 32′ 22″ S, 45° 03′ 54″ W), 18 ♂, 23 ♀, 23–30.VII.2001, Equipe Biota leg. ( MCN 41,401 –41,412) ; Guarulhos ( Parque Estadual da Cantareira , 23° 27′ 46″ S, 46° 31′ 58″ W), 8 ♂, 4 ♀, 16–22.VII.2001, Equipe Biota leg. ( MCN 41,450 –41,458) ; Mogi das Cruzes ( Parque Natural Municipal da Serra do Itapety , 23° 29′ 07″ S, 46° 12′ 21″ W), 18 ♂, 7 ♀, 13–19.X.2003, Equipe Biota leg. ( IBSP 79,691 –79,708) and 12 ♂, 8 ♀ ( MCN 41,028 – 41,038) ; Ilhabela ( Parque Estadual de Ilhabela , 23° 48′ 54″ S, 45° 22′ 14″ W), 58 ♂, 35 ♀, 09–15.X.2001, Equipe Biota leg. ( IBSP 78,994 – 79,022 , 79,629 – 79,649 ) and 33 ♂, 31 ♀ ( MCN 40,927 – 40,940 , 40,944 – 40,952 , 40,954 , 40,955 ) ; Iporanga ( Parque Estadual Turístico do Alto Ribeira , 24° 35′ 09″ S 48° 35′ 34″ W), 27 ♂, 19 ♀, 08–15.XI.2001, Equipe Biota leg. ( IBSP 79,656 –79,688) and 13 ♂, 8 ♀ ( MCN) ; Peruíbe ( Estação Ecológica Juréia Itatins , 24° 19′ 12″ S, 46° 59′ 52″ W), 29 ♂, 41 ♀, 17–21.III.1997, A. D. Brescovit et al. leg. ( IBSP 9707 , 9769 , 9844 , 9868 , 22,154 , 22,193 , 22,204 , 22,164 , 22,215 , 22,282 , 22,294 , 22,300 , 22,404 , 22,460 , 22,469 , 22,490 , 22,534 , 22,544 , 22,555 , 22,573 , 22,620 , 22,634 , 22,641 , 22,652 , 22,668 , 22,703 , 22,753 , 22,770 , 22,788 , 22,813 , 22,838 , 22,845 , 22,863 , 22,891 , 22,904 , 22,950 , 22,961 , 22,984 , 23,004 , 23,036 ) and 13♂, 11♀ ( MCN 42,697 – 42,702 , 42,705 , 42,782 – 42,785 ) and 33 ♂, 31 ♀, 26.IV.-03.V.1999, A. D. Brescovit et al. leg. ( IBSP 24,581 , 24,606 , 24,638 , 24,650 , 24,720 , 24,754 , 24,806 , 24,818 , 24,837 , 24,858 , 24,873 , 24,900 , 24,948 , 24,974 , 25,011 , 25,023 , 25,044 , 25,154 , 25,175 , 25,183 , 25,189 , 25,211 , 25,222 , 25,243 , 25,256 , 25,279 , 25,298 , 25,263 , 25,304 , 25,309 , 25,339 , 25,355 , 25,362 , 25,364 , 25,407 , 25,415 , 25,424 , 25,425 , 25,456 , 25,478 , 25,495 , 25,508 , 25,533 , 25,598 , 25,550 , 25,618 , 25,816 ) ; Santa Rita do Passa Quatro ( Parque Estadual de Vassununga , 21° 42′ 36″ S, 47° 28′ 40″ W), ♂, ♀, 19–24.III.2002, Equipe Biota leg. ( IBSP 78,957, 78,958) ; Ubatuba ( Praia do Lázaro , 23° 26′ 02″ S 45° 04′ 15″ W), ♀, 18.II.1988, A. B. Bonaldo leg. ( MCN 17,421 ) . Paraná: Foz do Iguaçu ( Parque Nacional da Foz do Iguaçu , 25° 22′ 24″ S, 54° 02′ 33″ W) ♀, 20–26. IX.2001, Equipe Biota leg. ( MCN 40,865 ) ; Morretes ( Serra da Graciosa , 25° 28′ S, 48° 51′ W), ♂, 09–20.I.1995, Equipe MCTP leg. ( MCTP 6938 ) . Santa Catarina: Ilhota ( Morro do Baú , 26° 54′ S, 48° 49′ 37″ W), ♀, 04.II.1996, A. B. Bonaldo leg. ( MCN 27,291 ) ; ♂, 13.V.1996, C. N. Duckett leg. ( MCN 27,578 ) .

Janula nebulosa ( Simon, 1895) (Figs. 35, 36, 37, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 58).

Janulus nebulosus Simon, 1895: 135 , holotype ♀, Serra do Communaty, Pernambuco, Brazil, deposited in Muséum National d´ Histoire Naturelle, Paris, examined by Levi, 1964a.

Janulus germaini Simon, 1895: 136 , holotype ♀, Paraguay, deposited in Muséum National d´ Histoire Naturelle, Paris, examined and synonymized by H. W. Levi, 1964a: 21, in Episinus .

Episinus nebulosus ; Levi, 1964a: 21, figs. 64–68, ♀.

Episinus erythrophthalmus ; Levi, 1964a, partim, fig. 92, ♂ from Panama.

Janula nebulosa ; Yoshida & Koh, 2011: 79.

Note Males and females were collected together in different locations in Brazil. The epigynum examined of the females corresponds to the figures of Levi (1964a: figs. 64–66). Mello-Leitão (1943: 167) recorded Janula nebulosa (as Janulus nebulosus ) for Rio Grande do Sul, based on a female, collected by Pe. B. Rambo. We examined the female and it is J. lutzenbergeri sp. nov. Here we present new illustrations of male (Figs. 35, 51, 52, 53, 54) and female (Figs. 36, 37, 55) of Janula nebulosa .

Distribution Panama, Bolivia, Brazil (Pará, Pernambuco, Tocantins, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Goiás, Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro , São Paulo, Paraná) and Paraguay.

Material examined and new records ( Fig. 58 ) BRAZIL. Pará: Santarém ( Alter do Chão , 02° 26′ 34″ S, 54° 42′ 28″ W), ♂, ♀, 26.I.1994, H. Höfer leg. ( MCN 25,296 ) . Pernambuco: Recife ( Horto Dois Irmãos , 08° 03′ 14″ S, 34° 52′ 51″ W), ♂, ♀, 30.V.-02.VI.2001, Equipe Biota leg. ( MCN 49,123, 49,124) . Tocantins: Araguaçu ( Fazenda Praia Alta , 12° 55′ 51″ S, 49° 49′ 33″ W), ♂, ♀, 5–13.VII.1997, L. S. Rocha leg. ( IBSP 11,992, 11,999) ; Palmas (Serra do Lageado, Fazenda Ceo , 10° 11′ 04″ S, 48° 20′ 01″ W), ♂, 3 ♀, 16.XI.1992, L. A. Moura & E. H. Buckup leg. ( MCN 22,672, 31,370); (Chácara São Joaquim, 10° 11′ 04″ S, 48° 20′ 01″ W) , ♂, 15.XI.1992, M. H. Galileo ( MCN 22,569 ) . Mato Grosso: Poconé (16° 15′ 25″ S, 56° 37′ 22″ W), 2 ♀, 03.VIII.1992, A. A. Lise ( MCTP 2610 ) ; Chapada dos Guimarães (15° 20′ 43″ S, 55° 53′ 50″ W), 19 ♂, 18 ♀, 15–26.VII.1992, A. A. Lise & A. Braul Jr. ( MCTP 2148 ) . Mato Grosso do Sul: Corumbá ( Passo do Lontra , 19° 00′ 32″ S, 57° 39′ 10″ W), 10 ♂, 6 ♀, IV.1998, J. Raiser et al. leg. ( IBSP 21,523 , 21,594 , 21,632 , 21,661 , 21,672 , 21,698 , 21,722 , 21,750 , 21,763 , 21,853 , 21,883 ) ; Bonito (21° 07′ 15″ S, 56° 28′ 55″ W), 20 ♂, 16 ♀, 14–23.X.2002, Equipe Biota leg. ( IBSP 7859 – 78,976 ) and 16 ♂, 17 ♀ ( MCN 40,911 –40,926) . Goiás: Catalão (18° 02′ 39″ S, 48° 00′ 36″ W), 10–16.II.2003, J. P. Guadanucci & F. S. Cunha leg. ( IBSP 85,731 ) , ♀, 10–16.II.2003, Equipe Biota leg. ( IBSP 85,732 ) . Minas Gerais: Taiobeiras (15° 48′ 28″ S, 42° 13′ 58″ W), ♂, ♀, 08–17.IV.2002, Equipe Biota leg. ( MCN 40,612 ) ; Santana do Riacho ( Parque Nacional da Serra do Cipó , 19° 15′ 08″ S, 43° 31′ 50″ W), ♂, 16.VII.2001, E. S. S. Álvares & E. O. Machado leg. ( MCN 34,192 ) ; Belo Horizonte ( Estação Ecológica da UFMG, 19° 52′ S, 43° 58′ W), ♂, 5 ♀, XII.2000, C. S. Azevedo leg. ( MCN 34,130 ) ; 2 ♂, ♀, II.2001, C. S. Azevedo leg. ( MCN 34,133 ) ; ♂, 2 ♀, V.2001, E. O. Machado leg. ( MCN 34,135 ) ; 2 ♂, XII.2000, E. O. Machado leg. ( MCN 34,148, 34,169) ; ♂, III.2001, E. S. S. Álvares leg. ( MCN 34,175 ) ; Juatuba ( Área de Preservação da COPASA, 20° 10′ S, 44° 21′ W), 3 ♂, ♀, 18–24.IV.2002, Equipe Biota leg. ( IBSP 85,732 –85,735) and 2 ♂, 2 ♀ ( MCN 42,201 –42,204) . Espírito Santo: São Mateus ( Reserva Florestal da Companhia Vale do Rio Doce , 19° 6′ 54″ S, 39° 56′ 20″ W), ♀, 6–10.I.1998, A. J. Santos et al. leg. ( MCN 32,395 ) ; Conceição da Barra ( Parque Estadual de Itaúnas , 18° 25′ S, 39° 42′ W), ♂, 3 ♀, 15.XII.2002 – 06.III.2003, Equipe Biota leg. ( IBSP 85,068 – 85,071) . Rio de Janeiro : Paraíba do Sul ( Fazenda Maravilha , 22° 09′ 43″ S, 43° 17′ 34″ W) 7 ♀, 16–18.VIII.2001, Equipe Biota leg. ( IBSP 78,977 –78,980) and 2 ♀ ( MCN 43,344 ) . São Paulo: Luiz Antonio ( Estação Ecológica Jataí , 21° 33′ 18″ S 47° 42′ 14″ W), ♀, 02.V.2000, B. P. Mendes leg. ( UBTU) ; 4 ♂, 31.X.2000, B. P. Mendes leg. ( UBTU) ; 3 ♂, ♀, 31.X.2000, B. P. Mendes leg. ( MCN 34,350 ) ; Teodoro Sampaio ( Parque Estadual do Morro do Diabo , 22° 31′ S, 52° 18′ W), 6 ♂, 6 ♀, 24–31.III.2003, Equipe Biota leg. ( IBSP 85,736 –85,744) and 4 ♂, 3 ♀ ( MCN 39,047 –39,051) ; Assis ( Estação Ecológica de Assis , 22° 34′ S, 50° 24′ W), 7 ♂, 6 ♀, 25–30.XI.2002, Equipe Biota leg. ( IBSP 85,129 – 85,138) and ♂, 5 ♀ ( MCN 41,348 –41,355) ; Santa Rita do Passa Quatro ( Parque Estadual de Vassununga , 21° 42′ 36″ S, 47° 28′ 40″ W), 14 ♂, 17 ♀, 19–24.III.2002, Equipe Biota leg. ( IBSP 85,139 – 85,143 , 85,707 – 85,718 ) and 14 ♂, 14 ♀ ( MCN 40,875 – 40,880 , 40,901 – 40,908 ) ; Pirassununga (21° 59′ 45″ S, 47° 25′ 33″ W), ♂, 01.XI.2000, B. P. Mendes ( UBTU) ; Botucatu (22° 53′ 09″ S, 48° 26′ 42″ W), ♀, 01.IX.1986, I. M. P. Rinaldi & L. C. Forti ( UBTU) ; ♂, 06.I.1987 ( UBTU) ; 3 ♂, ♀, 03.VIII.1987, I. M. P. Rinaldi & L. C. Forti leg. ( UBTU) ; 2 ♂, 01.XI.1987, I. M. P. Rinaldi & L. C. Forti ( UBTU); ( Fazenda Morrinhos , 22° 54′ S, 48° 28′ W) , ♀, 13.III.1999, I. M. P. Rinaldi & P. D. Martins leg. ( UBTU) . Paraná: Foz do Iguaçu ( Parque Nacional de Foz do Iguaçu , 25° 22′ 24″ S, 54° 02′ 33″ W), 13 ♂, 2 ♀, 12.III.2002, Equipe Biota leg. ( IBSP 85,075 –85,086) and 2 ♂, 2 ♀ ( MCN 40,821 , 41,822 , 41,828 ) ; Santa Helena ( Refúgio Biológico de Santa Helena, 24° 51′ 36″ S, 54° 19′ 58″ W), 2 ♂, 12–16.XI.1991, A. B. Bonaldo ( MCN 21,847 ) . BOLIVIA. Beni: (Estación Biológica del Beni, El Trapiche , 13° 18′ 01″ S, 65° 13′ 60″ W), ♂, ♀, 27–29.VII.1993, A. D. Brescovit leg. ( MCN 34,391 ) .

Figures

Fig.58 Distribution of the new species and new records of genus Janula in Brazil and Bolivia