Noronhia pervilleana (Knobl.) H. Perrier

Hong-Wa, Cynthia, 2016, A taxonomic revision of the genus Noronhia Stadtm. ex Thouars (Oleaceae) in Madagascar and the Comoro Islands, Boissiera 70, pp. 1-292 : 210-211

65. Noronhia pervilleana (Knobl.) H. Perrier in Mém. Inst. Sci. Madagascar, Sér. B, Biol. Vég. 2: 299.1949 ( Fig. 45B , 48 ).

≡ Olea pervilleana Knobl. in Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 11: 1027. 1934.

Lectotypus (designated here): MADAGASCAR. Prov. Antsiranana: Ile Nossi Bé, 24.I.1841, Pervillé 447 ( L [ L0005393 ] image seen; isolecto-: K [ K000233182 ] image seen, P [ P03559304 , P03559305 ]!) . Syntypi: MADAGASCAR. Prov. Antsiranana: Ile Nossi Bé, I.1841, Pervillé 281 ( P [ P03559290 , P03559291 , P03559292 , P03559293 ]!) ; ibid. loc., I.1841, Pervillé 459 ( P not found) .

Description

Trees to 18 m tall, trunk to 60 cm diameter; young twigs cylindrical to slightly flattened, 0.7-2.6 mm diameter, glabrous; bark medium gray to brown, smooth to slightly rugose, sometimes with scattered lenticels. Leaves opposite, persistent; bud scales persistent; blades medium green glossy above, lighter below, lanceolate to elliptic, 5-17 3 3-6.5 cm, coriaceous, glabrous, domatia common, base acute to attenuate, margin undulate, apex acuminate, the acumen 2-22 mm long, midrib slightly sunken above, distinctly raised below, secondary veins conspicuous, 6-14 per side, 6-22 mm apart, looping 1.5-6 mm from the margin; petiole yellow tinged red, 5-21 3 0.8-2.6 mm, partially woody, glabrous. Thyrses geminate, multiflorous, compact; peduncle 6-11 mm long, moderately pubescent; pedicel 2.5-4.5 mm long, moderately pubescent; calyx moderately pubescent outside, glabrous inside, lobes deltate, 0.7-1.7 3 1-1.5 mm; corolla white, sometimes tinged purplish at the base, rotate, 4-5 mm long, glabrous on both sides, the tube 1-3 mm long, lobes ovate, apex rounded; corona present, 1.5-1.8 mm long, undivided; stamens 1.5-1.7 mm long, stamens obovate, 0.9-1 mm long; pistil 1.8-2 mm long, stigma capitate. Fruiting pedicel 2-13 3 0.6-2.9 mm; young fruits green, dark red somewhat glaucous when mature, ovoid, 10.5-23.5 3 7-18 mm, surface smooth, sometimes covered with white dots, apex rostrate, the rostrum flattened, ridged, truncate; dry pericarp 0.5-2 mm thick; endocarp woody; seed 7-15 3 4.5-9.5 mm.

Distribution, ecology and phenology

Noronhia pervilleana occurs in low- to high-elevation dry to humid forests from around Anivorano-Nord in the north to around Bemaraha in the west ( Fig. 49 ). It produces flowers and fruits year-round.

Conservation status

There were 40 collections representing 30 localities available for analysis, which resulted in an EOO of 114,822 km 2, an AOO of 112 km 2, and 21 subpopulations representing 20 locations, of which 11 occur within protected areas (Andavakoera-Ambohipiraka, Ankarana, Bemaraha, Galoko, Lokobe, Loky-Manambato, Manongarivo, Marojejy, and Tsaratanana). With a large EOO, an actual AOO that likely exceeds 2,000 km 2, and several locations, half of which are in protected areas, N. pervilleana is assigned a preliminary status of “Least Concern”.

Notes

Noronhia pervilleana can be recognized by its partially woody petiole, glossy leaf blades, with undulate margins, rotate, white corolla, and rostrate fruits. It differs from N. marojejyensis , as discussed under that species, mainly by the texture of their petioles, the shape of their leaves, flowers and fruits, the color of their corolla, and the apex of their fruits. This species was based on three syntypes (Pervillé 281, 447 and 459), none of which is extant at the herbarium in Berlin ( B). Although no holotype was designated in the protologue, a sheet of Pervillé 447 in Berlin was apparently annotated as the type, according to a handwritten note on the sheet at L ([ L0005393 ])( Fig. 48 ). The annotation may not be that of Knoblauch himself, but it is nonetheless very likely that this specimen was part of the original material he used for the species description. Since it is also a more complete specimen and is represented by more duplicates than Pervillé 281, it has therefore been chosen as the lectotype. There is some confusion regarding Pervillé 459, which has been annotated as the type in some herbaria. However, this specimen is actually numbered Pervillé 459ter or even Pervillé 459 quater (459 4ter [sic]), with duplicates distributed from Paris to a dozen herbaria long after the species was described. Thus, it is by no means certain that Knoblauch saw specimens of Pervillé 459ter and 459 4ter, or that the material numbered Pervillé 459, 459ter and 459 4ter is all the same thing. Given these uncertainties, the choice of Pervillé 447 as the lectotype seems appropriate.

Additional specimens examined

MADAGASCAR. Prov. Antsiranana: Nosy Be, Lokobe RNI, 13°25’15”S 48°18’15”E, 0-20 m, 3.III.1994, Antilahimena 34 ( P, TAN) ; Ambanja , Ambato FC, 13°26’42”S, 8°33’18”E, 21.XI.1996, Antilahimena et al. 328 ( MO, P, TAN) ; Antsahabe, Tsaratanana RNI, 13°52’03”S 48°50’43”E, 557 m, 13.XI.2001, Antilahimena 795 ( G, MO, TAN) ; ibid. loc., 13°51’53”S 48°50’48”E, 550 m, 17.XI.2001, Birkinshaw 1101 ( G, MO, TAN) ; Anivorano-Nord, Andrafiabe, Mont Antsahabe , 12°54’59”S 49°17’38”E, 502 m, 3.VII.2010, Hong-Wa 718 ( MO, TAN) ; Vallée de l’Andalangy , [14°18’S 49°43’E], 200-800 m, 12-14.XI.1950, Humbert & Capuron 24168 ( G, MO, P) ; Vohémar, Daraina , 13°12’S 49°46’E, 200-250 m, 19.XII.1989, McPherson 14716 ( K, MO, P, TAN) ; north of the island, I.1841, Pervillé 459 ter ( P) ; ibid. loc., I.1841, Pervillé 459 4ter ( B, BR, G, HK, K, L, MO, NY, P, PRE, S, TAN, TEF, WAG) ; Nossi Be , I.1841, Pervillé 503 ( P) ; Manongarivo RS, Ankaramibe, Bekolosy , 14°03’05”S 48°17’07”E, 600-800 m, 10.XII.1993, Rakotomalala 75 ( MO, P) ; Daraina, forêt d’Antsaharaingy , 13°09’40”S 49°38’33”E, 470 m, 20.XII.2004, Ranirison & Nusbaumer 867 (Daraina, G, K, MO, P, TEF) ; Antongodriha , Marojejy PN, 14°20’S 49°43’E, 720-800 m, 19-28.X.1994, Rasoavimbahoaka 385 ( MO, P, TAN) ; Tsaratanana RNI, Mandrizavona, Antsaharatsy , 13°48’35”S 48°47’36”E, 400-1000 m, 13.IV.2000, Ratovoson 208 ( G, MO, P, TAN) ; Ambanja, Marovato , [13°49’S 48°44’E], 24.IX.1950, Réserves Naturelles 2233 ( MO, P); Ambanja , [13°58’S 48°50’E], 3.XII.1955 , Réserves Naturelles 7374 ( P, TEF); Antongondriha , [14°18’S 49°33’E], 16.IV.1956 , Réserves Naturelles 7873 ( G, P); c. 10 km S of Anivorano-Nord, 12°50’10”S 49°13’42”E, 350-375 m, 10.XI.2006 , Rogers et al. 1164 ( G, MO, P, TAN); 10 km from Anivorano-Nord , 12°44’S 49°14’E, 29. V.1987, Seigler 12867 ( MO, P, TAN). Prov. Mahajanga: Beanka , Sarodrano , 18°03’20”S 44°31’46”E, 453 m, 20. II.2012, Bolliger et al. 223 ( G, MO); Bongolava, près d’Ankavandra , [18°16’S 45°16’E], 15.VII.1930 , Decary 7958 ( P); Beanka, Kimanambolo , 18°06’16”S 44°33’15”E, 230 m, 3.XII.2012 , Gautier 5924 ( G, K, MO, P, TEF); ibid. loc., Sarodrano , 18°04’20”S 44°31’24”E, 240 m, 24. II.2012, Hanitrarivo et al. 199 ( G, K, MO, P, TEF); ibid. loc., 18°03’43”S 44°31’21”E, 303 m, 8.XII.2011 , Nusbaumer et al. 3031 ( G, K, MO, P, TEF); Kimanambolo, Belitsaka , 18°02’09”S 44°19’28”E, 18.X.2009 , Rakotonasolo et al. 1394 ( MO, P, TAN); 22 km SSE Antsalova, 18°51’S 44°41’E, 29.III.1993 , Villiers et al. 4974 ( MO, P) .

Figures

Fig.45.Photographs of Noronhia Stadtm.ex Thouars.

Fig. 48. Lectotype of Noronhia pervilleana (KnobL.) H. Perrier

Fig. 49. Distribution maps of species of Noronhia Stadtm.ex Thouars. N. pervilleana (KnobL.) H. Perrier to N. seyrigii H. Perrier.